Abstract:
:Surgical intervention is usually indicated in reflux esophagitis when medical therapy fails to control symptoms. Since most patients with peptic esophagitis also have a sliding hiatal hernia, early procedures focused on hernia repair. Weakness of the lower esophageal sphincter is now known to be the pathogenetic mechanism, and Belsey, Nissen, and Hill have developed operations to restore sphincteric function. The Hill repair is used most often because of its low incidence of side effects, but the other procedures are recommended in specific situations. Stricture, the most common complication of reflux esophagitis, presents a special problem in treatment because interference with swallowing is added to the characteristic symptoms of reflux. Because of its high long-term success rate, the combined Thal-Nissen procedure is preferred to forceful dilation plus an antireflux operation.
journal_name
Postgrad Medjournal_title
Postgraduate medicineauthors
Woodward ERdoi
10.1080/00325481.1977.11712121subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1977-02-01 00:00:00pages
143-50issue
2eissn
0032-5481issn
1941-9260journal_volume
61pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:This study aimed to determine if there is an association between lipid levels, serum albumin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients on dialysis. METHODS:Lipid profiles, albumin, and CRP levels were collected after a 12-hour fast from patients with end-stage renal disease (N = 105) who were on chro...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3810/pgm.2010.05.2158
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prolongation of survival of children with acute leukemia by systemic therapy has brought a marded increase in incidence of CNS leukemia. In mice inoculated with leukemia cells, CNS i nfiltrates are rare unless life is prolonged by chemotherapy. Available evidence seems to indicate that leukemic cells in the CNS in mos...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1976.11716526
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Osteoblasts are mesenchymal cells that play a key role in maintaining bone homeostasis; they are responsible for the production of extracellular matrix proteins, regulation of matrix mineralization, control of bone remodeling and regulate osteoclast differentiation. Osteoblasts have an essential role in the pathogenes...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.2017.1362312
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's disease has been found to be genetically transmitted. Structural changes in the disease include loss of neurons, specifically cholinergic and perhaps noradrenergic neurons. Functional connections among neurons are also lost. No cause has yet been determined, but slow viruses, autoimmune processes, and alum...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1983.11698359
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Present evidence suggests that the most important nutritional factor bearing on the risk of development of diabetes mellitus is an excessive caloric intake. Other evidence suggests that both dietary prevention of diabetes and mitigation of hyperglycemia by dietary means can prevent morbidity and mortality from the mic...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1976.11712096
更新日期:1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stenosis in the right common iliac artery of a 61-year-old man was manifested as pain in the right leg and foot and cyanosis of the second and third toes. Dilatation of the lesion was performed using a Grüntzig catheter; arteriography and measurement of femoral artery pressure confirmed a successful result. The patien...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1980.11715543
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Food and Drug Administration's approval of the excimer laser in 1995 heralded the age of laser refractive surgery in the United States. Since then, other advances in refractive surgery have spurred great public interest in and enthusiasm for these procedures. In this article, the authors review the major types of ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.1999.09.683
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Women predominate at all ages among patients diagnosed as having primary fibromyalgia. Of 100 patients reviewed, the average age at onset of fibromyalgia was 46. Of 65 patients in whom menopause occurred before diagnosis of fibromyalgia, the average age at menopause was 42, and most of these women had menopause relate...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1986.11699544
更新日期:1986-09-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:As the prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) increases there is growing concern about the associated healthcare burden. This burden has not been well-characterized in high-risk patients with concurrent diabetes and/or acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The objective of this analysis was to assess comorbi...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.2016.1144447
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::With increased survival of increasing numbers of cancer patients as a result of therapy, the consequences, early and late, of the therapies must be realized. It is the treating physician's duty to preserve as much reproductive potential as possible for patients, consistent with adequate care. With radiotherapy this me...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1979.11715159
更新日期:1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a frequent complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is associated with poor clinical outcomes, including an increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, as well as adverse economic and social effects. Slowing the development and progression of CKD remains an unme...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.2019.1601404
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our review describes potential weight-altering effects of psychotropic medications (antipsychotics, antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications, mood stabilizers, sedative-hypnotics, medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and other psychotropic medications) and offers guidance on switching a medicatio...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2013.09.2706
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two cases of subclavian steal syndrome are reported. Symptoms included light-headedness or syncope, reflecting vertebrobasilar insufficiency, and in one case, numbness and tingling in the left upper extremity, reflecting ischemia. Many persons with this syndrome are asymptomatic. Key findings include unilaterally decr...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1988.11700138
