Abstract:
:We studied two human subjects with total deafferentation of one upper limb secondary to traumatic multiple cervical root avulsions. Both subjects developed a phantom limb and underwent elective amputation of the paralyzed, deafferentated limb. Psychophysical study revealed in each subject an area of skin in the pectoral region ipsilateral to the amputation where vibrotactile stimulation (VS) elicited referred sensations (RS) in the phantom limb. Positron emission tomography was then used to measure regional cerebral blood flow changes during VS of the pectoral region ipsilateral to the amputation with RS and during VS of a homologous part of the pectoral region adjacent to the intact arm without RS. A voxel-based correlation analysis was subsequently used to study functional connectivity. VS of the pectoral region adjacent to the intact arm was associated with activation of the dorsal part of the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex (S1) in a position consistent with the S1 trunk area. In contrast, VS of the pectoral region ipsilateral to the amputation with RS was associated with activation of the contralateral S1 that extended from the level of the trunk representation ventrally over distances of 20 and 12 mm, respectively, in the two subjects. The area of S1 activated during VS of the digits in a normal control subject was coextensive with the ventral S1 region abnormally activated during VS of the ectopic phantom representation in the two amputees, suggesting that the deafferented digit or hand/arm area had been activated by sensory input from the pectoral region. Correlation analysis showed an abnormal pattern of intrinsic connectivity within the deafferented S1 hand/arm area of both amputees. In one subject, the deafferented S1 was functionally connected with 3 times as many S1 voxels as the normally afferented S1. This abnormal functional connectivity extended in both the rostrocaudal and ventrodorsal dimensions. The results demonstrate that sensory input delivered to the axial body surface may gain access to the S1 hand/arm area in some humans who have suffered extensive deafferentation of this area. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that deafferentation of an area of S1 may result in activation of previously dormant inputs from body surfaces represented in immediately adjacent parts of S1. The results also provide evidence that changes in functional connectivity between these adjacent areas of the cortex play a role in the somatotopic reorganization.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Kew JJ,Halligan PW,Marshall JC,Passingham RE,Rothwell JC,Ridding MC,Marsden CD,Brooks DJdoi
10.1152/jn.1997.77.5.2753subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-05-01 00:00:00pages
2753-64issue
5eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598journal_volume
77pub_type
杂志文章abstract::1. Neuron-specific expression of alternately spliced exons of the gene encoding the Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide) family of neuropeptides and the role of encoded peptides in synaptic transmission were examined in an identified cardiorespiratory interneuron, the visceral white interneuron (VWI), in the snail Lymnaea....
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.69.3.915
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Noise is a major concern in circuits processing electrical signals, including neural circuits. There are many factors that influence how noise propagates through neural circuits, and there are few systems in which noise levels have been studied throughout a processing pathway. We recorded intracellularly from multiple...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00607.2011
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A fundamental question in systems biology addresses the issue of how flexibility is built into modulatory networks such that they can produce context-dependent responses. Here we examine flexibility in the serotonin (5-HT) response system that modulates the cycle frequency (cf) of a rhythmic motor output. We found tha...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00986.2007
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our group set out to develop a sensitive technique, capable of detecting output changes from the posterior fossa following a motor acquisition task. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied over the right cerebellar cortex 5 ms in advance of test stimuli over the left cerebral motor cortex (M1), suppressing...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00661.2013
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ablation and single-unit studies in primates have shown that inferior temporal (IT) cortex is important for pattern discrimination. The first paper in this series suggested that single units in IT cortex of alert monkeys respond to a set of two-dimensional patterns with complex temporal modulation of their spike train...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1987.57.1.162
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two monkeys were trained to point to targets and to retrieve fruit bits from a Kluver board, bottles, and tubes. Once proficient in the tasks, the macaques underwent aseptic surgical implantation of a recording chamber over the cerebellar nuclei on the side of their preferred hand. After recovery from surgery, a serie...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.79.2.537
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A question to be addressed in the present study is how different the eyes-closed (EC) and eyes-open (EO) resting states are across frequency bands in terms of efficiency and centrality of the brain functional network. We investigated both the global and nodal efficiency and betweenness centrality in the EC and EO rest...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00585.2013
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The small cardioactive peptides (SCPs) are potent modulatory neuropeptides in Aplysia. Buccal ganglia neurons B1 and B2 are the largest neurons that exhibit SCP-like immunoreactivity. High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)-bioassay and in vivo radiolabeling procedures confirm that these neurons contain and synt...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1988.59.5.1613
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Biventer cervicis (BC) is an anatomically complex muscle that is divided by tendinous inscriptions into five in-series compartments of motor units. We have analyzed the fiber architecture and fiber-type composition of these different compartments using microdissection and histochemical methods. 2. BC narrows as it ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1988.60.1.46
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The discharge patterns and axonal projections of saccadic long-lead burst neurons (LLBNs) with somata in the pontine reticular formation were studied in alert squirrel monkeys with the use of the method of intraaxonal recording and horseradish peroxidase injection. 2. The largest population of stained neurons were ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.1.353
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Recurrent inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) to and from motoneurons innervating the flexor digitorum longus (FDL) and flexor hallucis longus (FHL) muscles of the cat were investigated to determine whether recurrent inhibitory projections involving these motoneurons are similar--as would be consistent with ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1990.63.3.395
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::When sudden environmental stimuli signaling threat occur in the portion of space surrounding the body (defensive peripersonal space), defensive responses are enhanced. Recently Bisio et al. (Bisio A, Garbarini F, Biggio M, Fossataro C, Ruggeri P, Bove M. J Neurosci 37: 2415-2424, 2017) showed that a marker of defensiv...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00316.2017
