Abstract：
:Trout lens external shape and internal refractive index gradient structure were measured and used to construct an optical lens model that predicts by ray tracing the average longitudinal spherical and chromatic aberration, focal length and image quality. The nearly spherical shape of the lens was measured from photographs, and the internal refractive gradient structure was measured directly with a special Pulfrich areal refractometer. Longitudinal spherical aberration and back focal length were measured using a simplified Hartmann test using laser beams and a Schlieren test which additionally made refractive index gradient fine structure visible and detected scattering, axial symmetry and structural irregularity. Axial focus shift caused by longitudinal chromatic aberration was measured using a star test. The model lens was then incorporated into a model trout eye based on vertical and horizontal eye frozen sections. Calculated model function yields insight into the relation between eye and lens structure and optical behaviour. Semi-random secondary structural features act as perturbations on the basic model, and will result in point image fine structure.
journal_name
Vision Resjournal_title
Vision researchauthors
Jagger WS,Sands PJdoi
10.1016/0042-6989(95)00328-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-09-01 00:00:00pages
2623-39issue
17eissn
0042-6989issn
1878-5646pii
0042-6989(95)00328-2journal_volume
36pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
VISION RESEARCH文献大全abstract：:The dependence of spatial frequency on accommodation has been investigated extensively. Recently, differences between myopes and emmetropes with respect to accommodative microfluctuations for high spatial frequency targets have been reported. Considering the diversity of accommodative responses (ARs) to sinusoidal gra...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2015.05.020
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During scene perception our eyes generate complex sequences of fixations. Predictors of fixation locations are bottom-up factors such as luminance contrast, top-down factors like viewing instruction, and systematic biases, e.g., the tendency to place fixations near the center of an image. However, comparatively little...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2016.09.012
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent work (Shimojo, Silverman & Nakayama, 1989; Vision Research, 29, 619-626) suggests that the visual system must discriminate between extrinsic boundaries (boundaries created by front occluding surfaces) and intrinsic boundaries (real object boundaries) in order to recognize objects and that this would importantly...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(91)90191-7
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper examines the role of spatial frequency and orientation tuned channels in the perception of visual symmetry. Subjects discriminated between band-pass filtered, white noise textures that either did or did not contain vertical bilateral symmetry (VBS, i.e., around a vertical midline) as a function of the spati...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00031-x
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phosphatase enzymes cleave an inorganic phosphate from a substrate. Phosphatase enzyme histochemistry followed by flat-embedding in glycol methacrylate is extremely useful in studying retinal and choroidal vascular development and loss, since only viable blood vessels have these enzyme activities. Sites of occlusion a...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2005.08.022
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a figure identification task, we investigated the influence of different visual cue configurations (spatial frequency, orientation or a combination of both) on the human EEG. Combining psychophysics with ERP and time-frequency analysis, we show that the neural response at about 200ms reflects perceptual saliency ra...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2009.12.013
更新日期：2010-03-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Females heterozygous for congenital colour vision defects are of interest because they are believed to have cone photoreceptor ratios and cone photopigments that differ from normal. We describe a molecular genetic method to identify protan carriers that involves characterizing the genes that occur in the most upstream...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00366-0
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Different scenes contain varying cues to the direction of gravity. Do scenes with stronger cues differentially affect the ability of a scene to influence the direction of the Subjective Visual Vertical (SVV) and the Perceptual Upright (PU)? Using indoor, outdoor, natural and man-made scenes we asked participants to ju...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2010.05.027
更新日期：2010-08-06 00:00:00
abstract：:A successive asymmetric colour-matching task was used to study the changes in colour appearance of simulated Munsell samples. Colour shifts were induced with two Planckian illuminants, standard illuminant A (u'=0.256, v'=0.524) and illuminant S (u'=0.174, v'=0.392). Measurements were conducted with a 20 degrees field ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2006.03.011
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Whereas the influence on the elevation of visually perceived eye level (VPEL) by two bilaterally symmetric, long (64 degrees-long), pitched-from-vertical lines in total darkness is only a little more than the average of the VPELs of the two lines measured separately [Matin & Li (1999). Vision Research, 39, 307-329], i...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(99)00182-0
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The perception of blackness was investigated by measuring spectral efficiency and field additivity under conditions of temporal induction. For both purposes, observers foveally viewed a 0.75 deg, inducing stimulus for 5 sec followed immediately (or 200 msec later) by a broadband (5500 K) reference stimulus of the same...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(89)90197-1
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A system of regular, radial ridges, spaced approx. 250 nm apart, is reported from the outer corneal surface of the eye of the tiny moth Leucoptera coffeella. Antireflective coatings in larger insects with flatter facets often take the form of corneal nipples. However, evidence is presented that in an insect whose eyes...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(93)90223-j
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The functional role of three putative neurotransmitter systems in the visual cortex is compared; the GABAergic inhibitory interneurons, the interneurones containing somatostatin and the cholinergic input originating from the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM). Evidence is presented to support the role of GABAergic proce...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(85)90062-8
