Abstract:
:The findings of studies investigating whether exposures to ionizing radiation before birth, either pre- or post-conception, increase the risk of childhood cancer have provoked much scientific controversy. An epidemiological association between the abdominal exposure of pregnant women to diagnostic X-rays and childhood cancer was first reported in the 1950s, while an association between the recorded dose of radiation received occupationally by fathers before the conception of their offspring and childhood leukemia was reported only recently in 1990. The scientific interpretation of these particular statistical associations is by no means straightforward, but the latest analyses of intrauterine irradiation and childhood cancer indicate that a causal inference is likely. Scientific committees have adopted risk coefficients for the intrauterine exposure of somatic tissues, which for childhood leukemia are comparable to those accepted for exposure in infancy, although questions remain about the level of risk of childhood solid tumors imparted by exposure to radiation in utero and shortly after birth. In contrast, the association between paternal preconceptional radiation dose and childhood leukemia has not been confirmed by studies using objectively determined doses. The original association has been found to be restricted to children born in one village, it does not extend to cancers other than leukemia, and it is markedly inconsistent with the established body of knowledge on radiation-induced hereditary disease. A causal interpretation of this association has effectively been abandoned by scientific authorities.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Wakeford Rdoi
10.1289/ehp.951031018subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-11-01 00:00:00pages
1018-25issue
11eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
103pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Preimplantation embryo loss during oviduct transit has been observed in adult mice after a 5-day neonatal exposure to the phytoestrogen genistein (Gen; 50 mg/kg/day). OBJECTIVE:We investigated the mechanisms underlying the contribution of the oviduct to infertility. METHODS:Female mice were treated on post...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1104018
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies show that young children can be exposed to pesticides during normal oral exploration of their environment and their level of dermal contact with floors and other surfaces. Children living in agricultural areas may be exposed to higher pesticide levels than other children because of pesticides tracked in...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107s3409
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association of malignant mesothelioma (MM) and nonoccupational asbestos exposure is currently debated. Our study investigates environmental and domestic asbestos exposure in the city where the largest Italian asbestos cement (AC) factory was located. This population-based case-control study included pleural MM (hi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.01109915
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological studies examining the association between exposure to tap water contaminants (such as chlorination by-products) and disease outcomes (such as cancer and adverse reproductive outcomes) have been limited by inaccurate exposure assessment. Failure to take into account the variation in beverage and tap wat...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9810655
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP507.]. ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1289/EHP3422
更新日期:2018-02-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Love Canal is a rectangular 16-acre, 10-ft deep chemical waste landfill situated in a residential neighborhood in Niagara Falls, New York. This seriously contaminated site first came to public attention in 1978. No studies have examined mortality in the former residents of the Love Canal neighborhood (LC...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11350
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article provides an overview of the problem of genetic susceptibility to childhood cancer with a particular emphasis on problems with ascertaining inherited cancer risk and the role of tumor-suppressor gene mutations in cancer predispositions. The association between neurofibromatosis type 1 and childhood leukemi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106801
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In a 1994 Ninth Circuit decision on the remand of Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Judge Alex Kosinski wrote that science done for the purpose of litigation should be subject to more stringent standards of admissibility than other science. OBJECTIVES:We analyze this proposition by considering l...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9987
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Green spaces have been associated with both health benefits and risks in children; however, available evidence simultaneously investigating these conflicting influences, especially in association with different types of greenness, is scarce. OBJECTIVES:We aimed to simultaneously evaluate health benefits and...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1308038
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Surface IR (infrared) modes of crystalline and fumed (amorphous) silica particles, calcined at temperatures up to 1095 degrees C, have been studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The ability of these same particles to lyse cells has been measured by a hemolysis protocol. The untreated crystalline and amor...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9086327
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Assessing cumulative effects of the multiple environmental factors influencing mortality remains a challenging task. OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to examine the associations between cumulative environmental quality and all-cause and leading cause-specific (heart disease, cancer, and stroke) mortality rates. ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP119
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preterm delivery can lead to serious infant health outcomes, including death and lifelong disability. Small increases in preterm delivery risk in relation to spatial gradients of air pollution have been reported, but previous studies may have controlled inadequately for individual factors. Using a time-series analysis...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7646
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemicals, including commonly used drugs (e.g., penicillin, meprobamate, pyridium, and mercaptomerin) penetrate and persist for some time in the ovarian follicular fluid at concentrations approximately similar to that of the serum. Information as to the penetration of chemicals into the granulosa cells and into the oo...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.782425
