Abstract:
:The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) and the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP) mandate protection of public health, welfare, and the environment at Superfund hazardous waste sites. The NCP requires lead response agenciesto integrate baseline risk assessments into the remedial process that "assess threats to the environment." EPA policy statements direct regional offices to perform thorough, consistent ecological risk assessments, and stress the importance of coordination and technical consultation with the natural resource trustees. As a Federal natural trustee, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) role and responsibilities within the CERCLA process also are defined and mandated by Federal law. NOAA is responsible for identifying sites in the coastal zone that may affect natural resources, evaluating injury to trust resources, and providing technical advice on assessments and remedial and restoration alternatives. Statutes require lead cleanup agencies and trustee agencies to notify and coordinate with each other during CERCLA response. Over the past ten years, NOAA has gained valuable experience and technical expertise in environmental assessments and in evaluating contaminated aquatic environments. NOAA fulfills its responsibilities through an effective network of Coastal Resource Coordinators (CRCs) who can rapidly respond to local technical requirements and priorities, and coordinate effectively with technical and trustee representatives. In addition to CRCs, an interdisciplinary support group provides technical expertise in the scientific disciplines required to respond to the needs of regional activities. NOAA provides CRCs to coastal EPA regional offices for technical support, and to act as liaisons with Federal and state natural resource trustee agencies. The CRCs help EPA and other lead response agencies identify and assess risks to coastal resources from hazardous waste sites and to develop cost-effective strategies to minimize those risks. Notification of trustees of potential natural resource injuries and coordination of subsequent investigations helps Federal and state trustees to carry out their responsibilities effectively. Trustees' early involvement in the scoping of ecological risk assessments ensures that assessments and the entire remedial process adequately evaluate the risk to trust resources. Coordination throughout the process makes it easier to develop cost-effective and protective remedies that enhance the recovery of natural resources. Examples of NOAA's successful coordination and cooperative ecological risk assessments will be presented in brief case studies for both EPA and Department of Defense (DOD) lead sites.
journal_name
Drug Chem Toxicoljournal_title
Drug and chemical toxicologyauthors
Fritz AT,Buchman MFdoi
10.3109/01480549709003889subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-11-01 00:00:00pages
307-12issue
4eissn
0148-0545issn
1525-6014journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Peroxysomicine A1, a novel potential anticancer compound induced cell death in established cell lines and in a primary culture of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. Non-transformed cells are less sensitive to the compound than transformed cell lines. Fluorescent microscopy of dying cells stained with DNA-specific dyes revea...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1081/dct-100103725
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three chemotoxins including dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and thioacetamide (TAA) are commonly used in hepatofibrotic models. We aimed to draw characteristics of histopathology and pro-fibrogenic cytokines including TGF-β, PDGF and CTGF among three models. Rats were divided into six groups an...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480545.2015.1052143
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given the increasing prevalence of occupational sensitization to acrylate compounds, n-butyl acrylate (BAC), ethyl acrylate (EAC), and trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMT) were recommended by the National Toxicology Program for hypersensitivity testing in female B6C3F1 mice. The objectives of these studies were to de...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480549909042528
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endophytic fungi are promising sources of bioactive substances; however, their secondary metabolites are toxic to plants, animals, and humans. This study aimed toevaluate the toxic, cytotoxic, mutagenic and oxidant/antioxidant activities of acetonitrile extract (AEPc), citrinin (CIT) and dicitrinin-A (DIC-A) of Penici...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480545.2020.1769642
更新日期:2020-05-25 00:00:00
abstract::This Visual Basic computer program has been developed for drug dosage conversions using metabolically active mass (MAM) of the animals. The two body weights (one with known dosage and the other, for which the dosage has to be calculated) and the known dosage are entered in the respective input boxes and the appropriat...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1081/dct-120017557
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Short-term lymphocyte cultures from human peripheral blood samples were incubated with various aliquots of the carbofuran pesticide. After 48 h of initiation and 24 h of exposure to the carbofuran pesticide aliquots, it was seen that carbofuran caused an increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations, and the in...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1081/dct-200064508
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We designed this study to identify the factors associated with time to successful weaning in mechanically ventilated organophosphate (OP)-poisoned patients as the primary outcomes while duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) support, intensive care unit (ICU), and hospital length of stay (LOS) and in-hospital mortali...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
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doi:10.1080/01480545.2020.1870487
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abstract::Lavender and immortelle essential oils (EOs) are widely used to treat a spectrum of human conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate cyto/genotoxic effects of lavender and immortelle EOs using plant cells (Allium cepa) and human lymphocytes, as well as their antimicrobial potential using nine strains of bact...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480545.2018.1538234
更新日期:2021-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cisplatin (CP) is a widely used cytotoxic agent against cancer, and high doses of CP have been known to cause nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. Some reports claim that antioxidants can reduce CP-induced toxicity. This study investigated the hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and antioxidant activity of Urtica dioica...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
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doi:10.3109/01480545.2011.598531
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A toxicity Evaluation of DDT and dieldrin was conducted using Japanese Quail. The effects of feeding DDT (5 and 50 ppm of diet) and dieldrin (0.1 and 1.0 ppm of diet) in this four generation study (parental, F1, F2 and F3) were examined in terms of growth, viability, and/or reproduction of offspring. Ten groups (inclu...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480547809034431
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dual inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism prevent cancer development and induce apoptosis. One of the most promising compounds that blocks both of these pathways is licofelone. We questioned whether licofelone affects the survival and/or promotes apoptosis o...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480545.2013.806525
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An automatic system was developed to monitor continuously the colonic temperature of laboratory animals during inhalation exposure to toxic chemicals. It includes: an automatic switchbox, a control circuit, a recorder and a digital voltmeter. The system was calibrated for different temperature ranges and used for a ye...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480547809105018
