Abstract:
BACKGROUND INFORMATION:The rod outer segment (OS) is the specialised organelle where phototransduction takes place. Our previous proteomic and biochemical analyses on purified rod disks showed the functional expression of the respiratory chain complexes I-IV and F1 Fo -ATP synthase in OS disks, as well as active soluble tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes. Here, we focussed our study on the whole OS that contains the cytosol and plasma membrane and disks as native flattened saccules, unlike spherical osmotically intact disks. RESULTS:OS were purified from bovine retinas and characterised for purity. Oximetry, ATP synthesis and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) assays were performed. The presence of COX and F₁F₀-ATP synthase (ATP synthase) was assessed by semi-quantitative Western blotting, immunofluorescence or confocal laser scanning microscopy on whole bovine retinas and bovine retinal sections and by immunogold transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of purified OS or bovine retinal sections. Both ATP synthase and COX are catalytically active in OS. These are able to consume oxygen (O₂) in the presence of pyruvate and malate. CLSM analyses showed that rhodopsin autofluorescence and MitoTracker Deep Red 633 fluorescence co-localise on rod OS. Data are confirmed by co-localisation studies of ATP synthase with Rh in rod OS by immunofluorescence and TEM in bovine retinal sections. CONCLUSIONS:Our data confirm the expression and activity of COX and ATP synthase in OS, suggestive of the presence of an extra-mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in rod OS, meant to supply ATP for the visual transduction. In this respect, the membrane rich OS environment would be meant to absorb both light and O₂. The ability of OS to manipulate O₂ may shed light on the pathogenesis of many retinal degenerative diseases ascribed to oxidative stress, as well as on the efficacy of the treatment with dietary supplements, presently utilised as supporting therapies.
journal_name
Biol Celljournal_title
Biology of the cellauthors
Calzia D,Barabino S,Bianchini P,Garbarino G,Oneto M,Caicci F,Diaspro A,Tacchetti C,Manni L,Candiani S,Ravera S,Morelli A,Enrico Traverso C,Panfoli Idoi
10.1111/boc.201300003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-08-01 00:00:00pages
345-58issue
8eissn
0248-4900issn
1768-322Xjournal_volume
105pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In many cell types, microtubules are preferentially associated with the Golgi apparatus. However, the existence of a functional link between these two organelles is still hypothetical. To gain insight into this question, the relationships between microtubules and the Golgi apparatus were studied in rat hepatocytes dur...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1768-322x.1984.tb00222.x
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antidiuretic hormone induces, in the apical plasma membrane of amphibian urinary bladder epithelial cells, the exocytotic insertion of intramembranous particle aggregates that probably contain water channels. Purification of the apical membrane is a way to characterize the aggregates. The isolation of such purified me...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although there are many macromolecular complexes which play extremely important roles in biology, and despite continued progress in X-ray crystallographic and NMR methods, it is still very difficult to obtain atomic level structural information about such large assemblies. It is now clear that a powerful approach is t...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1768-322x.1994.tb00932.x
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has been utilised to study the post-mortem distribution of aluminium in air-dried frozen sections from unfixed, unstained human brain in order to minimise contamination of the tissue and avoid redistribution and extraction of endogenous tissue aluminium. Substrates, sputt...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0248-4900(92)90016-t
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a heterogeneous group of inherited retinal degenerative diseases, characterized by the progressive death of rod and cone photoreceptors. A tremendous genetic heterogeneity is associated with the RP phenotype. Most mutations affect rods selectively and, through an unknown pathway, cause the...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.biolcel.2004.01.006
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of viral RNA molecules in HeLa cells infected with adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) was determined by in situ hybridization at the ultrastructural level at an intermediate stage of nuclear transformation, when viral DNA synthetic activities were maximal but progeny viruses were still sparse. Transcription site...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0248-4900(91)90060-z
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND INFORMATION:Carcinoma of the oesophagus is the sixth leading cause of cancer death in the western world and is associated with a 5-year survival of less than 15%. Recent evidence suggests that stromal-epithelial interactions are fundamental in carcinogenesis. The advent of co-culture techniques permits the i...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BC20100071
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of triiodothyronine (T3) on avian myoblast proliferation and differentiation was studied in secondary cultures using plating densities of 2,500 and 7,000 cells/cm2. Culture media were depleted of T3 (control myoblasts) and increasing amounts were then added to concentrations of 0.6, 3 and 15 nM T3 (treat...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0248-4900(93)90129-3
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isolated cells from the proximal tubule have previously been used to study specific renal physiological processes. Here we analysed the structural changes induced by mechanical isolation on rat proximal tubule cells. As major modifications we detected: 1) a redistribution of brush border microvilli, which spread out o...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0248-4900(92)90026-w
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human pancreatic ductal cells of the Capan 1 cell line differentiate progressively during growth. After the exponential growth phase, the cells elongate and become polarized with their apical poles covered by microvilli and separated from the basolateral pole by tight junctions. In this stationary phase, they form dom...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0248-4900(94)80004-9
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to determine whether the human lactotransferrin receptor recently described on platelets was also present on hematopoietic precursors, we investigated its presence and characteristics on the megakaryocytic Dami cell line. The reversible binding of human 5-(([2-(carbo(hydrazino)methyl]thio)acetyl)aminofluoresc...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0248-4900(94)80017-0
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::For the purpose of investigating the nature of the nervous factor which controls cell proliferation in limb blastema of Newts, we have cultured primary mesenchymous cells from limb blastemas of Axolotl. The cultures were carried out in Petri dishes (Primaria, Falcon) with a basal medium with contained diluted MEM supp...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1768-322x.1986.tb00512.x