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Moth pheromones cause rises in intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations that activate Ca(2+)-dependent cation channels in antennal olfactory receptor neurons. In addition, mechanisms of adaptation and sensitization depend on changes in cyclic nucleotide concentrations. Here, cyclic nucleotide-activated currents in cultured...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01400.2007
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Liolaemus lizards were explored to ascertain whether they would make an amenable model to study single-cell electrophysiology of neurons in the vomeronasal organ (VNO). Despite a rich array of chemosensory-related behaviors chronicled for this genus, no anatomical or functional data exist for the VNO, the organ mediat...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00490.2005
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Behavioral studies have shown that object recognition becomes severely impaired at fast presentation rates, indicating a limitation in temporal processing capacity. Here, we studied whether this behavioral limit in object recognition reflects limitations in the temporal processing capacity of early visual areas tuned ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00568.2006
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To estimate contour-orientation sensitivity of the cat and the degree to which precortical processing contributes to such estimates, the amplitude of visually evoked potentials (VEP) recorded from the visual cortex of cats in response to a visual stimulus (S2) presented at various intervals after presentation of anoth...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1985.53.5.1287
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Considerable evidence suggests that brain stem pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPT) cholinergic cells are critically involved in the normal regulation of wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. However, much of this evidence comes from indirect studies. Thus, although involvement of PPT cholinergic neurons has bee...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.6.2975
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leopard frog saccular hair cells exhibit an electrical resonance in response to a depolarizing stimulus that has been proposed to contribute to the tuning properties of the frog sacculus by acting as an electrical band-pass filter. With the whole cell patch-clamp technique, we have investigated the effect of temperatu...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.79.1.312
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The role of the structures of the outer ear in producing monaural and binaural spectral cues to sound location was examined acoustically in the ferret. A probe microphone was introduced across the wall of the external auditory canal and its responses to digitally constructed wideband signals were recorded for a lar...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.71.2.785
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the main olfactory bulb, several populations of granule cells (GCs) can be distinguished based on the soma location either superficially, interspersed with mitral cells within the mitral cell layer (MCL), or deeper, within the GC layer (GCL). Little is known about the physiological properties of superficial GCs (sG...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01202.2006
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The present experiment was designed to test whether synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus were modulated by the medial amygdala (MeA). Field potentials in the dentate gyrus (DG) evoked by stimulations of the medial perforant path (PP) were extracellularly recorded in anesthetized rats. ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.74.5.2201
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although species-specific differences in ion channel properties are well-documented, little has been known about the properties of the human Nav1.8 channel, an important contributor to pain signaling. Here we show, using techniques that include voltage clamp, current clamp, and dynamic clamp in dorsal root ganglion (D...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00113.2015
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The somatotopic organization of nociceptive-specific (NS) and wide dynamic range (WDR) units in the nucleus ventralis posterolateralis (VPL) of the ventrobasal (VB) complex was studied. Experiments were carried out on adult cats anesthetized with urethane-chloralose. The recording sites of nociceptive units were ma...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1988.60.5.1714
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purinoreceptors of the P2 family contribute strongly to signaling in the cochlea, but little is known about the effects of purinergic neurotransmission in the central auditory system. Here we examine P2 receptor-mediated signaling in the large spherical bushy cells (SBCs) of Mongolian gerbils around the onset of acous...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00186.2009
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retinal ganglion cells (RGC) transmit visual signals to thalamocortical relay neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus via retinogeniculate synapses. Relay neuron spike patterns do not simply reflect those of RGCs, but the mechanisms controlling this transformation are not well understood. We therefore examined synap...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00562.2003
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glutamate is the primary excitatory transmitter in axons innervating the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and is responsible for light-induced phase shifts of circadian rhythms generated by the SCN. By using self-innervating single neuron cultures and patch-clamp electrophysiology, we studied metabotropic gl...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.4.1932
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Pressure on the skin of the tail base and perineum of female rats in the range of 40--440 millibars, following bilateral contact with the flanks, was adequate to elicit the lordosis reflex. Hair deflection alone or noxious stimulation was neither sufficient nor necessary for lordosis behavior to occur. 2. For a giv...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1979.42.1.195
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the region of the ventral respiratory group in brain stem slices from neonatal rats, intracellular pH (pHi) and membrane currents (I(m)) or potentials were measured in neurons dialyzed with the pH-sensitive dye 2',7'-bis-carboxyethyl-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein. Currents and increases in membrane conductance (g(m)) dur...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.4.1844
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuron loss, axon sprouting, and the formation of new synaptic circuits have been hypothesized to contribute to seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Using the kainate-treated rat, we examined how alterations in the density of CA1 pyramidal cells and interneurons, and subsequent sprouting of CA1 pyramidal cell axo...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.1.1
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can produce a lasting polarity-specific modulation of cortical excitability in the brain, and it is increasingly used in experimental and clinical settings. Recent studies suggest that the after-effects of tDCS are related to molecular mechanisms of activity-dependent syn...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00319.2011
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00