Abstract:
:Throughout this century in the United States, tension has existed between those who believe drug abuse is best combatted through the criminal justice system and those who emphasize a medical/public health model of prevention and treatment. In the last decade this debate has centered around the person of the pregnant addict. The former have construed her addiction as willful harm to the fetus punishable on criminal and child abuse grounds. The latter have countered that pregnancy is a moment of increased motivation for treatment and focused on expansion and improvement of treatment options. Both managed care and welfare reform have exacerbated conditions between these opposing policy approaches. The addicted woman is increasingly caught between policies that punish her drug use without options for overcoming addiction.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Chavkin W,Wise PH,Elman Dsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-06-21 00:00:00pages
335-40eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632journal_volume
846pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The human spatial orientation system is highly complex and nonlinear. It is difficult, therefore, to arrive at an unequivocal model of the underlying processing by merely combining the known elementary mechanisms ("bottom-up" approach); additional "top-down" concepts are required to narrow the choice between several f...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1303.028
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The first studies of the pharmacological induction of fetal hemoglobin were conducted in patients with sickle cell disease and thalassemia. Although hydroxyurea was approved by the FDA for the treatment of sickle cell disease in 1996, no similar pharmacological agent(s) has been approved for the treatment of patients ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1345.029
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::T1DM is a disease that affects pancreatic beta cells and results in severe insulin depletion. T1DM is a multigenic disease, and the strongest genetic association with this disease is shown by the genes in MHC class II, namely, DQA1 and DQB1. The other gene that has been implicated in susceptibility to T1DM is the MICA...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1337.025
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The potential health hazards involved with antineoplastic agents have been known for decades. Many anticancer drugs are recognized as carcinogens and genotoxins in experimental assays. Second cancers have been recorded in follow-up studies with treated patients. The first findings on occupational exposures among hospi...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1371.008
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present epidemiological data support and extend previous evidence in men and animals. Thus, a poor plasma status of vitamin C (less than 23 microM = 0.4 mg/dl) and/or of cholesterol-standardized vitamin E (less than 20-21.5 microM = 9 mg/l) occurs in westernized countries with an increased risk of IHD. A poor stat...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb23755.x
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::As illustrated in Figure 1, a disturbance of the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis is thought to be a common pathogenic factor for the generation of secondary nerve cell damage that develops after brain trauma or stroke or during the course of neurodegenerative diseases. A neuronal Ca2+ overload which may result from an ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48409.x
更新日期:1997-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Cognitive enhancement, the amplification or extension of core capacities of the mind, has become a major topic in bioethics. But cognitive enhancement is a prime example of a converging technology where individual disciplines merge and issues transcend particular local discourses. This article reviews currently availa...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite a globally uniform increase in the concentrations of emitted greenhouse gases, radiatively forced surface warming can have significant spatial variations. These define warming patterns that depend on preexisting climate states and through atmospheric and oceanic dynamics can drive changes of the hydrological c...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/nyas.14335
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In response to infection or effective vaccination, naive antigen-specific CD8+ T cells undergo a dramatic highly orchestrated activation process. Initial encounter with an appropriately activated antigen-presenting cell leads to blastogenesis and an exponential increase in antigen-specific CD8+ T cell numbers. Simulta...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05126.x
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The LGR7/RXFP1 and LGR8/RXFP2 receptors are unique receptors among the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in having a low-density lipoprotein class A (LDL-A) module. Their complex gene organization, among the intron-richest of the GPCRs, suggests that alternative splicing is a common occurrence. We have therefore inv...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.03826.x
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many therapeutic options exist for the management of patients with Ménière's disease. In the last few years, the use of intratympanic gentamicin has been investigated as an alternative treatment to vestibular nerve section or labyrinthectomy. In humans, the concentration of gentamicin used for intratympanic treatment ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08658.x
更新日期:1999-11-28 00:00:00
abstract::The intracellular bacterium, Ehrlichia ruminantium, is the causative agent of heartwater, a tick-borne disease of livestock. Because vaccines need to incorporate components from several virulent isolates, it is essential to have information on the extent of genetic variation among isolates. We therefore amplified and ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1355.017
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We hypothesize that stimulation of Na+-K+-Cl+ cotransporter (NKCC1) causes Na+ overload that may lead to reversal of Na+-Ca2+ exchanger isoform 1 (NCX1) and ischemic neuronal damage. NCX1 protein expression and Ca2+ influx via reversal of NCX were decreased by approximately 70% in NCX1+/- neurons. Compared to NCX1+/+ ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1387.016
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the role of the peptide substance P, signaling through the neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor, on methamphetamine-induced loss of dopamine transporter sites, a well-documented marker of toxicity in the striatum of the mouse brain, because this peptide is under dynamic regulation by the neurotransmitter dopamine. ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04166.x