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A digitally-enhanced videomicroscopy study of rabbit gastric parietal cells in primary culture was performed using alternate observations with differential interference contrast and fluorescence optics of cells mounted and perfused on a temperature-controlled microscope stage. The effect of histamine, a physiological ...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0248-4900(90)90349-8
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND INFORMATION:αvβ5 integrin and Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK) receptors reside at the apical surface of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the eye to promote the diurnal, synchronised phagocytosis of shed photoreceptor outer segment fragments (POS) that is critical for vision. Phagocytosis assays studying R...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/boc.201100076
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The plasma membrane components of the parasitic protozoan Entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of human invasive amebiasis, have been biochemically and immunologically characterized during the last decade. In addition, genes coding for certain surface proteins have been cloned. In spite of these advances, a unif...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1768-322x.1991.tb03015.x
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The micromeres, the first cells to be specified in sea urchin embryos, are generated by unequal cleavage at the fourth cell division. The micromeres differentiate autonomously to form spicules and dispatch signals to induce endomesoderm in the neighbouring macromeres cells in the embryo. Using a calcium indicator Fura...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biolcel.2003.11.009
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bovine tracheal gland (BTG) cells in culture show an epithelial-fibroblastoid transition after several passages. To investigate these BTG cell phenotype changes, we studied the effects of both the culture medium and passage number on the expression of epithelial cytoskeletal proteins and glandular serous cell markers....
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0248-4900(91)90008-b
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The chromosomal localization of the mouse gene coding for the 68 kDa intermediate filament subunit of neurones (NF-L) was determined by in situ hybridization using specific 3H-labelled DNA probes. There is only one copy of the NF-L gene. The gene encoding NF-L is located on chromosome 14 region (D1-E1). ...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1768-322x.1989.tb00867.x
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We took advantage of one of the main possibilities of ion microscopy, ie isotopic analysis, to study the cellular distribution of molecules labelled either with carbon 14 or with stable isotopes of low natural abundance such as nitrogen 15 and deuterium. The surface of the sample is bombarded with an ion beam (O2+, Cs...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0248-4900(92)90011-o
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND INFORMATION:TSPO (translocator protein), previously known as PBR (peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor), is a ubiquitous 18 kDa transmembrane protein that participates in diverse cell functions. High-affinity TSPO ligands are best known for their ability to stimulate cholesterol transport in organs synthe...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BC20070157
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The location of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was studied by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy in macrophages infected with a non-invasive Shigella dysenteriae 1 strain. Bacterial degradation began only 3 h after the end of infection. The first visible sign of degradation was detected by immunogold labelling...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0248-4900(90)90343-2
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The oligochaete annelids, belonging to the subfamily Tubificinae, produce two types of spermatozoa: eusperm (the fertilising ones) and parasperm, protecting and carrying the eusperm. The pathway for the production of the two types is common until the onset of meiosis, but then a regular meiosis produces eusperm, where...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0248-4900(02)01185-1
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BC20090145
更新日期:2010-01-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND INFORMATION:The endometrial epithelial cell membrane is a key interface in female reproductive biology. Steroid hormones play a predominant role in cyclic changes which occur at this interface during the female menstrual cycle. Specific changes in the morphology of the endometrial epithelial cell surface bec...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BC20080189
更新日期:2009-06-04 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BC20110049
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND INFORMATION:Netrin-1 is a bi-functional cue that attracts or repels different classes of neurons during development. The netrin-1 receptor DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer) acts as a tyrosine kinase-associated receptor to mediate the attractive response towards netrin-1. The lipid raft-localized Src family ...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BC20070108
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND INFORMATION:The role of the jelly coat that surrounds the amphibian oocytes has been widely discussed, but is poorly understood. The presence of the jelly coat is essential for fertilization. However, the structure and function of the molecules that comprise the jelly coat have not been thoroughly documented...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BC20050051
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in the organization of centrosomes in mouse splenic T lymphocytes stimulated by concanavalin A (con A) were examined by electron microscopy of serial sections. In both resting and stimulated lymphocytes the single centrosome consists of a pair of centrioles, satellite bodies, and pericentriolar material. In re...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1768-322x.1985.tb00332.x
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The occurrence of the tubulin post-translational modification, polyglycylation, in stable microtubular structures was investigated during morphogenesis in two ciliates, Paramecium and Frontonia atra, belonging to the Epiplasmata group. This analysis was carried out by means of immunofluorescence and post-embedding imm...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0248-4900(00)01107-2
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ultrastructural morphometry (point-counting method) was used to evaluate stereological parameters of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), Golgi complex, secretory granules, mitochondria and lysosomes of Rana ridibunda pituitary corticotropic (ACTH) cells in animals subjected to constant environmental conditions (CEC) in...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1768-322x.1986.tb00472.x
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00