Children--unique and vulnerable. Environmental risks facing children and recommendations for response.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Tungsten carbide nanoparticles are being explored for their use in the manufacture of hard metals. To develop nanoparticles for broad applications, potential risks to human health and the environment should be evaluated and taken into consideration. OBJECTIVE:We aimed to assess the toxicity of well-characte...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Bastian S,Busch W,Kühnel D,Springer A,Meissner T,Holke R,Scholz S,Iwe M,Pompe W,Gelinsky M,Potthoff A,Richter V,Ikonomidou C,Schirmer K

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Millions of people worldwide are living in areas where ozone (O3) concentrations exceed health standards (an hourly average of 235 micrograms/m3/0.12 ppm, not to be exceeded more than once per year). Ozone induces acute nasal inflammatory responses and significant epithelial lesions in experimental animals and humans....

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Calderon-Garcidueñas L,Rodriguez-Alcaraz A,Garcia R,Sanchez G,Barragan G,Camacho R,Ramirez L

更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The general methods used to complete measurements of human exposures are identified and illustrations are provided for the cases of indirect and direct methods used for exposure analysis. The application of the techniques for external measurements of exposure, microenvironmental and personal monitors, are placed in th...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Lioy PJ

更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Global climate change is anticipated to reduce future cereal yields and threaten food security, thus potentially increasing the risk of undernutrition. The causation of undernutrition is complex, and there is a need to develop models that better quantify the potential impacts of climate change on population ...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Lloyd SJ,Kovats RS,Chalabi Z

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many thousand organic compounds are in common use and new ones introduced daily. With many of these materials, little is known about their toxic hazard. For years scientists have been investigating the relation of structure and properties to biological activity. Among the factors relating to toxicity are bioaccumulati...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Freed VH,Chiou CT,Schmedding D,Kohnert R

更新日期：1979-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The problems of quantitating chrysotile in water by fiber count techniques are reviewed briefly and the use of mass quantitation is suggested as a preferable measure. Chrysotile fiber has been found in almost every sample of natural water examined, but generally transmission electron miscroscopy (TEM) is required beca...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Speil S

更新日期：1974-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:We characterized an endocrine disruptor from ground corncob bedding material that interferes with male and female sexual behavior and ovarian cyclicity in rats and stimulates estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and ER-negative breast cancer cell proliferation. The agents were identified as an isomeric mixture of...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Markaverich BM,Crowley J,Rodriquez M,Shoulars K,Thompson T

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) has been consistently associated with preterm birth (PTB) to varying degrees, but roles of PM2.5 species have been less studied. OBJECTIVE:We estimated risk differences (RD) of PTB (reported per 106 pregnancies) associated with change in ambient co...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Rappazzo KM,Daniels JL,Messer LC,Poole C,Lobdell DT

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a family of persistent organic contaminants suspected to cause adverse effects in wildlife and humans. In rodents, PCBs bind to the aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) and pregnane X receptors (PXR) inducing the expression of catabolic cytochrome p450 enzymes of the CYP1A and 3A families. We fo...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Tabb MM,Kholodovych V,Grün F,Zhou C,Welsh WJ,Blumberg B

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Research often suffers from overspecialization, a practice nurtured in academia and reinforced by funders. Indeed, investigators in household air pollution (HAP) and water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH), working in poor parts of the world, rarely interact despite having similar training and using similar met...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Clasen T,Smith KR

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Relative potencies for 30 compounds scheduled for carcinogenic testing in the 2-year rodent bioassays were estimated based on comparisons with a wide variety of bioassay data for benzo[a]pyrene, nicotine, cisplatin, aflatoxin B1, and cyclophosphamide. Potential for oncogenic transformation of each of the compounds was...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Jones TD,Easterly CE

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The fundamental problems in population monitoring for genetic effects are twofold: the binomialized nature of the data and the lower power due to small risk of finding positive results. The binomial character is artificial, even forced, and can with advantage be replaced by more refined analysis, and by a focus on all...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Murphy EA

更新日期：1981-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Climate influences dengue ecology by affecting vector dynamics, agent development, and mosquito/human interactions. Although these relationships are known, the impact climate change will have on transmission is unclear. Climate-driven statistical and process-based models are being used to refine our knowledg...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Morin CW,Comrie AC,Ernst K

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Differences in genetic susceptibility to hazardous chemicals affect individuals of both human and nonhuman populations. In both cases, differences in response to chemicals or general ill health result as a function of these differences in genetic susceptibility. However, ecological systems are a compilation of hundred...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Burger J

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Erythropoietic cells in bone marrow are vulnerable to cytotoxic substances. There are three types of erythroid precursors: cells that can take up Fe but do not proliferate (reticulocytes), those that can take up Fe and proliferate (normoblasts and pronormoblasts), and those cells that do not take up Fe but can prolife...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Lee EW,Kocsis JJ,Snyder R

