Abstract:
:1. Surgically resected tissue from the tip of the human temporal lobe of seven patients undergoing temporal lobectomy was employed to study functional properties of GABAergic inhibition mediated through activation of GABAA receptors, using patch-clamp recording techniques in acutely isolated neurons and in slices of human temporal cortex. 2. Human temporal cortical pyramidal neurons from surgically resected tissue could be acutely isolated with the use of conventional methods. These neurons appeared normal in morphology, in their intrinsic membrane properties, and in their response to application of exogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). 3. Application of GABA to acutely isolated human temporal cortical neurons elicited a large current with an average reversal potential of -65 mV, presumably mediated through a GABAA-activated chloride conductance. Application of varying concentrations of GABA generated a concentration/response relationship that could be well-fitted by a conventional sigmoidal curve, with an EC50 of 25.5 microM and a Hill coefficient of 1.0 4. Coapplication of the benzodiazepine clonazepam and 10 microM GABA augmented the amplitude of the GABA response. The concentration dependence of this benzodiazepine augmentation could be best-fitted by an equation assuming that the benzodiazepine interacted with two distinct binding sites, with differing potencies. The high-potency site had an EC50 of 0.06 nM and maximally contributed 38.5% augmentation to the total effect of clonazepam. The lower potency site had an EC50 of 16.4 nM, and contributed 66.1% maximal augmentation to the overall effect of clonazepam. These data derived from adult human temporal cortical neurons were very similar to our findings in adult rat sensory cortical neurons. 5. The effects of equimolar concentrations (100 nM) of clonazepam, a BZ1 and BZ2 agonist, and zolpidem, a selective BZ1 agonist, on acutely isolated human temporal cortical neurons were also investigated. Zolpidem and clonazepam were equally effective (71.5 vs. 65.0%, respectively) in potentiating GABA responses elicited by application of 10 microM GABA. This suggests that many of the functional benzodiazepine receptors in these neurons were of the BZ1 variety. 6. GABAergic synaptic inhibition was also studied with the use of patch-clamp recordings in slices of human temporal cortex. Extracellular stimulation at the white matter/gray matter border elicited compound synaptic events in layer II-V cortical neurons. These events usually consisted of an early excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and a late multiphasic inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP). Application of either clonazepam or zolpidem (both at 100 nM) to the slice during extracellular stimulation reversibly augmented the late compound IPSP. 7. Spontaneous IPSPs were also recorded in approximately 50% of human temporal cortical neurons. These events did not have a preceding EPSP and were usually monopolar, with a single exponential rise and decay. This supported the idea that these events were triggered by spontaneous activity of GABAergic interneurons. Bath application of either clonazepam or zolpidem (both at 100nM) to the slice during ongoing spontaneous IPSP activity increased the amplitude and lengthened the time constant of decay of these events. 8. To our knowledge, this is one of the first detailed characterizations of the functional properties of GABAA-mediated inhibition in human cortical neurons using patch-clamp recordings in both isolated cells and slices of resected temporal cortex. Isolated pyramidal neurons exhibited GABAA-mediated currents that were comparable in many aspects with GABA currents recorded from adult rat cortical neurons, including similar GABA concentration/response curves, and similar two differing potency site effects for clonazepam augmentation of GABA currents. In addition, evoked and spontaneous IPSPs recorded in human cortical neurons appeared similar to IPSPs in rat cortical
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Gibbs JW 3rd,Zhang YF,Kao CQ,Holloway KL,Oh KS,Coulter DAdoi
10.1152/jn.1996.75.4.1458subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-04-01 00:00:00pages
1458-71issue
4eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598journal_volume
75pub_type
杂志文章abstract::1. The tension produced by the combined stimulation of two to four single motor units of the cat tibialis posterior muscle was compared with the algebraic sum of the tensions produced by each individual motor unit. Comparisons were made under isometric conditions and during imposed changes in muscle length. 2. Under i...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1991.66.6.1838
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was prompted by recent evidence for the existence of positive force feedback in feline locomotor control. Our aim was to establish some basic properties of positive force feedback in relation to load compensation, stability, intrinsic muscle properties, and interaction with displacement feedback. In human s...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.6.3226
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms behind the therapeutic effects of electrical stimulation of the brain in epilepsy and other disorders are poorly understood. Previous studies in vitro have shown that uniform electric fields can suppress epileptiform activity through a direct polarizing effect on neuronal membranes. Such an effect depen...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00887.2012
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Motoneurons receive synaptic inputs from tens of thousands of connections that cause membrane potential to fluctuate continuously (synaptic noise), which introduces variability in discharge times of action potentials. We hypothesized that the influence of synaptic noise on force steadiness during voluntary contraction...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00938.2011
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) is thought to control torsional and vertical head posture. Unilateral microstimulation of the INC evokes torsional head rotation to positions that are maintained until stimulation offset. Unilateral INC inactivation evokes head position-holding deficits with the head tilted in t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.90363.2008
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. A previous study measured the relative contributions made by regularly and irregularly discharging afferents to the monosynaptic vestibular nerve (Vi) input of individual secondary neurons located in and around the superior vestibular nucleus of barbiturate-anesthetized squirrel monkeys. Here, the analysis is exten...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1992.68.2.471
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This research was guided by the working hypothesis that the aging auditory system progressively loses its ability to process rapid acoustic transients efficiently, and in elderly listeners, this results in difficulties in speech perception. Neural correlates of age-related deficits in temporal processing were investig...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2002.88.2.565
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primary motor cortex has been studied for more than a century, yet a consensus on its functional contribution to movement control is still out of reach. In particular, there remains controversy as to the level of control produced by motor cortex ("low-level" movement dynamics vs. "high-level" movement kinematics) and ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/jn.00795.2016
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The synaptic inputs to sustained OFF-center ganglion cells of the mudpuppy retina were studied using a superfused retina-eye-cup preparation. Intra- and extracellular electrophysiological recording techniques were carried out during bath application of 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB), a glutamate analog that sele...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1988.60.3.1122
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00685.2016