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With luminance gratings, psychophysical thresholds for detecting a small increase in the contrast of a weak 'pedestal' grating are 2-3 times lower than for detection of a grating when the pedestal is absent. This is the 'dipper effect'--a reliable improvement whose interpretation remains controversial. Analogies betwe...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2008.07.009
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When two sinusoidal gratings of the same orientation and similar spatial frequency are summed, the resulting pattern has a periodic spatial variation or beat in contrast. Although the pattern contains no luminance modulation component at the beat frequency, it behaves in some respects as if it did: human observers for...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(89)90035-7
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present paper reports results of a dual task study in which two locations were endogenously cued as possible target locations, while only one eye movement had to be executed. During the cue period, letters were briefly presented at the saccade goals and at no-saccade goals. Results show that performance was better...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2005.02.002
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lenses from 27 human eyes ranging in age from 10 to 87 years were used to determine how accommodation and age affect the optical properties of the lens. A scanning laser technique was used to measure focal length and spherical aberration of the lenses, while the lenses were subjected to stretching forces applied throu...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00102-8
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Data on the simple reaction time to motion onset presented in Ball and Sekuler [Psychol. Rev. 87, 435-469 (1980)] and Tynan and Sekuler [Vision Res. 20, 709-715 (1982)] are re-analysed on the basis of local dispersion model of motion detectability. According to this model the detectability at the moment t is determine...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(84)90093-2
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Electrophysiological recording and microspectrophotometry were used to analyze retinal function in representatives of the two surviving genera of holostean grade fish--the bowfin (Amia calva) and gars (Lepisosteus sp.). The properties of the cone photopigments, horizontal cells and ganglion cells show that these holos...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(83)90014-7
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most laboratory visual search tasks involve many searches for the same target, while in the real world we typically change our target with each search (e.g. find the coffee cup, then the sugar). How quickly can the visual system be reconfigured to search for a new target? Here observers searched for targets specified ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2003.11.024
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The temporal resolution of the visual system progressively increases with light intensity. Under scotopic conditions, temporal resolution is relatively poor, and may be limited by both retinal and cortical processes. Rod photoresponses themselves are quite slow because of the slowly deactivating biochemical cascade ne...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2015.02.011
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two protanopes, two deuteranopes, and two normal subjects named 424 OSA Uniform Color Scales samples using single-word color terms of their choice under three different experimental conditions. When viewing a stimulus field subtending about 4 deg, the performance of the dichromats revealed a substantial ability to dis...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(87)90129-5
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cortical visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in response to gratings temporally modulated in counterphase were recorded in normal and dark-reared pigmented rats. Temporal modulation was either sinusoidal (0.25-15 Hz, steady state condition) or abrupt (0.5 Hz, transient condition). In normals, the amplitude spectrum of con...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(96)00172-1
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The visual system's computation of lightness (perceived reflectance) leads to contrast effects in which a gray target region appears lighter on a black background than on a white one. Here we show a paradoxical contrast effect in which targets look lighter after adding regions that increase the scene's average luminan...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2009.11.004
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interocular transfer of the motion aftereffect (MAE) has been extensively investigated for the purpose of analysing the binocularity of the underlying motion mechanism. Previous studies unanimously reported that the transfer of the classical static MAE is partial, but there is a controversy as to whether the transfer ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(99)00176-5
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We hypothesized that it is the conflict between various cues to distance that have produced results purportedly showing that vergence eye movements induced by disparity change are not an effective cue for depth. Single and compound stimuli were used to examine the perceived motion in depth (MID) produced by simulated ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2009.11.005
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Visual adaptation is a critical and ubiquitous mechanism that occurs for any stimulus feature and involves a continuous adjustment of the neuronal contrast gain. These adjustments prevent our visual system from dropping in sensitivity for the prevailing ranges of stimulus features that are processed at a given time. I...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2012.04.001
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A visual illusion is reported which comprises the following: when a monitor with a moving constant velocity grating is swayed in front of a subject, the grating may be perceived as freezing or decelerating on the screen. This percept appears to depend on the magnitude and direction of the retinal grating velocity, rel...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(96)87721-2
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A generally accepted notion in binocular vision is that we see the world as if viewed by a single eye, the cyclopean eye. A consequence of seeing the world from a single point in space is that the outlines of occluding and occluded surfaces have the same shape. We designed stereograms in which subjects aligned binocul...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(95)00268-5
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is possible to discriminate between grating contrasts over a 300-fold contrast range, whereas V1 neurons have very limited dynamic ranges. Using populations of model neurons with contrast-response parameters taken from electrophysiological studies (cat and macaque), we investigated ways of combining responses to co...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(03)00277-3
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
