Abstract:
:The circadian timing system has three principal elements: the retina, the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) of the thalamus, and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Since the human circadian timing system cannot be studied experimentally, we have used another primate, the macaque monkey, to help provide insight into the organization of the human circadian system. The retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) in the monkey projects to the SCN, the anterior and lateral hypothalamic areas, and the retrochiasmatic area in a pattern very similar to that in the rat. The monkey SCN has a population of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-containing (VIP+) neurons in a zone that overlaps the RHT termination and the termination of neuropeptide Y-containing (NPY+) axons arising in the IGL. This zone is surrounded by a population of vasopressin-containing (VP+) neurons. The human SCN is similar to that of other mammals with populations of VIP+ and VP+ neurons, but it differs in having a large population of neurotensin-containing (NT+) neurons that extends over the entire nucleus, and a moderate population of NPY+ neurons located centrally in the nucleus in the presumed area of RHT termination. The lateral geniculate nucleus in the monkey and human is quite different from that in rodents, but contains an area in the pregeniculate nucleus that receives bilateral retinal projections in the monkey and is characterized in both the monkey and human by a population of NPY+ neurons and a plexus of enkephalin- and substance P-containing axons. This nucleus appears homologous to the rodent IGL.
journal_name
J Biol Rhythmsjournal_title
Journal of biological rhythmsauthors
Moore RYsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-01-01 00:00:00pages
S3-9eissn
0748-7304issn
1552-4531journal_volume
8 Supplpub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Surgical isolation of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) within a hypothalamic island is reported to produce loss of circadian rhythmicity. The results have been interpreted to indicate that SCN efferents are necessary for the expression of circadian rhythms. It is not clear, however, whether the loss of circadian rhyth...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873049100600201
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 24-h treatment with the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) suppresses transcription of E-box-driven clock genes (D-site albumin promoter binding protein, Dbp; Tyrotroph embryonic factor, Tef ; Hepatic leukemia factor, Hlf; Period homolog to Drosophila 1/2/3, Per1, Per2, and Per3) by yet unknown molecul...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730409336579
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Social jetlag represents the discrepancy between circadian and social clocks, which is measured as the difference in hours in midpoint of sleep between work days and free days. Previous studies have shown social jetlag to be associated with body mass index (BMI), glycated hemoglobin levels, heart rate, depressive symp...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730414550199
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the extent to which photoperiodic fluctuations synchronize annual thyroid and gonadal rhythmicity in edible dormice. The effects of different daylength manipulations (LD 4:20, LD 6:18, LD 18:6, LD 20:4) were examined during the two critical ascending and regressive phases of the annual plasma testoster...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873049100600405
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The light preferences of fruit flies were tested by 2 different means. First, flies were allowed to choose between different illuminations, and their favorite resting, grooming, and feeding places were determined with an infrared-sensitive camera. Second, the activity levels of the animals during their main daily acti...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730407306198
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most cyclic biological processes are under control of a circadian molecular timing system that synchronizes these phenomena to the 24-h day. One generic property of circadian-controlled processes is that they operate within a specific temperature range, below which the manifestation of rhythm ceases. Little is known a...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730414537801
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The measurement of circulating levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been proposed to be a marker of disease and an indicator of recovery. Thus, knowing the temporal pattern and influence of potential circadian rhythms is important. Although several studies have measured BDNF at different times of day...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730417693124
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) exhibit changes in immune function following adaptation to short photoperiods, including a marked attenuation of energetically expensive thermoregulatory and behavioral responses to gram-negative bacterial infections. Whether this seasonal attenuation of the immune response is idi...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730407311518
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the first 7 weeks of postnatal life, short day lengths inhibit the onset of puberty in many photoperiodic rodents, but not in Syrian hamsters. In this species, timing of puberty and fecundity are independent of the early postnatal photoperiod. Gestational day length affects postnatal reproductive development in...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730408322985
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To date, it is largely unknown which light settings define the optimum to steer alertness and cognitive control during regular daytime working hours. In the current article, we used a multimeasure approach combined with a relatively large sample size ( N = 60) and a large range of intensity levels (20-2000 lux at eye ...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730418796438
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The frequency demultiplication hypothesis (FDH) posits that circannual rhythms are generated from circadian cycles by frequency transformation to the lower-frequency rhythm. To test the FDH, we determined the periods of the circannual body mass and estrous cycles of golden-mantled ground squirrels with circadian locom...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873048600100402
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Siberian hamsters are photoperiodic seasonally breeding rodents. To date, there has been no evidence that Siberian hamsters exhibit an annual rhythm in reproductive, thermoregulatory, molt, or body mass changes. However, given that the termination of their winter cycle is under endogenous control, the authors thought ...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873040001500206
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::At least two major physiological systems are involved in the adaptation of the organism to environmental challenges: the circadian system and the stress reaction. This study addressed the possibility that interindividual differences in stress sensitivity and in the functioning of the circadian system are related. At 2...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873002237138