更新日期：1981-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Although from a societal point of view a modal shift from car to bicycle may have beneficial health effects due to decreased air pollution emissions, decreased greenhouse gas emissions, and increased levels of physical activity, shifts in individual adverse health effects such as higher exposure to air pollu...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Johan de Hartog J,Boogaard H,Nijland H,Hoek G

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The phthalate acid esters (PAEs), and, in particular, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and its monoester, monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), can adversely affect rodent testes but only at high doses. Rat gonadal zinc levels can be decreased by the injection of DEHP, but not MEHP. The rat prostate gland seems to be part...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Thomas JA,Curto KA,Thomas MJ

更新日期：1982-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Associations between airborne particles and health outcomes have been documented worldwide; however, there is limited information regarding health effects associated with different particle sizes. OBJECTIVES:We explored the association between size-fractionated particle number concentrations (PNCs) and dail...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Meng X,Ma Y,Chen R,Zhou Z,Chen B,Kan H

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Animal studies suggest that early-life lead exposure influences gene expression and production of proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVES:We attempted to assess the relationship between early-life lead exposure and potential biomarkers for AD among young men and women. We also attempte...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Mazumdar M,Xia W,Hofmann O,Gregas M,Ho Sui S,Hide W,Yang T,Needleman HL,Bellinger DC

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This working paper summarizes the known ultrastructural and biochemical effects of lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic on subcellular organelle systems following in vivo administration. Documented metal-induced alterations in nuclear, mitochondrial, microsomal, and lysosomal functions are discussed in relation to thei...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Fowler BA

更新日期：1978-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper examines behavioral changes in natural populations of wildlife associated with pollution. Although some changes such as lack of nest attentiveness and decreased nest defense have been noted, the results have not been consistent and have been difficult to relate to specific pollutants. Experimental studies i...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Peakall DB

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inorganic particulate matter in foods and drugs is discussed from the standpoint of determination by optical microscopy, source, and regulatory significance. Some particulate matter may be generated as extraneous material and traced to specific operational practices during processing and production with excessive leve...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Eisenberg WV

更新日期：1974-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are positively related to incidence of ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP). Increased severe storm frequency may create more habitat for ciguatoxic organisms. Although climate change could expand the endemic range of CFP, the relationship between CFP incidence and specific env...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Gingold DB,Strickland MJ,Hess JJ

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Along the Texas-Mexico border, the prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs) among Mexican-American women doubled during 1990-1991. The human outbreak began during the same crop year as epizootics attributed to exposure to fumonisin, a mycotoxin that often contaminates corn. Because Mexican Americans in Texas consume l...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Missmer SA,Suarez L,Felkner M,Wang E,Merrill AH Jr,Rothman KJ,Hendricks KA

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Green turtle fibropapillomatosis (GTFP) is a growing threat to the survival of green turtle (Chelonia mydas) populations worldwide. Recent transmission studies point to an infectious etiology. Several field studies suggest that high GTFP prevalence is associated with marine habitats that have been impacted by agricult...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Herbst LH,Klein PA

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Early-life exposure to lead is associated with deficits in neurodevelopment and with hematopoietic system toxicity. DNA methylation may be one of the underlying mechanisms for the adverse effects of prenatal lead on the offspring, but epigenome-wide methylation data for low levels of prenatal lead exposure a...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Wu S,Hivert MF,Cardenas A,Zhong J,Rifas-Shiman SL,Agha G,Colicino E,Just AC,Amarasiriwardena C,Lin X,Litonjua AA,DeMeo DL,Gillman MW,Wright RO,Oken E,Baccarelli AA

更新日期：2017-08-25 00:00:00

abstract：:This article briefly summarizes the epidemiology of the health effects of fine particulate air pollution, provides an early, somewhat speculative, discussion of the contribution of epidemiology to evaluating biologic mechanisms, and evaluates who's at risk or is susceptible to adverse health effects. Based on prelimin...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Pope CA 3rd

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reaction of chromium(VI) with one equivalent of ascorbate was studied by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in the presence of 0.10 M 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide (DMPO) at room temperature in 0.10 M (N-[2-hydroxyethyl]piperazine-N'-[2-ethanesulfonic acid]) (HEPES) and 0.05 M tris(hydroxymethyl)aminometh...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Stearns DM,Courtney KD,Giangrande PH,Phieffer LS,Wetterhahn KE

更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This subject concerns the complex interrelationship of a genetically determined protein deficiency, enzymes which are inhibited by that protein, environmental challenges such as cigarette smoke and industrial pollutants, and the occurrence of obstructive lung disease (Fig. 1). Unequivocal establishment of an etiologic...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Evans HE,Bognacki N

更新日期：1979-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The upward trend in industrial nations in the incidence of male genitourinary (GU) conditions may be attributed to increased exposure to endocrine disruptors. Polybrominated biphenyl (PBB), a brominated flame retardant, is one such suspected endocrine disruptor. OBJECTIVE:We investigated the relationship be...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Small CM,DeCaro JJ,Terrell ML,Dominguez C,Cameron LL,Wirth J,Marcus M

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00