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Spike rates of cells in the cat's lateral superior olive (LSO) depend on interaural level differences (ILDs) and envelope interaural time differences (ITDs) of amplitude-modulated tones presented to both ears. We previously proposed that these sensitivities arise from a common mechanism, which is the IE binaural in...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.4.2137
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The electrical threshold of the terminations of single group Ia and II afferent fibers was transiently reduced by the antidromic discharge of the initial segment of spinal motoneurons in the cat. 2. This depolarization of the terminals of afferent fibers known to synapse on motoneurons confirms previous observation...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1979.42.3.635
更新日期:1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The modulation of the voltage-activated Ca2+ current by the neuropeptide Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFa) was investigated in dissociated central neurons from Helix aspersa using whole-cell voltage-clamp recording techniques. External Ba2+ was always used as the charge carrier in this study, and the intracellular Ca2+ c...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1991.65.6.1517
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The amines dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and octopamine (Oct) each elicit a distinctive motor pattern from a quiescent pyloric network in the lobster stomatogastric ganglion (STG). We previously have demonstrated that these amines alter the synaptic strength at multiple, distributed sites within the pyloric network...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.78.6.3210
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well established that locomotor patterns result from the interaction between central pattern generating networks in the nervous system, local feedback from sensory neurons about movements and forces generated in the locomotor organs, and coordinating signals from neighboring segments or appendages. This review a...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/jn.00615.2004
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined how subjects plan speeded reaching movements when the precise target of the movement is not known at movement onset. Before each reach, subjects were given only a probability distribution on possible target positions. Only after completing part of the movement did the actual target appear. In separate expe...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00858.2007
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Less than two segments of the cervical spinal cord of the mudpuppy (Necturus maculatus) is sufficient to generate a locomotor rhythm with application of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA). We have recorded intracellularly from rhythmically active interneurons in these segments and classified them according to their ph...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.71.6.2025
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. In alpha-chloralose-anesthetized cats the region surrounding the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) of the thalamus was investigated to locate foci with input from the urinary bladder stimulated by application of intravesical pressure. The locations of the recording sites were verified in Nissl-stained histologic...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.70.2.482
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mouse is an important model system for investigating the neural circuits mediating behavior. Because of advances in imaging and optogenetic methods, head-fixed mouse preparations provide an unparalleled opportunity to observe and control neural circuits. To investigate how neural circuits produce behavior, these m...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00669.2012
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.6.3721
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The temporal lobe is well known for its oscillatory activity associated with exploration, navigation, and learning. Intrinsic membrane potential oscillations (MPOs) and resonance of stellate cells (SCs) in layer II of the entorhinal cortex are thought to contribute to network oscillations and thereby to the encoding o...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00743.2011
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ventromedial medulla is implicated in a variety of functions including nociceptive and cardiovascular modulation and the control of thermoregulation. To determine whether single microinjections into the ventromedial medulla elicit changes in one or multiple functional systems, the GABA(A) receptor antagonist bicuc...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00089.2004
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Motor imagery (MI) is a promising rehabilitation technique that has received significant interest for use in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). Through alterations in neural networks, MI has the potential to improve measures of walking speed, walking distance, and fatigue in people with MS. Further research is requ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using intrinsic signal optical imaging (ISI), we have shown previously that the point spread of evoked activity in the rat barrel cortex in response to single-whisker stimulation encompasses a surprisingly large area. Given that our typical stimulation consists of five deflections at 5 Hz, the large area of evoked act...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.81.2.692
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurons in monkey orbitofrontal cortex (OF) are known to respond to reward-predicting cues with a strength that depends on the value of the predicted reward as determined 1) by intrinsic attributes including size and quality and 2) by extrinsic factors including the monkey's state of satiation and awareness of what ot...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00373.2005
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Nonlinearity of spatial summation in areas 17 and 18 of cat visual cortex was compared with the type of spatial nonlinearity that differentiates X and Y cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and retina. The comparisons were made to examine to what extent the information from X and Y cells may remain separat...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1991.66.5.1667
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The discharges from individual Golgi tendon organs of peroneus tertius and brevis muscles were recorded in anesthetized cats. Responses to unfused isometric contractions of single motor units and combinations of motor units were compared with responses to contractions eliciting muscle shortening (i.e., shortening c...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1988.59.5.1510
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Injection of glutamate into the rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) capsule can reflexly induce a prolonged increase in the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the jaw muscles, however, the characteristics of TMJ afferents activated by glutamate have not been investigated. In the present study, we examined the effect of...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.6.2446
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::With each eye movement, stationary objects in the world change position on the retina, yet we perceive the world as stable. Spatial updating, or remapping, is one neural mechanism by which the brain compensates for shifts in the retinal image caused by voluntary eye movements. Remapping of a visual representation is b...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00189.2006
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent findings indicate that monkeys can report their confidence in perceptual decisions and that this information is encoded in neurons involved in making decisions, including the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) and the supplementary eye field (SEF). A key issue to consider when studying confidence is that decision...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00152.2018
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00