Abstract：
:Optical methods assess different types of light tissue interactions such as light absorption, fluorescence, phosphoresence, scattering, and Doppler shift. In this article, it is reviewed how these different types of light-tissue interactions can be measured and how these measurements can be related to brain function. Based on these considerations, a new classification scheme of functional optical methods is proposed.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Villringer Asubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-01-01 00:00:00pages
1-18eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
413pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Class XVIII myosins represent a branch of the myosin family tree characterized by the presence of large N- and C-terminal extensions flanking a generic myosin core. These myosins display the highest sequence similarity to conventional class II muscle myosins and are compatible with but not restricted to myosin-2 contr...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-38062-5_19
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This chapter provides an overview of diet-gene interaction and the role of dietary factors in human health and disease. Human master control genes that regulate processes of fundamental importance, such as cell proliferation and the immune response, are introduced and their modulation by nutraceuticals, produced by pl...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-7347-4_2
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery of the first homeotic mutation by Calvin Bridges in 1915 profoundly influenced the way we think about developmental processes. Although many mutations modify or deform morphological structures, homeotic mutations cause a spectacular phenotype in which a morphological structure develops like a copy of a s...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-6673-5_2
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunohistochemical localizations of calcineurin subunits A (60 KDa) and B (20 KDa) were examined in a rat brain using subunit specific monoclonal antibodies. The immunoreactivity of the subunit A was abundant in the hippocampus, in the striatum, and in the thalamus, but weak in the neocortex. On the contrary, the imm...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-5679-0_40
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is increasing evidence of close interactions between the adipose and the immune systems. Adipocytes secrete multiple factors, including adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin that have both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects, and influence diseases involving the immune system. Further, adipose tissue also sec...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-78952-1_1
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Articular cartilage contains any ectoenzyme activity, NTP-PPH, which is capable of generating PPi from NTP substrates. The PPi generated is from the cleavage of the alpha-beta pyrophosphate bond of NTP and does not result from the effects of NTP catabolites. NTP-PPH activity is expressed on human skin fibroblasts in c...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-5104-7_23
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The respiratory control system is not fully developed in newborn, and data suggest that adequate nutrition is important for the development of the respiratory control system. Infants need to be fed every 2-4 h to maintain appropriate energy levels, but a skip of feeding can occur due to social economical reasons or mi...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-18440-1_20
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Achromatopsia (ACHM) is caused by a progressive loss of cone photoreceptors leading to color blindness and poor visual acuity. Animal studies and human clinical trials have shown that gene replacement therapy with adeno-associate virus (AAV) is a viable treatment option for this disease. Although there have been succe...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-3209-8_87
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Proteomics involves large-scale comprehensive study of specific proteomes which have been widely used in the field of biomarker discovery, drug development, disease diagnosis and therapy. Comprehensive proteomics involve two or more proteomics approaches that are confirmatory, complementary, and/or synergistic. Obstru...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_32
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein folding and structure have been of interest since the dawn of protein chemistry. Following translation from the ribosome, a protein must go through various steps to become a functional member of the cellular society. Every protein has a unique function in the cell and is classified on this basis. Proteins that...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-23603-2_12
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Effects of taurine supplementation on lipid peroxide formation and the activities of glutathione (GSH) dependent enzymes in diabetic model mice were investigated. Type I diabetes mellitus was induced by injecting alloxan to ICR mice while type II diabetes mellitus was produced by high calorie diet feeding to genetical...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4899-0117-0_13
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mutations in the gene Crumbs homolog 1 (CRB1) are responsible for several retinopathies that are diverse in severity and phenotype. Thus, there is considerable incentive to determine how disruption of this gene causes disease. Progress on this front will aid in developing molecular diagnostics that can predict disease...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-27378-1_41
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a promising application that displays changes in conductivity within a body. The basic principle of the method is the repeated measurement of surface voltages of a body, which are a result of rolling injection of known and small-volume sinusoidal AC current to the body through ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-57348-9_9
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING) is a key mediator in the immune response to cytoplasmic DNA sensed by cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS). After synthesis by cGAS, cGAMP acts as a second messenger activating STING in the cell harboring cytoplasmic DNA but also in adjacent cells through gap junction tra...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-10-5987-2_8
