Abstract:
BACKGROUND:The alternating prism and cover test is the conventional test for the measurement of the angle of strabismus. The error induced by the prismatic effect of glasses is typically about 27-30%/10 D. Alternatively, the angle of strabismus can be measured with methods based on Purkinje reflex positions. This study examines the differences between three such options, taking into account the influence of glasses. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The studied system comprised the eyes with or without glasses, a fixation object and a device for recording the eye position: in the case of the alternate prism and cover test, a prism bar was required; in the case of a Purkinje reflex based device, light sources for generation of reflexes and a camera for the documentation of the reflex positions were used. Measurements performed on model eyes and computer ray traces were used to analyze and compare the options. RESULTS:When a single corneal reflex is used, the misalignment of the corneal axis can be measured; the error in this measurement due to the prismatic effect of glasses was 7.6%/10 D, the smallest found in this study. The individual Hirschberg ratio can be determined by monocular measurements in three gaze directions. CONCLUSIONS:The angle of strabismus can be measured with Purkinje reflex based methods if the fundamental differences between these methods and the alternate prism and cover test, and if the influence of glasses and other sources of error are accounted for.
journal_name
Klin Monbl Augenheilkdjournal_title
Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkundeauthors
Barry JC,Backes Adoi
10.1055/s-2008-1034870subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-04-01 00:00:00pages
234-9issue
4eissn
0023-2165issn
1439-3999journal_volume
212pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:The correction of lower eyelid retraction remains a challenge with established techniques having disadvantages. A recently described alternative is implantation of an ultrathin high density porous polyethylene lower eyelid spacer (Medpor LES). We report our experience on implanting this Medpor LES, especiall...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2006-926508
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using the laser flare-cell meter (LFMC), we have previously determined the intensity and pattern of post-ALT ocular inflammation. Inflammation peak occurs 48 hours after ALT and clinically relevant inflammation is seen in 100% of pigmentary glaucomas (PIG), 75% of pseudoexfoliative glaucomas (PEXG) but only in 25% of ...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1045765
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine the role of Indocyanin Green (ICG) angiography in localizing occult new vessels associated with age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) and assess the possibilities of ICG guided laser photocoagulations. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Fluorescein and ICG angiographies (IMAGEnet system) of 62 patients with o...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1035228
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The trend of lid reconstruction is to use less lid sharing operations. Free tarsoconjunctival or composite grafts in conjunction with covering skin muscle transplants have allowed suitable and cosmetically acceptable methods of full lid repairs. Our preferred surgical techniques are provided. Such methods of reconstru...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1045933
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::On the basis of data collected over a period of 22 years from 376 patients enucleated at the Eye Clinic of Karl Marx University, Leipzig because of malignant choroidal melanoma, the prognostic significance and reliability of various histopathological characteristics was investigated. The most significant characteristi...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1050116
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Glaucoma is the main cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Because of the increasing mean age, glaucoma is expected to become more common in the developing countries. Besides tonometry and perimetry the appearance of the optic nerve head is a main part of glaucoma diagnosis. Ethnic differences have t...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0028-1109644
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The motorist obtains about 90% of the information required to drive a vehicle from the sense of vision. In road traffic, various situations with respect to size, distance, and position have to be evaluated at different speeds. Does depth perception based on disparity play an essential role in these situation...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2000-10343
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reports on 6 cases of keratoconjunctivitis caused by the latex of Euphorbiaceae, one of them with slight systemic intoxication. Phorbolesters are considered to be responsible for the toxicity of the latex of Euphorbiaceae, e.g., in the case of Euphorbia helioscopia, 12-Desoxyphorbol-13-phenylacetate-2-O-ace...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1050944
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In order to obtain artifact-free electro-oculogram recordings the subject's cooperation is necessary. The aim of our study is to evaluate the recording characteristics of short-duration EOG and to compare the effect of mydriasis on electro-oculogram recordings in a cohort of controls. PATIENTS AND METHODS:E...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1396330
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nine patients with peripheral chronic cyclitis and cystic edema of the macula were treated with azathioprine and small doses of corticosteroids. The results were quite good. In fact the inflammatory signs subsided nearly completely, while the cystic edema was still present in 2 cases. Besides excellent compatibility, ...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1977-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sometimes the statistical comparison of diagnostic measurement methods or subsequent measurement series in the same individuals is based on bivariate scattergrams; correlation coefficients and linear regression lines are provided in addition. However, this strategy for data representation must be considered inappropri...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2002-35165
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gonioscopic changes after cyclocryocoagulation are reported in 4 patients with angle-closure glaucoma resistant to all forms of therapy. During cryoapplication frozen aqueous humor was observed in the chamber angle near the treated area. Widening of the angle followed in the same place. Possible causes of this change ...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1054326