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The term "brain failure" implies only dysfunction of a major organ system, not that an exact diagnosis has been made. Assessment and treatment of older patients with diminished cognitive ability can be challenging; however, the experience can also be extremely rewarding when a reversible condition is alleviated and th...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The urine of less than 3% of healthy persons shows more than three red cells per high-power field, which is about the limit of sensitivity of test strips for occult blood. Even minimal hematuria may herald serious problems and must be investigated. Common causes include infection, urethritis, and urethrotrigonitis (25...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1987.11699979
更新日期:1987-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Looking back at the long history of cancer, we can still relate to that POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE editorial written 50 years ago: "None of the basic problems of cancer has been solved. The death rate is constantly mounting. Small wonder that many doctors face cancer with a pessimism bordering on resignation." The temptati...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.3810/pgm.1997.09.307
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preview The number of cardiac drugs is growing every day, and their indications are changing as more is learned about each one. Choosing the appropriate drug for each patient is made difficult by these complexities, especially when a patient has already had a heart attack. The authors review the latest trials of the m...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1993.11945746
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Scleroderma, psoriasis, lichen planus, and other skin disorders may signal a more serious internal disease. Physicians who recognize such clues can initiate early treatment while disease is in its early stages. The authors of this article describe several of the more common dermatologic conditions linked to systemic d...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.1997.06.227
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concurrent use of opioids, benzodiazepines (BZDs), and/or alcohol poses a formidable challenge for clinicians who manage chronic pain. While the escalating use of opioid analgesics for the treatment of chronic pain and the concomitant rise in opioid-related abuse and misuse are widely recognized trends, the contri...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2013.07.2684
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seven bried case reports representing variations of atrial flutter point up important considerations bearing on diagnosis: situations predisposing individuals to atrial flutter with 1:1 atrioventricular conduction, the need for special care in placing ECG leads for continuous monitoring, the use of carotid sinus massa...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1977.11714577
更新日期:1977-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article on microcytic anemia is the first of several on laboratory investigation of anemia. Microcytic anemia, characterized by a mean corpuscular volume of less than 80 cu mu, is usually due to iron deficiency or chronic disease but may signify thalassemia minor. Exact identification of the cause is important, s...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1979.11715037
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hydroxyl-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors of statin action are very effective and safe drugs, and they are widely used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and the prevention of primary and secondary cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, recent meta-analyses of previous studies done with...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.2017.1292107
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vasculitis encompasses a wide variety of diseases. Because diagnosis may be difficult, a careful evaluation is essential, including a detailed patient history, thorough physical examination, and appropriate laboratory studies. Diagnosis is based on clinicopathologic features that permit identification of the condition...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1991.11700988
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Uremic polyneuropathy occurs in about half of patients undergoing dialysis and is characterized by axonal degeneration with secondary segmental demyelination. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis halts the progress of polyneuropathy but usually does not bring improvement. However, improvement invariably occurs with suc...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.1997.10.344
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human growth and development are a continuum starting at conception. Prenatal growth can only be estimated at present but is an important consideration in an evaluation of a child's developmental status. Postnatal growth can be assessed for size attained (distance curve) or change over time (velocity curve). Velocity ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1977.11714699
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maternal peripartum complications continue to be a significant problem in the United States, even among previously healthy women. The problems include peripartum bleeding, infection, hypertension, and thromboembolic disease. Primary care physicians are often called upon to treat these conditions. An awareness of the a...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The best way to detect Cushing's syndrome is to measure urinary free cortisol and to conduct a 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test. The best way to distinguish among the varieties of Cushing's syndrome is to measure plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Urinary 17-ketosteroid and plasma testosterone determination...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1981.11715659
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five common conditions and several less common ones cause eyelid dermatitis. Diagnosis and treatment depend on recognizing their characteristics, obtaining a good history, performing a careful skin examination, administering and interpreting patch tests, prescribing the proper medications at the right time, and teachi...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.1996.08.61
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human sexuality is a lifelong process with biologic, psychosocial, and moral consequences. During adolescence, coping with sexual feelings and controlling sexual drive become urgent tasks that are made more difficult by today's society. Recent studies document a dramatic increase in the frequency of sexual activity am...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1982.11716039
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic syndromes that convey a significant risk of breast cancer are responsible for a small but significant percentage of these cancers. However, the vast majority of breast cancers occur in women with no family history of the disease. Nongenetic risk factors include age, previous breast disease, breast tissue densi...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2004.10.1595
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00