Abstract:
:This article offers a developmental theory of language and the neural systems that lead to and subserve linguistic capabilities. Early perceptual experience and discontinuities in linguistic development suggest that language develops in four phases that occur in a fixed, interdependent sequence. In each phase of language, a unique ontogenetic function is accomplished. These functions have proprietary neural systems that vary in their degree of specialization. Of particular interest is an analytical mechanism that is responsible for linguistic grammar. This mechanism is time-locked and can only be turned on in the third phase. Confirming evidence is provided by children who are delayed in the second phase of the language learning process. These children store insufficient lexical material to activate their analytic mechanism. Inactivation behaves like damage, shifting language functions to homologous mechanisms in the nondominant hemisphere, thereby increasing functional and anatomical symmetry across the hemispheres. This atypical assembly of neurolinguistic resources produces functional but imperfect command of spoken language and may complicate learning of written language. The theory thus offers a different role for genetics and early experience, and a different interpretation of neuroanatomic findings, from those entertained in most other proposals on developmental language disorders.
journal_name
Brain Langjournal_title
Brain and languageauthors
Locke JLdoi
10.1006/brln.1997.1791subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-06-15 00:00:00pages
265-326issue
2eissn
0093-934Xissn
1090-2155pii
S0093-934X(97)91791-0journal_volume
58pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have sentence comprehension difficulty, but it is unclear whether this is due to a deficit in grammatical processing or to an executive resource limitation. To assess grammatical processing in PD while minimizing task-related demands, PD patients and healthy control subjects perf...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/brln.2001.2630
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Visual word recognition of a profoundly deaf girl (AH) with developmental reading disorders was explored using an experimental technique that measures performance as a function of eye fixation within a word. AH's fixation-dependent word recognition profile revealed that she was inferring the identity of words using a ...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/brln.2001.2461
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Formal lexical errors are relatively rare in the production of aphasic patients. In this study, we report the case of DW, who makes a high proportion of these errors. A few other cases have previously been reported, but DW shows a number of distinguishing characteristics. First, formal lexical errors are made in spell...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0093-934x(02)00022-6
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent experiments showed that the perception of vowel length by German listeners exhibits the characteristics of categorical perception. The present study sought to find the neural activity reflecting categorical vowel length and the short-long boundary by examining the processing of non-contrastive durations and cat...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2012.11.011
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immediate and long-term neural correlates of linguistic processing deficits reported following paediatric and adolescent traumatic brain injury (TBI) are poorly understood. Therefore, the current research investigated event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited during a semantic picture-word priming experiment in two...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2012.06.009
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we neuroimaged deaf adults as they performed two linguistic tasks with sentences in American Sign Language, grammatical judgment and phonemic-hand judgment. Participants' age-onset of sign language acquisition ranged from birth to 14 years; length of sign language ex...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2011.05.007
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study of cerebral specialization in persons with Down syndrome (DS) has revealed an anomalous pattern of organization. Specifically, dichotic listening studies (e.g., Elliott & Weeks, 1993) have suggested a left ear/right hemisphere dominance for speech perception for persons with DS. In the current investigation,...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1006/brln.1998.2131
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Verbal humor deficits were investigated in right-hemisphere-damaged patients. It was hypothesized that the appreciation of jokes presupposes two elements: sensitivity to the surprise element entailed in the punch line of a joke and apprehension of the coherence which results when the punch line has been integrated wit...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0093-934x(83)90002-0
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The brain activity associated with automatic semantic priming has been extensively studied. Thus far there has been no prior study that directly contrasts the neural mechanisms of semantic and affective priming. The present study employed event-related fMRI to examine the common and distinct neural bases underlying co...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2009.11.001
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A speculative neuronal template, equivalent to canonical syllable forms and independent of segmental representations, is offered to help account for (1) the inviolate nature of phonotactic constraints in aphasic speech output, and (2) left hemisphere specialization for speech sound access and output. The model, which ...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0093-934x(84)90087-7
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) was first recognized by Mesulam in 1982. Although dozens of cases have since been described, it has been difficult to place these cases into a coherent framework due to the wide variation in measures which have been reported. We review 170 contacts with 112 patients to provide a clini...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1006/brln.1997.1840
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The current study addresses the debate between so-called 'structural' and 'processing limitation' accounts of aphasia, i.e., whether language impairments reflect the 'loss' of linguistic knowledge or its representations, or instead reflect a limitation in processing resources. Confrontation-naming task and category-ju...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2004.06.002
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Auditory-evoked responses (AERs) were recorded from scalp electrodes placed over the left and right temporal hemisphere regions of 12 preschool children while they listened to a series of velar stop consonants which varied in voice onset time (VOT) and to two-formant tone stimuli with temporal lags comparable to the s...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0093-934x(88)90067-3
