Abstract：
:Purines are ubiquitous endogenous metabolites, and their roles as signalling molecules, especially in the case of adenosine and ATP, are well documented. The release of purines is increased when cells are highly activated, stressed or damaged, and this is known to have profound effects on various organ systems. Recently, purines like adenosine and ATP have been shown to be cytotoxic. Current evidence suggests that adenosine induces cell death by apoptosis, whereas ATP appears to cause both necrosis and apoptosis. Apoptosis is an important physiological process during normal tissue turnover and in the maturation of the immune system, embryogenesis, metamorphosis, endocrine-dependent tissue atrophy, etc. Recently, many of the key components of the apoptotic cell death cascade have become unravelled. In particular, proteases belonging to the interleukin-1 beta-converting (ICE) enzyme family, also known as caspases, have been shown to act as an intracellular convergence point that orchestrates the morphological and biochemical features of apoptosis. However, little is known about the signalling or the biochemical mechanisms of purine-mediated cell death. Adenosine appears to act through P1 purinoceptors, although the subtype involved remains controversial, whereas ATP may involve both P2X1 and P2X7 purinoceptors. More recent evidence suggests that the intracellular levels of purines, in addition to the cell surface receptor-mediated responses, may also play a critical role by modulating other apoptotic cell death signals. Here, we review our current understanding about purines in mediating cell death and raise a number of questions as to the possible mechanisms involved.
journal_name
Neuropharmacologyjournal_title
Neuropharmacologyauthors
Chow SC,Kass GE,Orrenius Sdoi
10.1016/s0028-3908(97)00123-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-09-01 00:00:00pages
1149-56issue
9eissn
0028-3908issn
1873-7064pii
S0028390897001238journal_volume
36pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Mutations in LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) are found associated with both sporadic and familial Parkinson's disease (PD). Pathogenic mutations are localized to the catalytic domains of LRRK2, including kinase and GTPase domains. Altered catalytic activity correlates with neurotoxicity, indicating that targeting...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.05.020
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The heart rate of the anaesthetized rabbit was slowed by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus with 7-9 sec trains of 250-330 microA pulses, duration 1 msec, frequency 60 Hz. This vagally-mediated cardio-decelerator response was attenuated in a dose-dependent manner after intravenous administration of phenoxybenz...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(83)90258-7
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Conantokin-G (con-G), conantokin-T (con-T), a truncated conantokin-R (con-R[1-17]), that functions the same as wild-type con-R, and variant sequences of con-T, were chemically synthesized and employed to investigate their selectivities as antagonists of glutamate/glycine-evoked ion currents in human embryonic kidney-2...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.04.016
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mice deficient in the microtubule stabilizing protein STOP (stable tubule only polypeptide) show synaptic plasticity anomalies in hippocampus, dopamine hyper-reactivity in the limbic system and severe behavioral deficits. Some of these disturbances are alleviated by long-term antipsychotic treatment. Therefore, this m...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.03.015
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Orexin/hypocretin signaling at the orexin 1 receptor (OX(1)R) has recently been implicated in addiction and relapse. We examined the role of the orexin system in cocaine-seeking elicited by a drug-associated context following abstinence or extinction from chronic cocaine self-administration. Male Sprague-Dawley rats s...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.06.042
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was designed to clarify whether α2-adrenoceptors of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) are involved in nicotine-induced anxiogenic-like behaviours. Adult male Wistar rats were bilaterally cannulated in the BLA and anxiety-like behaviours were assessed in an elevated plus maze (EPM) task. Systemic intrape...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.02.010
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) is a neuromodulatory peptide for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission. Levels of DBI in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were found to be elevated in depressed patients, when compared to age- and sex-matched normal controls. Levels of the peptide, corticotropin-releasing hormone (...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0028-3908(11)80014-6
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the effects of salvinorin A on the basal and the 12 mM K(+)-evoked release of preloaded [(3)H]noradenaline ([(3)H]NA) and [(3)H]serotonin ([(3)H]5-HT) from mouse hippocampal nerve terminals (synaptosomes), as well as on the basal and 12mM K(+)-evoked release of preloaded [(3)H]dopamine ([(3)H]DA) from ...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.07.023
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) subtypes have been shown to be involved in memory. It is also known that losses of frontal cortical nAchRs are correlated to declining memory function in Alzheimer's disease, but the subtype-specific role of frontal cortical nAchRs in memory has not b...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.03.008
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The weaver defect results in a loss of baclofen- and adenosine-gated K+ conductance in the hippocampus of adult homozygous (wv/wv) mice. In addition, suppression of hippocampal epileptiform activity by baclofen is impaired (Jarolimek, W., Bäurle, J., Misgeld, U., 1998. Pore mutation in a G protein-gated inwardly recti...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0028-3908(99)00089-1
更新日期：2000-01-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Autophagy is an intracellular degradation pathway with dynamic interactions for eliminating damaged organelles and protein aggregates by lysosomal digestion. The EGFP-conjugated microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (EGFP-LC3) serves to monitor autophagic process. Extracellular β-amyloid peptide accumulation ...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.02.003
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we evaluated the gastric effects of methylnaltrexone, an opioid receptor antagonist that does not cross the blood-brain barrier in vivo, on mu, kappa and delta opioid agonists induced brainstem unitary responses in an in vitro neonatal rat brainstem-gastric preparation. Single units in the medial subnuc...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0028-3908(98)00192-0
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and an analog of this hormone, MK-771, were determined on body shaking behavior and on biochemical estimates of the activity of dopamine (DA) neurons in the rat. Both compounds elicited dose-related episodes of "wet-dog shakes". A dose of TRH (20 mg/kg, i.p.) which ca...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(84)90105-9