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prolonged exposure to aluminum through occupational hazards or food/water intake has been linked to the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed at investigating the neuroprotective effects of Gallic Acid (GA) against aluminum-chloride induced AD in adult Wistar rats. Twenty eight (28) adult Wistar rat...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
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doi:10.1080/01480545.2020.1754849
更新日期:2020-04-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Parkinsonism describes Parkinson's disease and other associated degenerative changes in the brain resulting in movement disorders. The motor cortex, extrapyramidal tracts and nigrostriatal tract are brain regions forming part of the motor neural system and are primary targets for drug or chemotoxins induced ...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480545.2014.975355
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of the present study was to evaluate the oxidative stress potential of low-level organophosphate fenthion exposure with the modulatory effect of buthionine sulfoximine in the liver of Cyprinus carpio L. The fish were exposed to 20% of 96-hour LC(50) of fenthion for 24 and 96 hours. Total and oxidized glu...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480540802171233
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous work has suggested that endogenous sulfhydryls, such as glutathione (GSH) and cysteine, are involved in the uptake and toxicity of HgCl2. To study this possibility, uptake and toxicity of synthesized Hg(SG)2, Hg(cysteinylglycine)2 [Hg(CYS-GLY)2] and Hg(CYS)2 were investigated in rabbit renal proximal tubule s...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480549909017838
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fluoride reactivation process was evaluated for measuring the level of sarin or soman nerve agents reactivated from substrates in plasma and tissue from in vivo exposed guinea pigs (Cava porcellus), in blood from in vivo exposed rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), and in spiked human plasma and purified human albumin...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1081/dct-120027901
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatic cysteamine and non-protein sulfhydryl (NPSH) levels were determined in galactosamine (GAL)-poisoned rats following hepatoprotective cystamine or cysteamine treatments to determine whether alterations of hepatic NPSH status could contribute to their observed protective actions. D(+)-Galactosamine HC1 (400 mg/kg...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480548509041071
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemical pretreatment is effective against a 2 LD50 challenge of soman, sarin or VX or a 5 LD50 challenge of tabun. Chemical pretreatment followed by post challenge therapy should be effective against greater levels of agent. Such tests in guinea pigs are reported here; pretreatment regimens (PRGs) consisted of physos...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480549209014157
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During a preclinical safety evaluation study, an indication of ocular toxicity was noted in beagle dogs receiving orally (gelatin capsules) once a day, 7 days a week for, respectively, 7 and 91 days, 10 mg/kg/day of Lortalamine, a new non-tricyclic anti-depressant compound. Lortalamine treated dogs showed, progressive...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480549009032289
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adverse reactions induced by Chinese herbal injections have been frequently reported. However, the precise causes of these adverse reactions are not yet fully understood. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of chlorogenic acid (a ubiquitous component of Chinese herbs) in the toxicity of Chinese herb...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480540903580055
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluated the tissue distribution of total radioactivity in male albino, male pigmented, and time-mated female albino rats after oral administration of a single dose of [¹⁴C]-bilastine (20 mg/kg). Although only 1 animal was analyzed at each time point, there were apparent differences in bilastine distributi...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480545.2012.682650
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were gavaged with 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) dissolved in corn oil at 0, 60, 180, or 240 mg/kg/day for five days. A single oral dose (0.5 mg/kg) of triethylenemelamine was used as a positive control. Induction of dominant lethal events was scored on the basis of early fetal deaths. At ...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480548509038650
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to assess the compatibility, in terms of red blood cell acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, of ondansetron (OND; a 5-hydroxytryptamine subtype-3 receptor antagonist) with the organophosphorus pretreatment compound pyridostigmine (PYR) after simultaneous oral (p.o.) administration to g...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480549609002193
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Celecoxib has been shown to have an antitumor effect in previous studies, but the mechanisms are unclear. Ca(2+) is a key second messenger in most cells. The effect of celecoxib on cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)](i)) in human suspended PC3 prostate cancer cells was explored by using fura-2 as a fluoresc...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480545.2011.638927
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The teratogenicity of p-tert-butylphenol formaldehyde resin, novolak type, (PTBP-FR) was examined in Wistar rats. Pregnant rats were fed diets containing 0, 2.5, 5 or 10% of PTBP-FR ad libitum from day 6 to day 15 of pregnancy. Maternal toxicity, as evidenced by a decreased maternal body weight gain and food consumpti...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
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doi:10.3109/01480549308998227
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to investigate possible interference of Xenobiotics with SUMOylation in eukaryotic cells. To begin with, we docked 71 chemical structures from PubChem with human SUMO1 and UBC9 protein structures using Auto Dock 4.2 and Hex 6.3 and selected five compounds for binding studies in Surface Plasmon ...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480545.2018.1526179
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The availability of tissue glutathione (GSH) appears to depend upon a balance between tissue concentrations, the rate of reactive metabolite formation and the re-synthesis of GSH. To test this hypothesis, diethyl maleate (DEM, 5.8 mmol/kg bw) was administered intraperitoneally to male and female mice, hamsters, rats a...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480548408998263
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tempol (4-hydroxy tempo), a pleiotropic antioxidant is reported to afford protection against cisplatin (CP)-induced nephrotoxicity. However, molecular mechanisms of action of tempol in improving the renal function in CP-induced nephrotoxicity are not fully understood. We investigated the attenuating effect of tempol a...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01480545.2020.1831011
更新日期:2020-10-20 00:00:00
abstract::2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a persistent environmental toxin formed as an unintentional by-product of incomplete combustion. Several therapeutic approaches have evolved to combat its toxicity since it elicits immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, carcinogenicity and lethality. Search for dru...
journal_title:Drug and chemical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/01480545.2014.919582
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00