Disseminated aspergillosis presenting as a skin abscess.

abstract：:Hirsutism is a source of significant anxiety in women. While polycystic ovary syndrome or other endocrine conditions are responsible for excess androgen in many patients, other patients have normal menses and normal androgen levels ("idiopathic" hirsutism). The goal of the evaluation is to rule out any underlying path...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Harrison S,Somani N,Bergfeld WF

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Platelet activation is one of the essential steps in the genesis and propagation of atherothrombosis. Accumulating clinical evidence suggests that an elevated platelet count, platelet activation, and platelet hyperreactivity (defined as residual platelet activity despite antiplatelet drug therapy) may be associated wi...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Kottke-Marchant K

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lifestyle factors remain the bedrock of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) prevention. Statins remain the first-line therapy for primary and secondary prevention of ASCVD. Physicians are encouraged to discuss the risks and benefits of statins with patients before beginning therapy. Nonstatins and proprotei...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Cho L

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies have significantly broadened understanding of immunoglobulin production and T-cell receptor formation at the gene level. A limited number of genes can be rearranged during the course of B-cell or T-cell development to yield unique DNA sequences that will code for specific antibodies and T-cell receptor ...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Fishleder AJ

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Women with heart failure differ from their male counterparts in a number of ways, including etiology, pattern of cardiac remodeling, and prognosis. They may even respond differently to medical therapy. But until prospective, sex-specific studies show that we should do otherwise, we recommend that women with heart fail...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Mezu U,Bott-Silverman C,Hsich E

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evidence is mounting that obstructive sleep apnea causes or contributes to many chronic medical diseases, and that treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) often improves concomitant diseases. The author reviews the association of obstructive sleep apnea with arterial hypertension, pulmonary hypertens...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Collop N

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent advances in our understanding of the diagnosis, imaging, pathology, and clinical monitoring of multiple sclerosis (MS) have significantly increased our ability to successfully treat this often perplexing neurologic disorder. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now integral to the diagnostic process. Treatment o...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Fox RJ,Bethoux F,Goldman MD,Cohen JA

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Of the imaging techniques currently available to evaluate women for breast disease, mammography remains the mainstay of breast cancer screening, but recent guidelines have included magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the screening of some women at high risk. Whole-breast ultrasonography for screening has not been est...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Nemec CF,Listinsky J,Rim A

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cutaneous changes may be the first clue that a patient has liver disease. Recognizing these signs is crucial to diagnosing liver conditions early. Here we describe the spectrum of skin manifestations that may be found in various liver diseases. ...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Hazin R,Abu-Rajab Tamimi TI,Abuzetun JY,Zein NN

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nephrotic syndrome can now be treated effectively in most cases. All patients should be treated with a low-salt diet, diuretics to reduce edema, and statins to normalize serum lipid concentrations. Patients with nephrotic syndrome are prone to deep vein thrombophlebitis, renal vein thrombosis, and pulmonary emboli. De...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Appel GB

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is the fourth most common psychiatric disorder. Yet patients often avoid seeking help because they are ashamed. Diagnosis is difficult, but familiarity with the nature of OCD and its current management helps primary care physicians identify patients with OCD and make informed judgme...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： El-Sayegh S,Bea S,Agelopoulos A

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The patient-centered medical home is a rapidly growing concept in reforming American health care. It has spread from its origins in primary care pediatrics to family practice and, more recently, into internal medicine. This review article describes how primary care geriatricians can obtain certification from the Natio...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Gennari A,Fedor K,Bakow E,Resnick NM

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Because type 2 diabetes mellitus is a progressive disease, most patients eventually need insulin. When and how to start insulin therapy are not one-size-fits-all decisions but rather must be individualized. This paper reviews the indications, goals, and options for insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes. ...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Brateanu A,Russo-Alvarez G,Nielsen C

更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Focal acantholytic dyskeratosis consistent with the clinical and histological features of Darier's type of transient acantholytic dermatosis occurred in a man with myelodysplasia. Topical steroids and systemic antihistamines provided temporary and moderate relief from pruritus, but failed to control the dermatosis. ...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Rockley PF,Bergfeld WF,Tomecki KJ,Brydon JK

