Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:Carvedilol, a beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent with additional alpha(1)-adrenoceptor blocking properties, has been shown to improve left ventricular function in chronic heart failure (CHF). However, its effect on mortality has recently been the subject of controversial discussion. The aim of this meta-analysis is to review the data on mortality from two large study programs (the US Carvedilol Heart Failure Study and the study by the Australia/New Zealand Heart Failure Research Collaborative Group) on additional carvedilol treatment in CHF standard therapy and to analyse the design and limitations of the individual studies. METHODS AND RESULTS:For determination of overall, mortality, all patients who died and all patients who were withdrawn for other reasons during the open run-in phase of the studies were assigned to the carvedilol group to create a "worst-case analysis." Meta-analysis of mortality data using the random effects model shows a significantly reduced relative risk of 0.55 x 95%-confidence interval 0.325-0.924; p < 0.05 of death in patients treated with carvedilol compared with patient on standard treatment only. CONCLUSION:Treatment of CHF using carvedilol significantly reduces mortality in patients with CHF, even if the "worst case" is assumed by assigning all deaths in the open run-in phase to carvedilol.
journal_name
Eur J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
European journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Schmidt BM,Janson CP,Wehling Mdoi
10.1007/s002280050460subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-06-01 00:00:00pages
281-5issue
4eissn
0031-6970issn
1432-1041journal_volume
54pub_type
杂志文章,meta分析abstract：:The antihypertensive effects of urapidil and clonidine have been studied in a double-blind cross-over trial in 11 hypertensive outpatients with mild to moderate hypertension, at rest and during isometric exercise. Urapidil 30 mg b.i.d. significantly decreased the standing diastolic blood pressure (p less than 0.05) an...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00635705
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, interactions of herbal medicines with synthetic drugs came into focus of particular interest. In the past 3 years, more than 50 papers were published regarding interactions between St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.; SJW) and prescription drugs. Co-medication with SJW resulted in decreased plasma conce...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00228-006-0096-0
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Serotonin receptor 1B (HTR1B) is involved in the regulation of the serotonin system, playing different roles in specific areas of the brain. We review the characteristics of the gene coding for HTR1B, its product and the functional role of HTR1B in the neural networks involved in motivation and memory; the cent...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00228-009-0724-6
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Losartan was given to subjects with known phenotypes of the polymorphic enzymes CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 to study any possible influence on the metabolism of the drug. METHODS:Plasma concentrations of losartan and E-3174 were studied after oral intake of 50 mg losartan in 24 healthy, male, Swedish Caucasian subjec...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002280050629
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carvedilol and nitrendipine were given for 12 weeks in a double-blind study to 81 elderly patients (greater than or equal to 60 years) with essential hypertension. The effects on blood pressure were measured (Riva Rocci) before medication and after 2 h with the patient in a lying and standing position after 4 weeks of...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF01409490
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The binding of propranolol, a drug commonly used in cardiovascular disorders, to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) was studied in vitro in malnutrition. Compared to normal and hospital controls, the level of AGP was found to be elevated in undernourished subjects with and without infection. In the same patients the free...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00547044
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural and synthetic steroids and mineralocorticoids were tested for their in vitro suppressive activity on phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated lymphocytes. Three different (p less than 0.05) groups were identified. Methylprednisolone and betamethasone were very potent, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone and prednisolone ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00542111
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Iatrogenesis is common in elderly patients. This phenomenon could be reduced by improving awareness of general practitioners (GPs). We studied GPs' prescribing behavior to elderly patients, to identify GP and patient characteristics related to cautious prescribing behaviors. METHODS:The observational study ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-006-0125-z
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmacokinetics of isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN) has been studied in two groups of healthy volunteers after oral (n = 20) and intravenous (n = 11) administration of 20 mg, which had previously been proved to be as effective as 20 mg sustained-release isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN). IS-5-MN in serum was measured...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00618777
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 10 healthy male subjects the pharmacokinetics and haemodynamic effects of sustained-release isosorbide-5-mononitrate 60 mg (IS-5-MN) were studied after oral administration at two different times in the day (08.00 h and 20.00 h). Effects on blood pressure and heart rate after 3 min standing upright were measured in ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00315142
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 8 social drinkers, the effect of a single dose of Liv.52 or placebo on ethanol absorption has been studied after ingestion of 30 ml whisky in 5 min. The t1/2 absorption with Liv.52 was 3.62 min, significantly less than after placebo, 6.29 min. The peak concentration after Liv.52 (49.9 mg.100 ml-1) was significantly...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00280076
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied 16 healthy men to evaluate preliminary pharmacodynamics and kinetics of BW443C given by i.v. infusions. Four volunteers received escalating doses at weekly intervals, starting at 0.1 microgram.kg-1 for 60 min and increasing to a maximum of 2.0 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 for 180 min. Subsequently 12 differen...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01061420
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:In patients with schizophrenia, risperidone and olanzapine are the two most commonly used atypical anti-psychotics. A recent meta-analysis based on randomized trials suggests that, in the long term, olanzapine can have a lower frequency of treatment discontinuation (or dropout) in comparison with risperidone....
