Abstract：
:An anonymous national survey of a representative population of healthcare workers who were thought likely to have frequent and intensive exposures to blood and other body fluids (certified nurse-midwives [CNMs]), was conducted to assess the type and frequency of self-reported occupational exposures to blood and body fluids experienced, the extent to which barrier precautions and other infection control measures were used, whether or not reported use of barriers was associated with a lower perceived rate of exposures and factors that influenced the use of infection control procedures. Of those responding, 74% had soiled their hands with blood at least one time in the preceding six months, 51% had splashed blood or amniotic fluid in their faces and 24% reported one or more needlestick injuries during that same period. Our study also found evidence of an association between the practice of needle recapping and the occurrence of needlestick injury (p = .003). Despite a high level of training and knowledge, only 55% reported routinely practicing universal precautions (UPs). Several factors that potentially influenced the use of UPs were studied, including healthcare worker perceptions of risk of occupational bloodborne infection, knowledge of routes of transmission of bloodborne pathogens and rationale for not using appropriate barriers. Our data suggest that occupational exposures occur frequently and that healthcare workers' (HCWs') perceptions of risk for occupational infection play an important role in influencing use of UPs. This study emphasizes the importance of developing new strategies for UP training.
journal_name
Infect Control Hosp Epidemioljournal_title
Infection control and hospital epidemiologyauthors
Willy ME,Dhillon GL,Loewen NL,Wesley RA,Henderson DKdoi
10.1086/646186subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-07-01 00:00:00pages
351-6issue
7eissn
0899-823Xissn
1559-6834journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate a possible nosocomial outbreak of tuberculosis (TB). DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study. SETTING:Community hospital. METHODS:We reviewed medical records, hospital infection control measures, and potential locations of nosocomial exposure. We examined the results of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) sme...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/502144
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Group A streptococci account for less than 1% of all surgical wound infections but are an important cause of nosocomial outbreaks. We report here a cluster of four group A streptococcal infections that occurred within an 11-day period on a single surgical service. The index case presented with toxic shock-like syndrom...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/646732
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To understand the feasibility of implementing a standardized performance measure for collecting and reporting influenza vaccination rates among healthcare personnel, qualitative, semistructured interviews were conducted with key informants in 32 healthcare facilities. Despite practical and logistical challenges to imp...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/667375
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this prospective study, we monitored 4 epidemiologically important pathogens (EIPs): methicillin-resistane Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), Clostridium difficile, and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter to assess the effectiveness of 3 enhanced disinfection strategies for te...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1017/ice.2018.165
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has yielded new insights into the transmission patterns of healthcare facility-onset Clostridioides difficile infection (HO-CDI). WGS results prompted a focused diagnostic stewardship program, which was associated with a significant and sustained decrease in HO-CDI at large, urban hospita...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/ice.2019.124
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Clostridium difficile is a major cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients. Between August 2003 and January 2004, we experienced an increase in the incidence of C. difficile-associated disease. We describe the investigation into and management of the outbreak in this article. METHODS:A total of ...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/519181
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effectiveness and efficiency of 17 housekeepers in terminal cleaning 292 hospital rooms was evaluated through adenosine triphosphate detection. A subgroup of housekeepers was identified who were significantly more effective and efficient than their coworkers. These optimum outliers may be used in performance impro...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/676431
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Infective endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus is an ominous prognosis associated with a high prevalence of embolic episodes and neurological involvement. Whether methicillin resistance decreases the risk of embolism in infective endocarditis is unclear. We sought to assess the association between met...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/518727
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We assess the impact of revised International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus burden in California hospitals. Codes were rapidly adopted, demonstrating new capture of colonization and continued relatively stable capture of infections. Nevertheless, despi...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/673444
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the appropriateness of antibiotic prophylaxis regimens for major surgery in Korea. DESIGN:Retrospective study using a written survey for each patient who underwent arthroplasty, colon surgery, or hysterectomy. SETTING:Six tertiary hospitals in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. PATIENTS:From each ho...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/519180
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:More than 90% of Thai hospitals surveyed reported implementing environmental cleaning and disinfection (ECD) protocols. Hospital epidemiologist presence was associated with the existence of an ECD checklist (P=.01) and of ECD auditing (P=.001), while good and excellent hospital administrative support were associated w...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/ice.2017.171
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To establish a new, rapid, and reliable genotypic fingerprinting technique for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) typing in routine epidemiological surveillance. DESIGN:The method is based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) following HaeII diges...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/501903
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To document the costs and the benefits (both in terms of costs averted and of injuries averted) of education sessions and replacement of phlebotomy devices to ensure that needle recapping did not take place. DESIGN:The percentage of recapped needles and the rate of needlestick injuries were evaluated in 1990...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/501681