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Limited information exists on the link between purinergic class P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) and calcium ion channels in epilepsy; no data has been reported regarding the interaction between P2X7Rs and T-type calcium ion channels in epilepsy. Thus, this study is an evaluation of the role that T-type calcium ion channels pl...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.01.027
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review will provide an overview of the non-drug based approaches that have been demonstrated to enhance cognitive function of the compromised brain, primarily focussed on the two most widely adopted paradigms of environmental enrichment and enhanced physical exercise. Environmental enrichment involves the generat...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.06.029
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The (+)-enantiomer of alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG) stereoslectively antagonized the depolarization of neonatal rat motoneurones and the excitation of rat thalamic neurons induced by the specific metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylate (ACPD). (+)-MCPG prefere...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(93)90088-k
更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:About 20-30% of patients with epilepsy continue to have seizures despite carefully monitored treatment with antiepileptic drugs. The mechanisms explaining why some patients' respond and others prove resistant to antiepileptic drugs are poorly understood. It has been proposed that pharmacoresistance is related to reduc...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0028-3908(01)00148-4
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The patch-clamp technique was used to study the effects of nystatin on a cloned delayed rectifier potassium channel (Kv1.3) expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Kv1.3 currents recorded in the whole-cell configuration, using an intracellular solution containing nystatin, were subjected to a time- and concent...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(96)00094-9
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we analysed the implication of superoxide (O2-.) and nitric oxide (NO.) free radicals and their resulting product peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in the neuronal death induced by the activation of the glutamatergic receptor of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype using cultured cerebellar granule cells. The NO...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(93)90020-4
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Compound IG20 is a newly synthesised sulphated glycolipid that promotes neuritic outgrowth and myelinisation, at the time it causes the inhibition of glial proliferation and facilitates exocytosis in chromaffin cells. Here we have shown that IG20 at 0.3-10 μM afforded neuroprotection in rat hippocampal slices stressed...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.12.016
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tau hyperphosphorylation and memory deficit are characteristic alterations of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) plays a crucial role in these AD-like changes. We have reported that activation of GSK-3 through ventricular injection of wortmannin and GF-109203X (WT/GFX, 100 microM each) in...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.02.008
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of the stress-induced increase in the uptake of tryptophan in brain in opioid-induced analgesia was investigated by modifying the uptake of amino acid in brain with injections of competing amino acids. Blockade of analgesia by valine (200 mg/kg, i.p.) alone, and by valine and tyrosine (100 mg/kg, i.p.), but n...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(85)90185-6
更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Some phytochemical-derived synthetic compounds have been shown to improve neurological disorders, especially in ischemic stroke. In this study, we identified a novel biscoumarin compound, known as COM 3, which had substantial antioxidant effects in neurons. Next, we found that COM 3 occupies a critical binding site be...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107918
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is widely used for patients with thromboembolic disease, and increasing evidence indicates that it can directly induce neurotoxicity independent of its thrombolysis property. Here, we aimed to confirm the long-term effect of rtPA on animal's behavior, and inves...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.039
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of varying the ratio of extraction volume to tissue weight (EVR) on the apparent concentration of histamine (HA) in the hypothalamus of the rat was examined. Increasing the weight of tissue (by pooling 1, 2 or 3 hypothalami), in a constant extraction volume, resulted in progressive decreases in apparent con...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(87)90263-2
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neurochemical basis for the clinical observation that some patients receiving a large dose of haloperidol exhibit no extrapyramidal side effects was investigated in rats. Haloperidol at doses of 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mg/kg (i.p.) caused a dose-dependent decrease in the duration of catalepsy. Haloperidol at a dose ...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(85)90079-6
更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anxiety disorders contribute to the pathophysiology of psychiatric diseases, including major depression, substance abuse, and schizophrenia. The hippocampus is important for anxiety modulation. However, the mechanisms that control the neuronal activity of the hippocampus in anxiety are still not clear. We found that E...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.03.014
更新日期：2017-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the present studies was to investigate the behavioral and convulsant effects produced by the group I metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG). Administered i.c.v. to mice, (S)-3,5-DHPG produced a behavioral syndrome consisting of scratching and/or facial grooming, tr...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.01.017
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The potential role of N-linked glycosylation of the human type 1alpha metabotropic glutamate (mGlu1alpha) receptor was studied in a recombinant, inducible expression system, where receptor expression was induced in the absence and presence of tunicamycin. In the absence of tunicamycin the mGlu1alpha receptor appeared ...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0028-3908(99)00099-4
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Putative kappa binding was investigated in homogenates of the brain of the rat using [3H]ethylketocylazocine and [3H]diprenorphine under conditions where mu and delta sites were blocked. Under blocked conditions, the binding of [3H]ethylketocyclazocine labelled a single site, as defined by kinetic and equilibrium anal...
journal_title：Neuropharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0028-3908(85)90169-8
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