更新日期:1978-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The many anatomical, physiological, and biochemical differences among various mammalian species make it difficult to extrapolate carcinogenic potency data from animals to humans. The process is further complicated by the multistep origin of most malignant tumors in animals and humans due to the interaction of target c...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.887773
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::N-Substituted aromatic compounds can be metabolized in most species to N-acetylated derivatives that are themselves subject to further enzymatic transformations, including hydrolysis and N,O-acyltransfer. These proceses can either potentiate or ameliorate the biological responses to these N-substituted derivatives. De...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.834943
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tungsten carbide nanoparticles are being explored for their use in the manufacture of hard metals. To develop nanoparticles for broad applications, potential risks to human health and the environment should be evaluated and taken into consideration. OBJECTIVE:We aimed to assess the toxicity of well-characte...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0800121
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Short-term increases in ambient air pollution have been associated with an increased incidence of acute cardiac events. We assessed the effect of inhalation exposure to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) on myocardial ischemia in a canine model of coronary artery occlusion. Six mongrel dogs underwent thoracotomy fo...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.5775
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::According to current data, the capacity to cause nonprogrammed or unscheduled cell proliferation in target tissues, a common characteristic of chemical carcinogens, may play a more important role in the development of tumors than does genotoxicity. This paper provides strong support for the validity of this conclusion...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.9610440
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data from experiments on the induction of specific-locus mutations in model systems are used in genetic risk assessment to estimate potential adverse effects in the human population. In such assessments with radiation or chemical mutagens, the following information is required: a) spontaneous and induced forward-mutat...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s183
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated that high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of ground corncob bedding extracts characterized two components (peak I and peak II) that disrupted endocrine function in male and female rats and stimulated breast and prostate cancer cell proliferation in vitr...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8231
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endocrine disruption from environmental contaminants has been linked to a broad spectrum of adverse outcomes. One concern about endocrine-disrupting xenobiotics is the potential for additive or synergistic (i.e., greater-than-additive) effects of mixtures. A short-term dosing model to examine the effects of environmen...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8195
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of respirable aerosols of sulfuric acid, ammonium sulfate, sodium sulfite, and ammonium persulfate on lungs of rats are reviewed. The literature regarding interactions between ozone or nitrogen dioxide and acidic aerosols (ammonium sulfate, sulfuric acid) is discussed. An unexpected interaction between nitroge...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8979115
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adapting to extreme heat is becoming more critical as our climate changes. Previous research reveals that very few communities in the United States have programs to sufficiently prevent health problems during hot weather. OBJECTIVE:Our goal was to examine county-level local heat preparedness and response in...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1306693
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the study was to determine whether the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) associated with drinking water disinfection by-products was modified in the presence of variants in genes involved in the metabolism of trihalomethanes (THMs). We included a subset of cases from a population-base...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.02110591
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hypothesis has been put forward that humans and wildlife species adverse suffered adverse health effects after exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Reported adverse effects include declines in populations, increases in cancers, and reduced reproductive function. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency spon...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.96104s4715
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A major challenge in the emerging field of toxicogenomics is to define the relationships between chemically induced changes in gene expression and alterations in conventional toxicologic parameters such as clinical chemistry and histopathology. We have explored these relationships in detail using the rodent uterotroph...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/txg.7345
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The carcinogenic activities of sodium chlorite in B6C3F1 mice were examined. Sodium chlorite was given at concentrations of 0 (control), 0.025% (low dose), or 0.05% (high dose) in the drinking water of 150 female and 150 male mice for 80 weeks, after which time the animals were returned to distilled water without sodi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8776205
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adverse cardiorespiratory health is associated with exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM). The highest PM concentrations in London occur in proximity to waste transfer stations (WTS), sites that experience high numbers of dust-laden, heavy-duty diesel vehicles transporting industrial and household wast...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0901303
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids, myomas) are the most common tumors occurring in the genital tract of women over 30 years of age. These benign uterine smooth-muscle tumors are estimated to be clinically significant in at least 25% of the American female population during their reproductive years. Furthermore, when thorou...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s5769
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Attention has been focussed, both in man and experimental animals, on the effects of inhalation of the gas monomer, vinyl chloride. Recently, note is being taken of the possible effects of the inhalation of the polymer in man. The particles in question are those produced commercially as paste polymer or dispersion pol...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.814183
更新日期:1981-10-01 00:00:00