Abstract:
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Snacking has increased globally. We examine snacking patterns and common snack foods in Brazil. SUBJECTS/METHODS:Data from the first of two non-consecutive food diaries from 34,003 individuals (aged ≥ 10 years) in the first Brazillian nationally representative dietary survey (2008-2009) were used. Meals were defined as the largest (kcal) eating event reported during select times of the day (Breakfast, 0600-1000 hours; Lunch, 1200-1500 hours; Dinner, 1800-2100 hours); all other eating occasions were considered snacks. We estimate daily energy intake, percentage of persons consuming snacks, number of daily snacks and per capita and per consumer energy from snacks (kcal/day, kcal/snack and % of daily energy from snacks). RESULTS:In all, 74% of Brazilians (≥ 10 years) snacked, reporting an average 1.6 snacks/day. Also, 23% of the sample were heavy snackers (≥ 3 snacks/day). Snacking accounted for 21% of daily energy intake in the full sample but 35.5% among heavy snackers. Compared with non-snackers (1548 kcal/day), light (1-2 snacks/day) and heavy snackers consumed more daily energy (1929 and 2334 kcal/day, respectively). Taking into account time of day, the largest percentage of persons reported afternoon/early evening snacking (1501-1759 hours, 47.7%). Sweetened coffee and tea, sweets and desserts, fruit, sugar-sweetened beverages, and high-calorie salgados (fried/baked dough with meat/cheese/vegetable) were the top five most commonly consumed snacks. Differences were observed by age groups. Trends in commercial sales were observed, especially for sugar-sweetened beverages. CONCLUSIONS:Many commonly consumed snack foods in Brazil are classified, in the US, as being high in solid fats and added sugars. The public health impact of snacking in Brazil requires further exploration.
journal_name
Eur J Clin Nutrjournal_title
European journal of clinical nutritionauthors
Duffey KJ,Pereira RA,Popkin BMdoi
10.1038/ejcn.2013.60subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-08-01 00:00:00pages
868-74issue
8eissn
0954-3007issn
1476-5640pii
ejcn201360journal_volume
67pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Food fortification can deliver essential micronutrients to large population segments without modifications in consumption pattern, suggesting that fortified foods may be formulated for populations at risk for fragility fractures. This scoping review determined the extent to which randomized controlled studies have bee...
journal_title:European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:European journal of clinical nutrition
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journal_title:European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vitamin B12 and folate status were determined in 35 male HIV seropositive patients. Of these, 16 were asymptomatic (CDC II/III) and 19 were symptomatic (CDC IV) according to the Centre for Disease Control (CDC) Classification. Deviations from normal values for serum B12, serum folate and red cell folate were not a com...
journal_title:European journal of clinical nutrition
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doi:
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journal_title:European journal of clinical nutrition
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更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of clinical nutrition
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更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1038/ejcn.2010.189
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of clinical nutrition
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更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:The fatty acid pattern of membrane phospholipids is suggested to affect membrane fluidity and epithelial barrier function as a result of membrane fatty acid unsaturation. The incorporation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) into membrane phospholipids may diminish inflammatory potential in...
journal_title:European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1038/ejcn.2009.151
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:In Hebei province, China, over six million people are potentially exposed to excessive iodine through consumption of high iodine underground drinking water and consumption of iodized salt. The aim of this study is to evaluate the contributions of drinking water and iodized salt on children's iodin...
journal_title:European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ejcn.2013.127
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alcohol-induced hypoglycaemia is a well-known phenomenon in insulin-treated diabetic subjects. Less attention has been paid to the impact of alcohol on blood glucose and insulin responses in non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute metabolic effects of different alcoh...
journal_title:European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nutrient profiling classifies individual food products according to their nutrient content. According to the WHO (World Health Organization), validation is a key step in the development of a nutrient profiling system. The aim was to assess the construct validity of five European nutrient profiling systems (Choices, Ke...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ejcn.2013.95
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ejcn.2012.55
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600805
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:To compare single estimations of fat-free mass (FFM) and to track FFM using single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) compared with a four-compartment (4C) model in healthy elderly Americans. SUBJECTS/METHODS:Thirty-four men and thirty-eigh...
journal_title:European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ejcn.2012.163
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We set up a baseline data on urinary iodine excretion from a nationwide representative sample of rural schoolchildren before instituting iodine supplementation. DESIGN:Stratified multistage cluster sampling in three different strata: lowlands, foothills and mountainous areas. Early morning urine samples were...
journal_title:European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600562
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title:European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602068
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ejcn.2015.37
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41430-018-0169-z
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was conducted to test the efficacy of fibre supplementation for hypercholesterolaemia in subjects from the desert Nomads. Ten males (53 +/- 8 years of age) participated in this study which consisted of three phases: baseline-1 period (2 weeks) in which subjects were on their normal, habitual dietary ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Direct evidence for the effects of vegetable intake on weight loss is qualified. The study aimed to assess the effect of higher vegetable consumption on weight loss. SUBJECTS/METHODS:A single blind parallel controlled trial was conducted with 120 overweight adults (mean body mass index=29.98 kg/m...
journal_title:European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1038/ejcn.2014.39
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601395
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare if postprandial glucose and insulin responses to wholekernel rye bread are lower than to wheat bread, and to see if these responses to two types of rye breads are different. To explore starch digestion in more detail, rate of starch hydrolysis of same breads was measured in vitro. DESIGN:Subjects ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600716
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00