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of neuronal oscillations during language comprehension is not yet well understood. In this paper we review and reinterpret the functional roles of beta- and gamma-band oscillatory activity during language comprehension at the sentence and discourse level. We discuss the evidence in favor of a role for beta an...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2015.01.003
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroimaging studies suggest greater involvement of the left parietal lobe in sign language compared to speech production. This stronger activation might be linked to the specific demands of sign encoding and proprioceptive monitoring. In Experiment 1 we investigate hemispheric lateralization during sign and speech ge...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2015.10.006
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We used fMRI to examine patterns of brain activity associated with component processes of visual word recognition and their relationships to individual differences in reading skill. We manipulated both the judgments adults made on written stimuli and the characteristics of the stimuli. Phonological processing led to a...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2011.12.011
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::According to the semantic hub hypothesis, a supramodal semantic hub is equally needed to deal with verbal and extraverbal "surface" representations. Damage to the supramodal hub is thought to underlie the crossmodal impairment observed in selective semantic deficits. In the present paper, we provide evidence supportin...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2013.11.003
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of narrative content was studied in 100 children aged 6-15 years (49 with early-onset hydrocephalus and 51 age-matched controls) by analyzing transcripts of oral texts produced from their narrations of two fairy tales. In relation to those of their age-matched peers, the narratives of the children with...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1006/brln.1994.1008
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The goal of the present research was to provide direct evidence for the cross-language interaction of phonologies at the sub-lexical level by using the masked onset priming paradigm. More specifically, we investigated whether there is a cross-language masked onset priming effect (MOPE) with L2 (English) primes and L1 ...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2014.04.003
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper we examine the tendency for agrammatic aphasics to make thematic reversal errors in comprehension, e.g., a tendency for English-speaking agrammatics to assign a preposed object the subject role. Although this tendency has been argued to follow from either a linear (Grodzinsky, 1995) or a directionality (...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/brln.1998.1988
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, the linguistic performance of 20 patients with acute conduction aphasia (CA) is described. CA presented as a relatively homogeneous aphasic syndrome characterized by a severe impairment of repetition and fluent expressive language functions with frequent phonemic paraphasias, repetitive self-corrections...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0093-934x(02)00502-3
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The traditional clinical picture for English nonfluent aphasics has generally presented the deficit as one of total loss of control over grammatical morphology, with some sparing of word order. This is at odds with recent research involving nonfluent aphasic speakers of highly inflected languages, which has shown that...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0093-934x(91)90156-u
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The investigation of specific lexical categories has substantially contributed to advancing our knowledge on how meaning is neurally represented. One sensory domain that has received particularly little attention is olfaction. This study aims to investigate the neural representation of lexical olfaction. In an fMRI ex...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2018.02.001
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In dichotic listening tasks, the (dominant) right ear's superiority in processing verbal stimuli has been attributed to its direct anatomic connection with the left dominant hemisphere. The role played by extralinguistic factors, such as attention and functional tuning of the associated cortical structures, has not be...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0093-934x(89)90063-1
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was conducted to investigate relationships between semantic and perceptual levels of representation. A picture-word repetition paradigm was used in which we manipulated the semantic relationship between pictures and words. Experiment 1 involved two types of trials, one with words that had the same me...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0093-934x(02)00546-1
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study presents the results of an analysis of pragmatic aspects of language samples obtained from five agrammatic aphasic individuals prior to and following Linguistic Specific Treatment (LST). Clinically and statistically significant positive changes in informativeness and efficiency were documented in posttreatm...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/brln.2001.2452
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fourteen native speakers of German heard normal sentences, sentences which were either lacking dynamic pitch variation (flattened speech), or comprised of intonation contour exclusively (degraded speech). Participants were to listen carefully to the sentences and to perform a rehearsal task. Passive listening to flatt...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0093-934X(03)00350-X
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two cases of acquired spelling dyslexia and one case of developmental spelling dyslexia are described along with accounts of their performance on various psycholinguistic tasks. It is argued that there is some evidence that spelling dyslexia may exist in developmental form but that parallels are difficult to draw beca...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0093-934x(83)90045-7
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::During reading, we can process and integrate information from words allocated in the parafoveal region. However, whether we extract and process the meaning of parafoveal words is still under debate. Here, we obtained Fixation-Related Potentials in a Basque-Spanish bilingual sample during a Spanish reading task. By usi...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2020.104905
更新日期:2021-01-19 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroimaging evidence suggests that bilingualism may act as a source of neural plasticity. However, prior work has mostly focused on bilingualism-induced alterations in gray matter volume and white matter tract microstructure, with additional effects related to other neurostructural indices that might have remained un...
journal_title:Brain and language
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2019.104680
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00