Abstract:
:Inflammation of the adipose tissues occurs in association with obesity. This inflammatory process leads to the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and a consequent elevation in prostaglandin (PG) production, which, together with proinflammatory cytokines, induce aromatase expression and estrogen synthesis. Infiltrating macrophages support the growth of breast epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells by producing a milieu of cytokines and growth factors. This scenario creates a microenvironment favorable to breast cancer growth and invasion. The eicosanoids promote further development and growth of breast cancers indirectly by the induction of aromatase, particularly in estrogen positive breast cancers, or by direct stimulatory effect of PGE2 and lipoxygenase (LOX) products on the more aggressive, estrogen-independent tumors. Beyond this, the local production of estrogens and proinflammatory cytokines which occurs in association with breast adipose tissue inflammation, and consequent activation of the estrogen receptor and nuclear factor-κB, provides a mechanism by which breast cancers develop resistance to selective estrogen receptor modulation and aromatase inhibitor therapy. The obesity-inflammation-eicosanoid axis in breast cancer does offer a therapeutic target for the prevention of relapse in breast cancer by improving the efficacy of antiaromatase therapy using COX/LOX inhibitors; however, careful consideration of menopausal status and obesity in patients is warranted.
journal_name
J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasiajournal_title
Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasiaauthors
Vona-Davis L,Rose DPdoi
10.1007/s10911-013-9299-zsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-12-01 00:00:00pages
291-307issue
3-4eissn
1083-3021issn
1573-7039journal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Insulin-like growth factor-I and -II (IGF-I and IGF-II) and/or the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) have been implicated in a number of human tumors including breast cancer. However, despite being implicated in breast cancer for approximately 25 years and given that transgenic technology has been av...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-008-9097-1
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::T cell immunity in breast cancer is suggested to play a role in tumor dormancy, a period of stability which can correspond to the time interval between primary treatment and tumor recurrence. Bone marrow in breast cancer patients seems to be particularly important because it is highly enriched with cancer specific mem...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1020308104613
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to produce and expel milk is important for the health and survival of all mammals. Nevertheless, our understanding of the molecular events underlying the execution of this process remains incomplete. Whilst impaired mammary gland development and lactational competence remains the subject of focused investi...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-020-09467-y
更新日期:2020-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::The mammary gland is an ectodermal appendage and a defining feature of mammals. Consistent with it being a recent evolutionary novelty, many of the molecules essential for the ontogeny and morphogenesis of various vertebrate organs, including those in the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathway, are co-opted ...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-013-9278-4
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), a major regulator of the mononuclear phagocytic lineage, is expressed in more than 70% of human breast cancers and its expression is correlated with poor prognosis. Studies of CSF-1 null mutant mice demonstrated that CSF-1 plays an important role in normal mammary ductal developmen...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1020399802795
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland commonly caused by bacterial infection. The inflammatory process is a normal and necessary immunological response to invading pathogens. The purpose of host inflammatory responses is to eliminate the source of tissue injury, restore immune homeostasis, and return tissue...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-011-9230-4
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The differentiation and function of mammary epithelial cells is dependent upon the combined action of growth factor/hormone receptors and integrin receptors, which act in concert to control the signals required for normal cell function. It is now becoming clear that integrin receptors also contribute to carcinoma cell...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1018766317055
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Originally adapted from the neurosphere assay, the nonadherent mammosphere assay has been utilized to assess early progenitor/stem cell frequency in a given population of mammary epithelial cells. This method has also been used to measure the frequency of tumorsphere initiating cells in both primary mammary tumors as ...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-012-9258-0
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The One Health concept promotes integrated evaluation of human, animal, and environmental health questions to expedite advances benefiting all species. A recognition of the multi-species impact of mastitis as a painful condition with welfare implications leads us to suggest that mastitis is an ideal target for a One H...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-018-9395-1
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Women are using estrogens for many purposes, such as to prevent pregnancy or miscarriage, or to treat menopausal symptoms. Estrogens also have been used to treat breast cancer which seems puzzling, since there is convincing evidence to support a link between high lifetime estrogen exposure and increased breast cancer ...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-013-9274-8
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neuroendocrine hormone prolactin (PRL) stimulates breast growth and differentiation during puberty, pregnancy, and lactation. Despite extensive and convincing data indicating that PRL significantly contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of rodent mammary carcinoma, parallel observations for human breast c...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1026325630359
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Available evidence indicates that mammary gland secretions first evolved in synapsids that laid parchment-shelled eggs. Unlike the rigid-shelled eggs of birds and some other sauropsids, parchment-shelled eggs lose water very rapidly when exposed to ambient air of lower vapor pressure, whether due to differences in rel...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1022848632125
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since breast cancer and its associated metastasis are a global health problem and a major cause of mortality among women, research efforts to understand the development, morphogenesis, and functioning of the mammary gland are a high priority. Myriad signaling pathways, transcription factors, and associated transcripti...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-007-9043-7