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-003-0705-0
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Valsartan (V), a specific inhibitor of the angiotensin II receptor subtype, AT1, has been developed for treatment of hypertension. Combination therapy with a beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent might be considered in cases with insufficient efficacy of V alone. Therefore, an interaction trial was performed to ev...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s002280050318
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmacodynamic effects of torasemide, a new potent loop diuretic, were compared with those of furosemide in a double blind controlled study in 18 hypertensive patients with oedema of various origins. Given orally for 5 days, torasemide was clinically very effective and well tolerated. On a weight basis, the diure...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00541464
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intensive monitoring of adverse drug reactions (ADR) in infants and preschool children in the paediatric outpatient unit covering the town of Karlovac (150,000 inhabitants) was performed over a period of three months. Data were obtained by physical examination of children and the history given by their parents. In all...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00561025
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:As an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase that catalyses the first step of cholesterol synthesis, pitavastatin undergoes little hepatic metabolism; however, it is a substrate of uptake and efflux transporters. Since pitavastatin is potentially co-administered with agents that affect transporter activities, the pharm...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00228-013-1554-0
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the study was to examine the effect of chronic angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on haemodynamics and left ventricular performance during long-lasting exercise at the anaerobic threshold. For this purpose exercise haemodynamics and left ventricular performance were assessed in 14 physically trained h...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00194331
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The maternofetal transfer of the beta 1-selective adrenergic antagonist celiprolol has been studied in four hypertensive pregnant women. Fetal plasma concentrations were about 25-50% of the levels found on the maternal side. There was no significant difference between the plasma concentrations of the two enantiomers i...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00316477
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plasma concentrations of caffeine and theophylline were simultaneously determined in 17 preterm infants after oral administration of aminophylline for treatment of apnoea. The ratio of caffeine/theophylline concentration in plasma increased during the first 2 weeks of treatment, owing to the longer time required for c...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00610057
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE/METHODS:The metabolism of chloramphenicol succinate (CAPS) by human bone marrow was studied in vitro using 75 marrow samples. Whole marrow samples were incubated with CAPS with or without reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate for 1, 2 and 3 h at 37 degrees C. Ficoll-paque-separated marrow mononu...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002280000143
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Entacapone is a peripherally acting catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor used as an adjunct to each daily levodopa/dopa decarboxylase (DDC) inhibitor dose in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonian patients with advanced disease and motor fluctuations take several doses of levodopa daily, ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002280050657
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The purpose of this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was to investigate the preventive effect of topical administration of atorvastatin (ATV) on the acute radiation-induced skin toxicity in patients with breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Seventy breast cancer patients were ra...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00228-018-2570-x
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmacokinetics of naproxen have been examined in 13 elderly patients (mean age 84.2 years) and in 9 younger patients (mean age 53.9 years) at the end of a 21 day course of therapy with naproxen 500 mg b.d. The mean pre-dose concentration on days 19, 20 and 21 was significantly higher in the elderly patients than...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00613525
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A single dose of 60 mg trimetazidine (the normal daily dose) improved exercise capacity in angina pectoris, as reflected by an increase in the duration of exercise, total work performed, and improvement in ECG signs of ischaemia. All these effects occurred without any detectable chronotropic or vasomotor effect. The i...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00544569
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It was considered that double-blind crossover studies of therapeutic efficacy after acute injury could well be done in patients who required surgical removal of impacted wisdom teeth from both sides of the lower jaw. In the present trial 24 healthy patients received either placebo or ibuprofen (Brufen: 400 mg three ti...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00567117
更新日期：1975-04-04 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied pharmacokinetics of a new H2-receptor antagonist, TZU-0460, in patients with varying degrees of renal impairment. The apparent volume of distribution at steady-state was 1.70 l/kg, and the plasma protein binding of TZU-0460 or its active metabolite, desacetyl TZU-0460 was less than 10% in normal subjec...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00608220
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is the major physiological regulator of renal water excretion and blood volume. The AVP pathways of V(1a)R-mediated vasoconstriction and V(2)R-induced water retention represent a potentially attractive target of therapy for edematous diseases. Experimental and clinical evidence suggests bene...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00228-011-1006-7
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quinidine is a very potent inhibitor of CYP2D6, but the role of the enzyme in the biotransformation of quinidine has only been investigated in a single in vitro study and in two small in vivo experiments, with contradictory results. The present investigation was designed to present definite evaluation of whether quini...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00194341
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Migraine is the most common cause of vascular headache and a highly prevalent illness. In the last 20 years, the discovery of new agents has increased clinical research on migraine. In most of clinical trials that have been conducted, the efficacy was established using a placebo as a control treatment. The objective o...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1007/s00228-005-0088-5
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
