Abstract:
:This article examines recent developments in Australian and English common law relating to negligently occasioned psychiatric illness (nervous shock) in the light of advances in understanding of aetiology, neurophysiology and psychology of emotional injury. The legal analysis focuses on the modern concept of proximity relationship between the plaintiff and the defendant. The courts use the notion of proximity to determine the existence of duty of care in cases involving liability of the defendant for the negligent infliction of 'mere' nervous shock; that is where the plaintiff who had not been present at the site of the accident in which a close relative or a co-worker has been negligently killed or injured, claims to have suffered a lasting psychoneurosis or a psychosomatic illness as a result of a sudden and severe emotional distress occasioned by the defendant's wrongful act. Cases from the US, [1] Canada, [2] South Africa [3] and New Zealand [4] are not discussed; to include them would have involved too much exposition in comparison to their influence upon the development of the law of nervous shock. Nevertheless, since the developments described below concern the core question of law, the nature and the ambit of defendant's liability for unintentionally occasioned psychiatric damage, they will have to be considered in any jurisdiction in which this question arises.
journal_name
J Psychosom Resjournal_title
Journal of psychosomatic researchauthors
Mendelson Ddoi
10.1016/0022-3999(95)00012-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-08-01 00:00:00pages
721-35issue
6eissn
0022-3999issn
1879-1360pii
0022-3999(95)00012-8journal_volume
39pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::As part of a general health survey of a small New Zealand town, the Crow-Crisp Experiential Index, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, a shortened version of the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire, and the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale were administered to 1173 subjects over the age of 15. Blood pre...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0022-3999(86)90014-0
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to collate all works relating to delirium and probable delirium in children and adolescents published since 1980. METHODS:A systematic review of the literature in all languages published between 1980 and March 2009 was conducted. RESULTS:The literature is limited to small case...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.10.011
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:In recent years, a good deal of serious research has been carried out on the hypothesized presence of generalized hypervigilance to sensory stimulation in fibromyalgia (FM). However, there are no studies which, following an operationalization of generalized hypervigilance as a propensity to attend to any task...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.05.002
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role of Pavlovian conditioning and expectancy and of gender on the nocebo effects. METHODS:Conditioning experiment: Forty-eight healthy male and female volunteers were investigated for 3 days using a standard rotation procedure. Subjects in the experimental group received a salient oral st...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.09.019
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This article addresses three reliability issues that are problematic in the construction of scales intended for use in psychosomatic research, illustrates how these problems may lead to errors, and suggests solutions. METHODS:We used psychometric results and present five computational studies. The first, thi...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.11.002
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) was administered to 268 subjects following electrical stimulation to pain-tolerance limits. Subjects received stimulation under four social modeling conditions: tolerant, intolerant, control, and no model. The number of factors and degree of obliqueness most appropriate for the MPQ ...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0022-3999(86)90085-1
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders Patient Health Questionnaire (PRIME-MD PHQ-9) is a common screening tool designed to facilitate detection of depression according to DSM-IV criteria. However, the factor structure of the PHQ-9 within the palliative care population has not been evaluated. METHO...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.12.012
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We explored the extent to which changes in emotional states following exposure to images of idealized bodies predict unhealthy body change attitudes and behaviors in women and men, and whether particular psychological traits mediate these effects. METHOD:One hundred thirty-three women and 93 men were assesse...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.11.001
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to summarize the available literature on the effectiveness of ambulatory nurse-led case management for complex patients in general health care. METHOD:We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and Cinahl. We included randomized controlled trials, controll...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.10.015
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a retrospective study as part of a larger study 419 male patients with bronchial carcinoma were questioned by means of a 'biographical questionnaire' concerning their life history, their personality, and their approach to life. Furthermore questions with regard to their smoking habits (tobacco smoke condensate expo...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0022-3999(84)90023-0
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the associations between social network size and subsequent long-term health behaviour patterns, as indicated by alcohol use, smoking, and physical activity. METHODS:Repeat data from up to six surveys over a 15- or 20-year follow-up were drawn from the Finnish Public Sector study (Raisio-Turku c...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.06.003
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Following the 1991 Gulf War (GW) there was much controversy surrounding service-related health effects. Evidence from the Vietnam experience suggested that self-reported ill health following that conflict might be related to how service during the conflict is framed. The aim of this article is to determine i...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.01.002
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine self-harm risk across the adult age range in patients diagnosed with various physical illnesses using the General Practice Research Database - a broadly representative sample of all people registered with a family practice in the United Kingdom. METHODS:We conducted a large nested case-control stu...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.05.010