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of a multifaceted hospitalwide quality improvement program that featured an intervention to remind physicians to remove unnecessary urinary catheters. METHODS:A hospitalwide preintervention-postintervention study was conducted over 2 years (July 1, 2004, through June 30, 2006). The i...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/518453
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We compared cleaning rates associated with use of a white ultraviolet (UV) powder versus a transparent UV gel among units with various degrees of previous experience with UV powder. The study outcome was the presence of discordant cleaning (removal of powder without the removal of gel, or vice versa). We found higher ...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/663713
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence of central venous catheter (CVC) use among patients both within and outside the ICU setting. DESIGN:A 1-day prevalence survey of CVC use among adult inpatients at six medical centers participating in the Prevention Epicenter Program of the CDC. Using a standardized form, observers...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/502163
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine the predictors of 7-day mortality in older adult patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia after controlling for comorbidity using the Charlson weighted index of comorbidity (WIC) and to identify the risk factors associated with bacteremia due to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). DES...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/507924
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Few data are available on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization in day care. We performed a study in a medical university child care center to study the epidemiology of MRSA in this population. DESIGN:Survey. SETTING:A child care center on the campus of a university medical center....
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/605721
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Timely identification of outbreaks of hospital-associated infections is needed to implement control measures and minimize impact. Survey results from 33 hospitals indicated that most hospitals lacked a formal cluster definition and all targeted a very limited group of prespecified pathogens. Standardized, statisticall...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1017/ice.2015.325
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A surgeon-specific computer-generated monthly questionnaire was used to improve surveillance of surgical wound infections in outpatients as well as inpatients following discharge. From July 1988 through June 1989, 20,536 surgical procedures were performed at our medical center, of which 53% were for outpatients. The t...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/646084
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The study was designed to compare the efficacies of bland soap handwash and isopropyl alcohol hand rinse in preventing transfer of aerobic gram-negative bacilli to urinary catheters via transient hand colonization acquired from direct patient contact. Glove juice recovery of gram-negative bacteria was conside...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/646261
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe and compare the epidemiology of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) occurring in non-intensive care unit (ICU) versus ICU wards in a network of community hospitals over a 2-year period. Overall, 72% of cases of CAUTI occurred in non-ICU patients, which indicates that this population is an i...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/671000
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To describe an outbreak of hepatitis C in a clinical research study. DESIGN:Observational study. SETTING:Tertiary-care hospital. PATIENTS:Healthcare workers who volunteered to be subjects in a study of the metabolic effects of inhaled and oral corticosteroids who were unwittingly exposed to hepatitis C vir...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/501848
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare the impacts of different methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) screening test options (eg, polymerase chain reaction [PCR], rapid culture) and program characteristics on the clinical outcomes and budget of a typical US hospital. METHODS:We developed an Excel-based decision-analytic mo...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/658332
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Social media, prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial stewardship (ASP) each impact every area of medicine. Independently, each have power to change medicine, however, synergistically, the impact could be transformative. Given the profound clinical, financial, and public health impact o...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1017/ice.2019.231
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Patients colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) may contaminate their immediate environment with this organism. However, the extent to which gastrointestinal colonization with MRSA affects environmental contamination is not known. We investigated the frequency of environmental conta...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/520737
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Benchmarks for antimicrobial consumption measured in antimicrobial days are beginning to emerge. The relationship between the traditional measure of days of therapy and antimicrobial days is unclear. We observed a high intermethod correlation (R2=0.99): antimicrobial days were 1.9-fold lower than days of therapy acros...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/ice.2016.109
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several discrete strategies have been suggested to prevent or reduce microbial resistance to antimicrobials, including optimal use of the agents (also known as good stewardship); control, removal, or restriction of antimicrobials; use of antimicrobials in combination; and rotational or cyclic use of antimicrobials. Th...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1086/503168
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether empiric isolation of patients with acute respiratory virus infection symptoms could be discontinued when preliminary shell vial cultures were negative, and the impact of this approach on hospital resources. DESIGN:In 1993, we retrospectively reviewed respiratory virus test results from 1...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/647389
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in a cohort of nurses new to a London hospital was 7.6% (13 of 171), using an interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) release assay, and 16.2% (24 of 148), using the tuberculin skin test. On multivariate analysis, birth in a country with tuberculosis prevalence of more than 40 case...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/597546
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