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contemporary management of atrial fibrillation imposes many challenges, particularly in the setting of our aging population. In addition to well-recognized consequences, such as stroke and mortality, emerging evidence relates atrial fibrillation to elevated risk of dementia, posing further therapeutic challenges. As t...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06494.x
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parachlamydiaceae are potential emerging pathogens that naturally infect free-living amoebae. We investigated the affects of incubation temperature on the growth and cytopathic effect of P. acanthamoeba in Acanthamoeba polyphaga. A. polyphaga were infected with P. acanthamoeba and incubated at different temperatures f...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07437.x
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::N-type calcium channels both generate the initial calcium signal to trigger neurotransmitter release and also interact with synaptic release proteins at many mammalian central nervous system synapses. Two isoforms of the alpha 1B N-type channel from rat brain (alpha 1B-I and alpha 1B-II) were found to differ in four r...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb11282.x
更新日期:1999-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::Disorders of sexual differentiation (DSDs) presenting during adolescence are discussed, and molecular explanations are given for some. DSD conditions are often discovered during early adolescence, an age well known to predispose to high risk for adjustment problems. Presentation may be with lack of or minimal pubertal...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1429.028
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The natural tetrapeptide acetyl-ser-asp-lys-pro (AcSDKP) is formed in vivo by enzymatic cleavage of the N terminus of thymosin beta4 by prolyl oligopeptidase (POP). Recently, AcSDKP was shown to promote angiogenesis. Because of the critical role of neovascularization in cancer development, the levels of AcSDKP and POP...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05488.x
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological observations, clinical mechanistic studies, and basic laboratory research suggest that estrogen therapy is associated with beneficial cardiovascular effects in postmenopausal women. Estrogen has a multitude of biological effects that may account for this apparent benefit (which remains to be proved in ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb04016.x
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The skin immune system includes a complex network of dendritic cells (DCs). In addition to generating cellular and humoral immunity against pathogens, skin DCs are involved in tolerogenic mechanisms that maintain immune homeostasis and in pathogenic chronic inflammation in which immune responses are unrestrained. Harn...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/nyas.12113
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the present experiment was to determine if there is a factor in serum of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) that interferes with binding of (125I)-alpha-bungarotoxin to acetylcholine receptors of normal mouse diaphragm. Diaphragms were incubated aerobically for 1 hour in either Krebs-Henseleit solutio...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1976.tb47690.x
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Judicious selection of new animal models for the study of basic aging processes must combine feasibility and good use of the comparative method with evidence of antiaging adaptations, like the ability to combat oxidative damage to cells and tissues. A number of vertebrate species already in use or being developed as n...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1297.088
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigates the effects of agmatine on naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent guinea pig ileum. Male guinea pigs that were starved for 24 hours were decapitated after cervical dislocation, and terminal portions of the ilea were removed. Segments were fixed at a resting tension of 1...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1304.016
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is thought that human natural killer (NK) lymphocytes should not damage self-tissues due to the inhibiting signal initiated by the engagement of one or another inhibitory receptor superfamily (IRS) members with self-human histocompatibility antigen (HLA)-I. During viral infection, the low expression of self-HLA-I o...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1398.007
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA methylation and histone modification promote changes in chromatin structure that may affect gene expression in a heritable manner without directly altering the genome. As such, these phenomena are considered to be epigenetic in nature and are believed to contribute to the normal processes of human development but ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb05970.x
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The electron microscopical studies presented here show that characteristic morphological alterations in mitochondria are a very early hallmark of the hepatocellular apoptotic program. Before chromatin condensation occurs, the outer mitochondrial membrane is focally disrupted and the inner membrane protrudes through th...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07918.x
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::First we remind general considerations concerning biodiversity on earth and particularly the loss of genetic biodiversity that seems irreversible whether its origin is directly or indirectly linked to human activities. Urgent and considerable efforts must be made from now on to cataloge, understand, preserve, and enha...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1373.001
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article focuses on the importance of social engagement and the behavioral and neurophysiological mechanisms that allow individuals to reduce psychological and physical distance. A model of social engagement derived from the Polyvagal Theory is presented. The model emphasizes phylogeny as an organizing principle a...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1301.004
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its structurally related proteins are involved in the developmental regulation of various brain neurons, including midbrain dopaminergic neurons. We recently reported EGF and EGF-receptor abnormalities in both the brain tissues and blood of schizophrenic patients. Administration of EG...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1316.076
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00