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Previous studies demonstrated that a history of childhood trauma is linked to mental disorders in adulthood, particularly to depression. Adverse childhood experiences are also considered to contribute to the risk of hypochondriasis, but the results of previous studies have not been conclusive with respect to ...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.06.004
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To develop and validate a brief screening tool for predicting functional somatic symptoms (FSS) based on clinical and non-clinical information from the general practitioner referral letter, and to assess its inter-rater reliability. METHODS:The derivation sample consisted of 357 consecutive patients referred...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.10.004
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A group of 104 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was followed longitudinally for 6 months. While anxiety and depression scores were influenced over time by changes in the level of disease activity, there was no significant change in alexithymia scores. The findings support the contention that alexithymia ...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(96)00221-8
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Some peer reviewers may inappropriately, or coercively request that authors include references to the reviewers' own work. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether, compared to reviews for a journal with single-blind peer review, reviews for a journal with open peer review included (1) fewer self-c...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.08.004
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pattern of complaints of patients with the hyperventilation syndrome (HVS) was studied on the basis of the Nijmegen HVS Questionnaire (van Doorn, Colla, Folgering). This list was completed by 75 patients with the clinical diagnosis HVS. Non-metric principal components analysis (NMPCA) showed that the structure was...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0022-3999(85)90042-x
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The transplanted organ is a key element of the recipient's daily life. But its representations are neither spontaneously expressed by patients, nor taken into account by transplantation professionals. Our objective was to assess specifically the transplanted organ representations in liver transplant recipient...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.07.012
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tourette syndrome (TS) is a disorder of chronic motor and vocal tics that begins in childhood. METHODS:A systematic Medline search was conducted to identify existing anatomical imaging studies in persons with TS. RESULTS:Thirty studies were identified, and their methods and findings were reviewed. Findings...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.07.005
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Failure to effectively reassure patients can lead to patients becoming distressed and seeking further medical care. Whilst existing studies have identified that patients' psychological and demographic characteristics can impact patient reassurance, little research has explored specific predictors of patient r...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.09.009
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Depression, one of the most prevalent and disabling disorders in Europe, is thought to be associated with unhealthy eating styles. As prevalence of depression and eating styles potentially differ across Europe, the current study aimed to investigate in a large, European sample, the associations of history of ...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.03.003
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Somatoform disorders are characterized by the presence of multiple somatic symptoms. While the accuracy of perceiving bodily signal (interoceptive awareness) is only sparely investigated in somatoform disorders, recent research has associated autonomic imbalance with cognitive and emotional difficulties in s...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2011.03.012
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated differences between overweight binge eating women who reported the onset of binge eating prior to or following the onset of dieting (binged first [BF], or dieted first [DF]). Of overweight binge eating subjects enrolled in a treatment study, 38.7% indicated binge eating first, and 48.1% dieting...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(97)00261-4
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Electrical injuries can produce physical, neurological, and neuropsychological sequelae that exist even in the total absence of a theoretical current path that includes the brain. Diffuse electrical injury (DEI) is a rarely occurring class of electrical injury (EI) that can occur even after low-voltage contac...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.06.001
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study is to assess the association of psychological, as well as physical and sociodemographic, indicators with patients' ratings of personal health status and diabetes control and to investigate the association of mental health and depression with errors in the perception of diabetes control. ...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.08.004
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Taking into account neuroticism and lifestyle variables (smoking and alcohol consumption), cardiovascular and psychological reactions to stressful films were studied in four groups of subjects selected on self-reported levels of recent stressor load and symptom complaints (low-load/low-symptoms: low-load/high-symptoms...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0022-3999(95)00516-1
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Disturbances in sleep continuity are common among individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) and can impact the course of depression and response to treatment. Several studies have examined depressive symptom severity among sleep-disordered patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In contrast, littl...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.03.011
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Cannabis is a widely used substance that may be becoming more socially accepted, legally tolerated, and utilized by younger individuals. This review explores the relationship between cannabis and the onset of psychosis as well as the policy ramifications of current research. METHOD:This article synthesizes p...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.04.002
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous studies have suggested an immunological dysfunction in bipolar disorder, but none has investigated the temporal association between allergic rhinitis (AR) and bipolar disorder. METHODS:Using Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, 9506 adolescents aged 12-18 years with allergic rhinitis...
journal_title:Journal of psychosomatic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.08.009
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00