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dynamic interactions between the hormone responsive mammary gland epithelium and surrounding stromal macrophage populations are critical for normal development and function of the mammary gland. Macrophages are versatile cells capable of diverse roles in mammary gland development and maintenance of homeostasis, and th...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-014-9319-7
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Milk production is highly dependent on the optimal development of the mammary epithelium. It is therefore essential to better understand mammary epithelial cell growth and maintenance from the related epithelial lineage during the animal life. Here, we characterized the epithelial lineage at puberty, lactation and dry...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10911-019-09427-1
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Hedgehog pathway is critical for many developmental processes, including the formation of several epidermal appendages. In the mammary gland strict regulation of the Hedgehog pathway is required for normal development. Alterations in Hedgehog signaling result in defects in both the embryonic and postnatal mammary ...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-007-9048-2
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathways are major regulators during mammary gland development, function and tumorigenesis. Predominantly, they have opposing roles in proliferation and apoptosis. While ERα signaling supports growth and differentiation and is antiapoptotic, ma...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-011-9203-7
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mouse has emerged as a primary animal model for human breast cancer because the mammary glands of the two species are very similar in structure and function. In this regard the TDLU and LA have similar morphology. The mouse, infected by MMTV, develops "spontaneous" tumors with specific but limited tumor phenotypes...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1018712905244
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) has been implicated in the lobuloalveolar development of the mammary gland. In breast cancer its activation has been linked to tumor progression via stimulation of cell proliferation, pro-survival, and angiogenesis pathways and metastasis. Whether NF-kappaB activation in the immune sy...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-006-9013-5
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Much of our knowledge about the intricate pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in the conversion of a normal mammary epithelial cell to malignancy derives from studies on mammary tumorigenesis induced by the retrovirus mouse mammary tumor virus. In addition, three DNA tumor viruses, simian virus 40, polyomavirus...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02096302
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased glucose requirements of the gravid uterus during late pregnancy and even greater requirements of the lactating mammary glands necessitate major adjustments in glucose production and utilization in maternal liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and other tissues. In ruminants, which at all times rely princi...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1026336505343
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mammary gland involution is a period of intensive tissue remodeling. Over the course of a relatively brief period, a large proportion of the mammary gland epithelium undergoes programmed cell death and is removed by phagocytes. In addition, the gland is cleared of residual milk fat globules as well as milk and adipocy...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-007-9036-6
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various retroviral and lentiviral vectors have been used for up-the-teat intraductal injection to deliver markers, oncogenes, and other genes into mammary epithelial cells in mice. These methods along with the large number of genetically engineered mouse lines have greatly helped us learn normal breast development and...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10911-020-09469-w
更新日期:2020-11-09 00:00:00
abstract::Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles secreted to the extracellular environment by several cell types, including tumor cells. It has been demonstrated that exosomes have an important role in intercellular communication, but they have recently been implicated in various tumor processes, including the oncogenic tran...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-015-9332-5
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transgenic experiments using oocyte micro-injection methodology are often performed in order to target expression of a foreign gene in a specific tissue or, to a lesser extent, to study the regulation of gene expression. However, the isolation of embryonic stem cells in mice and the development of antisense and ribozy...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1018775729834
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mouse modeling of human breast cancer has developed tremendously over the past ten years. Human breast cancer is characterized by enormous biological diversity and, collectively, the new models have come much closer to encompassing this diversity. They have provided a deeper understanding of the fundamental events tha...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-008-9093-5
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase family has often been associated with increased growth of breast epithelial cells, as well as malignant transformation and progression. In contrast, ErbB4/HER4 exhibits unique attributes from a two step proteolytic cleavage which releases an 80 kilodalton, nuclear localizing, tyrosine...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-008-9080-x
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::With improved screening methods, the numbers of abnormal breast lesions diagnosed in women have been increasing over time. However, it remains unclear whether these breast lesions will develop into invasive cancers. To more effectively predict the outcome of breast lesions and determine a more appropriate course of tr...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10911-018-9407-1
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor spread involves degradation of various components of the extracellular matrix and blood vessel wall. Among these is heparan sulfate proteoglycan, which plays a key role in the self-assembly, insolubility and barrier properties of basement membranes and extracellular matrices. Expression of an endoglycosidase (he...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1011375624902
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most of the development and functional differentiation in the mammary gland occur after birth. Epigenetics is defined as the stable alterations in gene expression potential that arise during development and proliferation. Epigenetic changes are mediated at the biochemical level by the chromatin conformation initiated ...
journal_title:Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10911-010-9170-4
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00