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hematologic system performs a number of essential functions, including oxygen transport, the execution of the immune response against tumor cells and invading pathogens, and hemostasis (blood clotting). These roles are performed by erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (p...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0748730415592729
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::House sparrows (Passer domesticus) whose circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and feeding had been abolished by pinealectomy were held in constant dim light and periodically exposed to melatonin in the drinking water. By alternating 8 h of melatonin water with variable phases of tap water, rhythms with periods (T) ...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873049501000305
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drosophila littoralis is a latitudinally widespread European species of the Drosophila virilis group. The species has ample genetic variation in photoperiodism (adult diapause) and circadian rhythmicity (pupal eclosion rhythm), with adaptive latitudinal clines in both of them. The possible common genetic basis between...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730405283418
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) drives and synchronizes daily rhythms at the cellular level via transcriptional-translational feedback loops comprising clock genes such as Bmal1 and Period (Per). Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), a serine/threonine kinase, phosphorylates at least 5 core clock proteins and shows diu...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1177/0748730415573167
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::While the rapid development of personal computers and high-throughput recording systems for circadian rhythms allow chronobiologists to produce huge amounts of data, the software to analyze them often lags behind. Here, we announce newly developed chronobiology software that is easy to use, compatible with many differ...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1177/0748730411414264
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the central pacemaker organizing circadian rhythms of behavior and physiology. At the cellular level, the mammalian clock consists of autoregulatory feedback loops involving a set of "clock genes," including the Cryptochrome (Cry) genes, Cry1 and Cry2. Experimental evid...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730412461246
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most visual system functions, such as opsin gene expression, retinal neural transmission, light perception, and visual sensitivity, display robust day-night rhythms. The rhythms persist in constant lighting conditions, suggesting the involvement of endogenous circadian clocks. While the circadian pacemakers that contr...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0748730419863917
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transplantation of the fetal suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in arrhythmic SCN-lesioned rats can reinstate circadian drinking rhythms in 40% to 50% of the cases. In the current article, it was investigated whether the failure in the other rats could be due to the absence of a circadian rhythm in the grafted SCN, using a...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873099129000416
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors have shown previously that vasopressin (VP) release from suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) efferents in rats is important for the timing of the circadian activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, resulting in a circadian rise in corticosterone at dusk. When meals are supplied at a fixed time du...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873098128999880
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous research has demonstrated a clear link between late chronotype and depression. The vulnerability factors underpinning this link, however, are unclear. Here the relationship between two specific emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, and chronotype was investigated usi...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730417709111
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In many animals, the circadian clock plays a role in adapting to the coming season by measuring day length. The mechanism for measuring day length and its neuronal circuits remains elusive, however. Under laboratory conditions, the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, displays 2 activity peaks: one in the morning and o...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730417738612
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activity patterns are the product of interactions between an internal circadian clock and direct responses to photic and nonphotic features of the environment that are said to "mask" the influence of that clock. Evolutionary transitions between nocturnality and diurnality involve changes in mechanisms underlying both ...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730409351672
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mice homozygous for a dominant-negative allele of the Clock gene (Clock (Δ19/Δ19)) have slightly but significantly decreased male fertility. The molecular mechanism for this reduction in fertility is unknown. In the present study, we used a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) strategy to specifically knock down the Clock gene e...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730413486873
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Groups of Syrian hamsters were exposed to LD cycles with twilight transitions and photoperiods simulating natural lighting conditions at the summer solstice (SS), equinox, and winter solstice (WS) at 41 degrees N and at the winter solstice at the Arctic Circle (WS 66 degrees N) but with daytime illuminance truncated a...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730404272907
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is little evidence for the involvement of microRNAs (miRs) in the regulation of circadian rhythms, despite the potential relevance of these elements in the posttranscriptional regulation of the clock machinery. The present work aimed to identify miRs targeting circadian genes through a predictive analysis of con...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730413476827
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ventral subparaventricular zone (vSPVZ) receives direct retinal input and influences the daily patterning of activity in rodents, making it a likely candidate for the mediation of acute behavioral responses to light (i.e., masking). We performed chemical lesions aimed at the vSPVZ of diurnal grass rats (Arvicanthi...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730415626251
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Past research has shown that there is a circadian oscillator in laboratory rats that is entrained by restricted feeding schedules. However, in laboratory rats at least, the light-dark (LD) cycle is the dominant zeitgeber in the entrainment of wheel-running activity rhythms. Given that dasyurid marsupials are predomina...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873048900400104
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00