Abstract:
:Environmental pollution, primarily from industrialization, has caused significant adverse effects to humans, animals, and the ecosystem. Attempts have been made to reduce and prevent these pollutants through better waste management practices. Incineration is one such practice, which seeks to prevent adverse health impacts to future generations by destroying waste today, without increasing risk to those living near incineration facilities in the process. As with any industrial process, however, proper design and operation are important requirements to ensure the facility can be operated safely. Any technology that cannot be managed safely should not be considered acceptable. This paper reviews the scientific basis of past allegations associated with the process of hazardous waste incineration. These five case studies, which have attracted considerable public attention, have not been shown to be scientifically accurate of factually based. This paper attempts to separate fact from fiction and to show some of the consistent inaccuracies that were repeated throughout all five studies. In reviewing the above cases and others in the literature, several common elements become apparent. 1. Most of the reports are based on single newspaper articles, activist newsletters, interviews with admittedly biased respondents, and other secondary or inappropriate sources of information that do not withstand scientific scrutiny. 2. Research studies are quoted incompletely or out of context. Often the original point made by the researcher is the exact opposite of the impression left by Costner and Thornton. 3. In four of five cases, no data were supplied to substantiate the claims. As an observation, where substantive research data do not exist to support allegations of adverse health effects, a tendency seems to be increasing over time to make allegations and then not provide supporting data. Because public damage is often done simply by making the allegation, this tactic appears to be effective. Thus, unsubstantiated allegations should not go unchallenged. 4. A relatively small group of people appears to be consistently generating most of the allegations. 5. The format of the allegations tends to be similar; often just the name of the facility changes. 6. Furthermore, these same few individuals tend to repeat the same allegations about the same facilities, even after the allegations have been long since proven incorrect. Despite the widespread prevalence of incineration facilities around the world and the millions of tons of waste destroyed in them each year, surprisingly few reports of adverse health effects exist in the scientific literature relative to other types of waste management practices. 7. The existing reports do not indicate that hazardous waste incineration has widespread potential for adverse health effects. However, as with all industrial processes, care must be taken to ensure that facilities are well designed and well operated to minimize or prevent adverse health effects. As with all environmental exposures, potential impacts on public health need to be addressed scientifically. Making a scientifically valid connection between operation of an incinerator and resulting disease within a population is a difficult undertaking, requiring the combined efforts of toxicologists, epidemiologists, chemists, physicians, and persons in other disciplines. Nevertheless, concerns regarding potential impacts of incineration must be addressed and communicated, both accurately and effectively, if the actual risks of incineration are to become widely understood.
journal_name
Toxicol Ind Healthjournal_title
Toxicology and industrial healthauthors
Pleus RC,Kelly KEsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-03-01 00:00:00pages
277-87issue
2eissn
0748-2337issn
1477-0393journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::A preliminary study of dermal and respiratory exposure to chlorpyrifos (Dursban TC) during structural treatments was conducted with eight workers from a commercial pest control company. The compound was applied by sub-slab and soil injection to four houses, with each application involving two workers. Crawl space appl...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074823379000600301
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abstract::It has been found that exposure to manganese (Mn) could induce reproductive dysfunction, but its occupational risk in male workers is unclear. This study aims to assess the association of occupational Mn exposure with reproductive hormones and semen quality in a cross-sectional study. Urinary Mn, semen quality, and re...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748233718810109
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abstract::The US EPA and the California Air Resources Board studied the exposures of 51 residents of Los Angeles, CA to 25 volatile organic chemicals in air and drinking water in February and July of 1987. Participants carried a personal air monitor consisting of a Tenax cartridge and a small sampling pump for two consecutive 1...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
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abstract::Ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) is a known renal carcinogen and has been shown to adversely induce oxidative stress and tissue toxicity after both acute and chronic exposure. Present studies were designed to study the hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), a phenolic antioxidan...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
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doi:10.1177/0748233714554409
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abstract::Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONP) are manufactured on a large scale and can be found in a variety of consumer products, such as sunscreens, lotions, paints and food additives. Few studies have been carried out on its genotoxic potential and related mechanisms in whole organisms. In the present study, the in vivo genoto...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
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abstract::The objective of this study was to examine the potential of arsenate to induce cardiomyocyte cell death and to explore the cellular mechanisms of arsenate toxicity. Isolated cardiomyocytes in culture from embryonic chick hearts were treated with a pentavalent arsenic species (H3AsO4) or arsenate. Arsenate produced a s...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
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abstract::Lead is a heavy metal that affects various systems and organs in the body, especially the nervous system. In this study, the in vivo and in vitro effects of lead on neurons were analyzed. We divided mouse pups into three groups based on the concentration of lead exposure: the control group, the low-dose group, and the...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
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abstract::Female Macaca fascicularis monkeys were given daily oral doses of 3.0 and 4.25 mg/kg lead, as lead nitrate, prior to breeding, and exposure was maintained throughout gestation and terminated at parturition. No overt signs of lead toxicity were observed in the maternal monkeys. The offspring were tested at 6 to 18 mont...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074823378600200101
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study focuses on investigating the possible protective effect of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) and/or vitamin E against mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced hepatotoxicity in rat. Male rats were given HgCl2 (1 mg/kg body weight (bw)) and HgCl2 plus Na2SeO3 (0.25 mg/kg bw) and/or vitamin E (100 mg/kg bw) daily via gavage...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