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Antibodies (Ab) against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) are found in 80 - 90 % of generalized myasthenia gravis (MG), but only in 50 % of pure ocular MG. Furthermore, Ab against the muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) were detected in 38 - 54 % of patients with AChR-Ab-negative ("seronegative")...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2005-858629
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vitamin A, the fat soluble vitamin, must be supplied orally before resorption in the mucosa of the small intestine and storage in the liver. Vitamin A deficiency can cause alterations in the anterior segment of the eye, from Bitot spots, which are reversible, to irreversible keratomalacia. PATIENTS AND METH...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1045496
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study the learning risk of a new surgical technique, the deep sclerectomy (DS), which may be complicated with a perforation of the trabeculodescemetic membrane. To do so, we compared the results and the complications of patients who underwent DS transformed in trabeculectomy (DSt) and those of patients who...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1035050
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The term "hippus" describes pupillary oscillations of variable amplitude and frequency and may be physiological or part of a pathological entity. Thus, pupillary hippus is often the target of extensive clinical investigation. CASE REPORT:A 9-year-old boy was seen in our emergency room in March 1998. Examina...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2000-10530
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report on ten patients of four generations with autosomal dominant vitreoretinal dystrophy with different manifestation. The ophthalmological findings are retinal detachment, retinal holes, retinoschisis, lattice and snowflake degeneration, vitreoretinal adhesions, chorioretinal atrophy and peripheral pigment epith...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1045954
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The way in which a varying amount of blood runs past an almost obliterating yellowish-grey, homogenous "embolus" in a branch of the artery is shown. Finally although the "embolus" remained, there was an almost normal blood flow in amount. Retinal arteries running downwards showed changing vascular spasms, sometimes a...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We investigated the presence of Nicotinamid-adenin-dinucleotid-phosphat (NADPH)-diaphorase activity in endothelial cells of the human uveal vessels, using a histochemical procedure which presumably localizes the reaction product nitric oxide. MATERIAL AND METHODS:11 donor eyes destined for corneal transplan...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1035414
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Optometer can be used in a binocular manner if the loupe-lens is replaced by a concave mirror of appropriate size and form. The concave mirror or the plane mirror connected to it can be partially transparent. With an appropriate arrangement of these elements the test field can be seen in free space. The image can ...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::By means of fluorescein angiography extensive defects in the pigmented epithelium found in choroideremia can be shown to be present in the first ten years of life. The degeneration of the vessels of the choroid and the functional damage to the retina do not seem to take place until later. ...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case report is given of a vascular disease of right retina of a 37-year-old woman during treatment with contraceptives during 9 years. The retina shows at first a clinical picture of chorioretinitis centralis serosa. After stopping the hormonal preparation and prescription of Dexium (Kalziumdobesilat) the retinal ch...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To heighten the awareness of the medical world to the importance of correct and rapid diagnosis in the presence of leukocoria in the child. METHODS:Starting with the presenting symptom, the authors present the guide lines to follow in a practical manner in order to reach a diagnosis in the principal retinal di...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1034807
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To analyse the impact of cataract surgery after filtering operation on the intraocular pressure (IOP) due to primary open angle glaucoma (pOAG) versus secondary open angle glaucoma in pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX). The regulation of IOP was evaluated on the basis of criteria of advanced glaucoma intervention...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2002-26725
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 67-year-old woman patient presented with protrusion of the right globe of unknown origin. Computer tomography revealed a probably benign space-occupying lesion (osteoma) originating in the orbital wing portion of the sphenoidal bone and extending to the orbital roof of the frontal bone. ...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1057477
更新日期:1980-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Basing on the bipolar-coaxial wetfield-diathermy, introduced in microsurgery 1974 by the author, an anterior capsulotomy instrument using a modulated RF-current was published in 1984. In the meantime several patients have been operated successfully with this technique. However, further experimental studies allowed a r...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1045809
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to pathological myopia (PM) occurs in up to 10 % of PM and the natural course often leads to a considerable deterioration of visual acuity. Treatment options like laser or PDT can stabilize visual acuity. Alternatives like ranibizumab are new treatment options that s...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1273210
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Purpose of these study was the evaluation of a new method for the measurement of haemoglobin oxygenation in retinal vessels. Patients with branch retinal artery occlusion have been measured before and after a rheological therapy. METHODS:The haemoglobin oxygenation in retinal vessels was measured by the "oxy...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0029-1245117
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy with Pegaptanib was effective in neovascular AMD in the VISION study. We report our experience with Macugen for the treatment of occult or minimally classic choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). PATIENTS AND METHODS:35 eyes of 35 pat...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1027474
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Achromatopsia is an autosomal recessive inherited retinal disease caused by a complete loss of cone photoreceptor function. About 80 % of achromatopsia patients show mutations in the alpha or beta subunit (A3 and B3) of the cGMP controlled cation channel CNG (cyclic nucleotide-gated channel) of cone photoreceptors. Ho...
journal_title:Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1368180
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00