Abstract:
:Insecticides are increasingly being used in hot arid ecosystems. The evaluation of the ecological risk these insecticides may pose, however, is based largely on data derived from temperate organisms and ecosystems. The major differences in the composition, structure, and functioning of desert animal communities when compared to temperate terrestrial ecosystems are discussed. Desert communities are characterized by a high fraction of ectotherms (both vertebrates and invertebrates);rodents and insectivores appear to dominate the mammalian fauna; and detritivores make up a very large part of the arthropod fauna. Presently available toxicity data cover these groups only to a very limited extent. It is not known if the ranges of insecticide susceptibility observed in temperate species are representative of those in arid organisms. Thus, it is not certain that ecotoxicological assessments based on such data sets adequately protect desert animal communities. It is shown that food web connectance is higher in desert ecosystems than in temperate grasslands or forests. This may to a large extent be due to the high degree of omnivory among desert organisms. Population regulation between predators and prey appears to be weaker in deserts. The same is often, though not always, the case for competition among desert organisms. It is argued that such characteristics will reduce the chance that strong indirect effects of insecticide perturbations will occur. In spite of the fact that many desert organisms are well adapted to cope with high temporal and spatial environmental variability, there is no reason to believe that they will always recover more rapidly from population perturbations caused by insecticides. The relatively large physiological and life-history plasticity encountered in many desert animals may increase tolerance to insecticide stress. Food chains are longer in deserts than in temperate grasslands and forests. The implications of this observation for the risk of biomagnification of contaminants are discussed.
journal_name
Arch Environ Contam Toxicoljournal_title
Archives of environmental contamination and toxicologyauthors
van der Valk HCdoi
10.1007/s002449900150subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-01-01 00:00:00pages
11-21issue
1eissn
0090-4341issn
1432-0703journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Numerous state and federal agencies are increasingly concerned with the rapid expansion of invasive, noxious weeds across the United States. Herbicides are frequently applied as weed control measures in forest and rangeland ecosystems that frequently overlap with critical habitats of threatened and endangered fish spe...
journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00244-008-9281-8
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abstract::Outdoor air polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations were measured in upstate New York as part of a nonoccupational exposure investigation. The adjacent study communities of Hudson Falls and Fort Edward contain numerous sites of current and former PCB contamination, including two capacitor-manufacturing facilitie...
journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00244-007-9035-z
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Army is replacing traditional munitions with insensitive munitions (IM) resistant to accidental detonation. The aquatic toxicity of 1-methyl-3-nitroguanidine (MeNQ), which is being assessed for potential use in IM formulations, remains largely untested. The present study fills a number of critical data gaps for Me...
journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00244-020-00796-x
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abstract::Intermolt crab Carcinus maenas and clam Ruditapes philippinarum were used to determine the toxicity of sediments collected in four Spanish ports (Cádiz, Huelva, Pasajes, and Bilbao) under laboratory conditions during 28 days. Sediment samples were analyzed to determine chemical concentration of metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu,...
journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00244-006-0121-4
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Franz diffusion experiments with human skin combined with work-clothing fabric have shown that skin exposure to pesticides is reduced by the presence of traditional nonbarrier textiles. This study was undertaken to obtain further information about the reduction in exposure using traditional work-clothing fabrics that ...
journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002449900359
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phytoestrogens are plant compounds that can act as endocrine disruptors in vertebrates. Biologically active levels of phytoestrogens have been found in aquatic habitats near wood pulp and paper mills, biofuel manufacturing plants, sewage-treatment plants, and agricultural fields. Phytoestrogens are known to cause horm...
journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00244-010-9561-y
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journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
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doi:10.1007/s00244-007-9070-9
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abstract::In the current study, we examined whether subchronic exposure via drinking water to low doses of a mixture of metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, chromium, manganese, iron, and nickel), found as contaminants in various water sources of India, and to concentrations equivalent to WHO maximum permissible limits (MPL...
journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00244-007-0031-0
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the Willamette River Basin (Oregon, USA), various residential, municipal, industrial, and agricultural activities produce physical, biological, and chemical stressors that may impinge on the basin's aquatic ecosystems. For > 30 years, numerous water-quality and biological-condition data have been accumulated by oft...
journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
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doi:10.1007/s00244-011-9713-8
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aquatic insects are an important component of the food web in salt marshes, therefore it is necessary to test whether pesticides used to control mosquitoes in salt marshes are safe for nontarget insects. We tested the nontarget effects of a combined formulation (duplex) of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (B.t.i.) a...
journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002440010094
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soils from the Yorktown Naval Base contaminated with trinitrotoluene (TNT) and other explosives were used to prepare eluates before and after bioremediation using microbial growth amendments in the presence (P1 eluates) or absence (P2 eluates) of exogenous white rot fungus. Effectiveness of bioremediation was examined...
journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002440010177
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endosulfan sulfate is a persistent environmental metabolite of endosulfan, an organochlorine insecticide-acaricide presently registered by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. There is, however, limited acute fish toxicity data for endosulfan sulfate. This study determines the acute toxicity (LC₅₀s and L...
journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00244-010-9623-1
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journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00244-006-0046-y
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journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01056087
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01160308
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journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00213097
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seed germination and early stage seedling growth tests were conducted to determine the ecotoxicological threshold of 2,4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in two soils of different properties. Soils were amended up to 1,600 mg TNT kg-1 soil and four representative species of higher plants, two dicotyledons (Lepidium sativum L....
journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002449900455
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which cause environmental pollution, are found in animal-based fatty foods. Due to their long half-life and lipophilic properties, they can accumulate in the fat tissues of cattle. The study was conducted to compare the PCB levels (PCB28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180) in the differ...
journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
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journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
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journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
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abstract::Oceanographic studies revealed the abundance of minute plastic particles in coastal regions. Such particles, called microplastics, are abundant in sizes smaller than 100 µm ESD (Equivalent Spherical Diameter) and can be collected and ingested by planktonic copepods. Those animals are the most abundant metazoans on our...
journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The incidence and spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Buffalo River Estuary in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa were assessed in this study. A total of 60 surface water and 19 sediment samples were collected from 5 sites of the estuary over a period of 6 months (December 201...
journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The high use of pesticides in intensive rice farming in the Mekong Delta constitutes a potential hazard to the environment and to people's health. Chlorpyrifos ethyl (CPF) is a commonly used organophosphate (OP) insecticide, but information about its potential negative impacts on the aquatic environment in the Mekong ...
journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00244-015-0182-3
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journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002449910024
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute toxicity tests of selenium dioxide were conducted for 96 to 336 hr in intermittent-flow bioassay systems using six species of freshwater fish. The decreasing order of species sensitivity was: fathead minnow, flagfish, brook trout, channel catfish, goldfish, and bluegil. Curves relating median lethal concentratio...
journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02221018
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abstract::Perchlorate is a potent thyroid hormone-disrupting compound. Drinking water is one of the major sources of human exposure to perchlorate. Little is known about the occurrence of perchlorate in waters from China. In this study, water samples (n = 300) collected from 15 locations in 13 provinces and municipalities were ...
journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
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doi:10.1007/s00244-010-9485-6
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concentrations of heavy metals and cyanide in water and sediments were determined from December 1974 to February 1976 in Yellowknife Bay situated in northern Canada. The bay receives a continuous discharge of liquid waste effluents from an operating gold mine. Arsenic reached a maximum concentration of 3100 mg kg(-1) ...
journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01054855
更新日期:1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The morphological alterations of hepatocytes of female zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio, and fingerling rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, following prolonged exposure to 0.04, 0.2 and 1 mg/L of 4-chloroaniline were investigated by means of light and electron microscopy. Changes in peroxisomes were visualized by cytochemical...
journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01054986
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the extent of sediment contamination in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) system after the flood of 1993, sediment samples were collected from 24 of the 26 navigational pools in the river and from one site in the Saint Croix River in the summer of 1994. Whole-sediment tests were conducted with the amphipod H...
journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002449900366
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soil organisms play a crucial role in the terrestrial ecosystem. Plant protection products (PPPs) are known to affect soil organisms and might have negative impacts on soil functions influenced by these organisms. Little research has been performed to date on the impact of PPPs on tropical soil ecosystems. Therefore, ...
journal_title:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00244-006-0219-8
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00