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abstract::Wild alligators exposed to persistent organochlorine contaminants, municipal waste compounds, and contemporary-use herbicides exhibit reproductive alterations that are thought to be caused by endocrine disruption. This study tests the hypothesis that these alterations, at least in part, result from exposure of alligat...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/074823399678846565
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using the Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory (EESI), a standardized instrument for measuring chemical sensitivity, we obtained and compared ratings of symptoms, chemical (inhalant) intolerances, other intolerances (e.g., drugs, caffeine, alcohol, skin contactants), lifeimpact, and masking (ongoing exposu...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074823379901500312
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report two cases of formaldehyde-containing hair straighteners causing new onset asthma. Formaldehyde has been reported to cause asthma in other settings. The purpose of this article is to examine two cases of asthma in hairdressers exposed to hair smoothing products and to review the relevant literature on formald...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748233717750982
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are potent environmental pollutants. Benzo[α]pyrene (B[α]P) is the major compound of PAHs that acts by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in cells. B[α]P is a known carcinogen and an immunotoxicant; however, its role with regard to nuclear factor of activated T ...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
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doi:10.1177/0748233714555153
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Penile fracture (PF) is known as a traumatic rupture of the tunica albuginea of corpus cavernosum. In this study, we aimed to investigate the healing influence of topical extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on PF through evaluating levels of some oxidative stress biomarkers for the first time. Histopathological evaluation w...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
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doi:10.1177/0748233713483191
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present work, 6 honeydew samples of known geographical and botanical origins and 11 honeybee samples were analyzed to detect possible contamination by the thermoelectric power plants in Mugla, Turkey. The contents of trace elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry after application of microwave...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
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abstract::A more complicated pathology was observed in female pigs infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, when the same were exposed to 20 ppm dietary levels of fumonisin B1 (FB1) starting 14 days before infection for a period of 42 days as was assessed by gross pathology and pathomorphological examinations or computed tomogra...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
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更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), especially those containing cadmium, have undergone marked improvements and are now widely used nanomaterials in applicable biological fields. However, great concerns exist regarding their toxicity in biomedical applications. Because of the lack of sufficient data regardin...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
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doi:10.1177/0748233718763517
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
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abstract::In allelopathy, one plant suppresses the growth and development of other plant/plants by negatively affecting a variety of physiological and biochemical reactions. We checked the effects of methanolic extracts (allelochemical extracts) of Phytolacca latbenia (Moq.) H. Walter on antioxidant enzyme activities such as pe...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
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journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
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doi:10.1191/0748233702th127oa
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
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journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
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更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reports about vanadium (V) inhalation toxicity on the hematopoietic system, specifically about coagulation are limited. Therefore, we decided to evaluate the effects of V with a complete blood count and morphologic analysis of platelets on blood smears. CD-1 male mice inhaled V2O5 0.02 M 1 h twice weekly over 12 weeks...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
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doi:10.1191/0748233706th250oa
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a toxic compound commonly found as a contaminant in human food. It is carcinogenic due its potential in inducing the oxidative stress and distortion of the most antioxidant enzymes. Since black tea possesses strong antioxidant activity, it protects cells and tissues against oxidative stress. Cur...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
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doi:10.1177/0748233713491807
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abstract::The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential influence of occupational ionizing radiation (IR) exposure on health professionals, assessing DNA damage using the comet and micronucleus (MN) assays and analyzing relative risks, correlations, and associated factors between outcomes and socioeconomic and lifesty...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
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journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
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更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
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更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The New York State Angler Study will evaluate the association between past and current consumption of contaminated fish from Lake Ontario and both short- and long-term health effects in a population-based cohort. It will measure fish consumption and reproductive and developmental health among 10,518 male anglers and 6...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
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更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some studies have shown that exposure to electromagnetic field (EMF) may result in structural damage to neurons. In this study, we have elucidated the alteration in the hippocampal function of offspring Wistar rats (n = 8 rats in each group) that were chronically exposed to mobile phones during their gestational perio...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
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abstract::Diazinon (DZN) is one of the most widely used insecticides in agricultural pest control. Previous studies have shown that DZN may induce hepatotoxicity. Reactive oxygen species and apoptosis pathways are involved in the toxicity of DZN. Crocin, a constituent of saffron, has hepatoprotective effects due to its antioxid...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
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doi:10.1177/0748233713475519
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00