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In cases of low back pain, the goal is to detect serious problems and to prevent the pain from becoming chronic by promptly detecting risk factors. The authors lay out a simple, evidence-based approach to low back pain. ...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Bhangle SD,Sapru S,Panush RS

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Much scientific and anecdotal data demonstrate favorable metabolic responses to very-low-carbohydrate diets. We believe that very-low-carbohydrate diets merit further study for weight loss, and that criticisms of these diets lack scientific evidence. ...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Volek JS,Westman EC

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fraud in scientific research is a widespread problem. It can involve falsifying data or documents, or knowingly failing to comply with regulations protecting research participants. Fraud can be committed by individuals, institutions, or corporations; in the context of research, fraud often is motivated by consideratio...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Sheehan JG

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Coronary artery disease is different in women than in men in its pathogenesis, symptoms, and prognosis. Needed is a strategy for detecting and assessing coronary disease specifically in women. This review highlights recent evidence on sex differences in coronary artery disease. ...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Bellasi A,Raggi P,Merz CN,Shaw LJ

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most patients find some relief with current agents, even though a poor understanding of the causes of chronic primary headache limits prophylaxis and treatment. The author reviews current preventive and treatment strategies for migraine, chronic tension headache, cluster headache, and substance withdrawal headache. ...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Solomon GD

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The metabolic syndrome is likely to develop in patients in whom genetic predisposition, chronic stress, negative emotion, and unhealthy lifestyle habits converge. In light of the psychophysiologic aspect of most of these factors, biofeedback, relaxation, and other psychophysiologic interventions have been studied and ...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： McGrady A

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The American Heart Association issued a science advisory on depression and coronary heart disease (CHD) in 2008. This paper reviews the purpose and content of the advisory and discusses reactions and new information that have followed the advisory's release. Both the advisory and subsequent data support routine screen...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Bigger JT,Glassman AH

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemiologic and experimental data suggest that isoflavones have benefits for preventing and treating some prostate disease. Isoflavone supplements may therefore be an important tool for men concerned about prostate disease, such as those with benign prostatic hypertrophy undergoing watchful waiting or those concerne...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Gaynor ML

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Shiga toxin hemolytic uremic syndrome, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, and antiphospholipid syndrome are thrombotic microangiopathies that present similarly but arise from different causes. Management depends on distinguishing them promptly and providing targeted therapy. ...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Appel GB

更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Numerous immunomodulating agents are currently being studied in clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19, including interferon therapies. Interferons are naturally occurring host antiviral proteins upstream of the inflammatory pathway that are released by host cells in response to the presence of viral pathogens....

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Calabrese LH,Lenfant T,Calabrese C

更新日期：2020-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclospora cayetanensis, an emerging pathogen with worldwide distribution, causes diarrhea in both immunocompetent and HIV-infected patients. We review the epidemiology of Cyclospora infection and how to diagnose and treat it. ...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Gumbo T,Gordon SM,Adal KA

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Depression has been linked to cardiovascular disease and cognitive impairment, including Alzheimer disease, but the exact nature of the relationship is poorly understood. Although depression seems to progress little after the onset of Alzheimer disease, depression in earlier life increases the risk of dementia and cog...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Wint D

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although a low level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is a useful clinical predictor of coronary heart disease, raising the HDL cholesterol level does not necessarily lower this risk. Part of the explanation for this paradox may be that, under certain conditions, HDL either can be less functional as an an...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Ansell BJ

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exercise stress electrocardiography is unreliable as a test for obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) if the patient has left bundle branch block. The authors provide an algorithm for using alternative tests: exercise stress echocardiography, dobutamine echocardiography, computed tomographic (CT) angiography, and ...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Xu B,Cremer P,Jaber W,Moir S,Harb SC,Rodriguez LL

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Stereotactic and computer-assisted techniques have revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of many disorders of the brain by directing surgical instruments, the surgeon's hands, or focused radiation to an imaged target along predefined routes. METHODS:This report reviews the basic principles and techniqu...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Gomez H,Barnett GH,Estes ML,Palmer J,Magdinec M

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Abnormal hemodynamic responses to exercise treadmill testing may indicate an increased risk of coronary events and death, even if evidence of ischemia is absent. Exercise duration and the blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rhythm responses to exercise have prognostic significance. ...

journal_title：Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine

authors： Miller TD

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00