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the last decades, the annual numbers of performed solid organ transplants have continuously increased world-wide. Solid organ transplant recipients (OTR) have a greater risk to develop malignancies, with skin cancer representing the most common neoplasia. Additionally, OTRs in general develop a more aggressive ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4939-0437-2_14
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Free radicals are critical contributors in various conditions including normal aging, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, and diabetes. Currently there is no non-invasive approach to image tissue free radicals based on endogenous contrast due to their extremely short lifetimes and low in vivo concentrations. In this study we...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-55231-6_11
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This chapter illustrates the biostatistical human genetics with an introduction to the T-Test, and the Manhattan Plots in statistics using Human Genetic Data concepts leading to procedures for Statistical Tests and Utilities for Genetic Association. Several R packages are chosen: iGasso, GenABEL, and HardyWeinberg. Ot...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-93791-5_5
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Loudness perception can be studied based on the assumption that sounds of equal loudness elicit equal reaction time (RT; or "response latency"). We measured the underwater RTs of a harbor porpoise to narrowband frequency-modulated sounds and constructed six equal-latency contours. The contours paralleled the audiogram...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_153
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract from different species show a very variable expression of blood group active glycosphingolipids. The core saccharide sequences are typical for the species as, for example, type 1 chains (Gal beta 1----3GlcNAc) are found in the small intestine of man, rat, and pig and ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4613-1663-3_17
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:PAs are intracellular regulators of growth and anabolic processes. Toxic properties of PAs are conferred according to the increasing number of cationic charges. In uremia, PA accumulation occurs both in and outside the cell. Decreased PA synthesis and blunted PA pathway responses suggest PAs may participate in cellula...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-5445-1_6
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the carotid body (or glomus caroticum) was a structure familiar to anatomists in the XVIIIth century, it was not until the beginning of the XXth century that its role was revealed. It was then that the German physiologist Heinrich Hering described the respiratory reflex and he began to study the anatomical ba...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-90-481-2259-2_1
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Five patients with active Wegener's granulomatosis were treated with the immunosuppressive agent Cyclosporin A, along with low dose prednisone. All five patients had previously taken cyclophosphamide, but further treatment with this agent was not desired, either due to patient choice, drug toxicity or malignancy. In i...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4757-9182-2_85
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biobanks are one of the most important biomedical research resources and contribute to the development of biomarker detection, molecular diagnosis, translational medicine, and multidisciplinary disease research, as well as studies of interactions between genetic and environmental or lifestyle factors. Aiming for the w...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-981-10-1503-8_10
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Among the pathological alterations that give tumor cells invasive potential, purinergic signaling is emerging as an important component. Studies performed in in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo glioma models indicate that alterations in the purinergic signaling are involved in the progression of these tumors. Gliomas have l...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-30651-9_5
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nanomaterials are invading our environment due to their increasing use in a very broad range of sectors making human exposure foreseeable during the life cycle of these materials. Inhalation is one of the most frequent routes of exposure in case of unintentional exposure and the small size of nanomaterials allows them...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-72041-8_2
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A single compartment model of the arterial circulation was used to generate an arterial blood pressure waveform from pre-determined stroke volume (SV) and arterial resistance (R). With fixed stroke volume and varying resistances blood pressure waveforms showed mean values proportional to resistance but amplitude lesse...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-74911-2_13
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increasing evidence has shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from body tissues are heterogeneous while being examined in vitro and in vivo. Besides some common characteristics, MSCs derived from different tissues exhibit unique biological properties. In addition, the therapeutic effects of MSCs may vary w...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-11096-3_10
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leukodystrophies are genetically determined disorders affecting the white matter of the central nervous system. The combination of MRI pattern recognition and next-generation sequencing for the definition of novel disease entities has recently demonstrated that many leukodystrophies are due to the primary involvement ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-13-9913-8_9
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that exercise training not only reduces cardiovascular disease risk but also provides direct endogenous cardiovascular protection. The mechanisms that have been proposed to be responsible for exercise-induced cardioprotection include intrinsic myocardial changes such as increased...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-15-1792-1_14
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A substantial knowledge has been collected on the dose-dependent toxic effects of ethanol. Whereas ethanol probably is the chemical substance exerting most toxic effects in many populations, a quantitative estimate of the upper limit of long term safe consumption from a toxicological and public health standpoint has n...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-9038-5_26
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
