Abstract:
:Oxidant stress has been implicated as playing a role in the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver injury. The objective of this study was to determine whether the xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase enzyme system was involved in this oxidant stress. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor, oxypurinol, and randomized to bile duct ligation or sham surgery; vehicle-treated, sham-operated rats served as controls. After 5 d of bile duct ligation, serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total and direct bilirubin concentrations were significantly elevated, and increased lipid peroxidation of hepatic mitochondria and microsomes was present. Treatment with oxypurinol reduced the aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and bilirubin values by 26-47% but did not alter the increased lipid peroxidation of mitochondria and microsomes. Serum vitamin E:total lipids ratio was also reduced in both bile duct-ligated groups, consistent with oxidant injury. These data show that inhibition of xanthine oxidase reduces biochemical evidence of hepatocellular injury during bile duct ligation without affecting oxidant damage to intracellular hepatocyte organelles. Thus, in this model a component of cholestatic injury appears to have been caused by oxidant stress from a source outside of the hepatocyte.
journal_name
Pediatr Resjournal_title
Pediatric researchauthors
Sokol RJ,Devereaux MW,Khandwala Rdoi
10.1203/00006450-199809000-00022subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-09-01 00:00:00pages
397-401issue
3eissn
0031-3998issn
1530-0447journal_volume
44pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The use of tissue engineering to develop new urinary bladder could have direct impact on children suffering from congenital bladder dysfunction. Current bladder tissue engineering protocols rely on scaffolds to support the ingrowth of new cells and the subsequent development of new tissues. The interaction between cel...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181d35034
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ventricular epicardial activation sequence (VEAS) in 15 anesthetized lambs (near term fetus to 3.5 months of age) was determined using 40 simultaneously recorded bipolar electrograms for each animal. Isochrone maps were drawn by hand using relative activation times determined from the maximum first derivative of m...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The syndrome of hypoxemia-related myocardial dysfunction in the newborn is generally associated with severe intrapartum asphyxia. We investigated the changes in total and regional distribution of myocardial blood flow (MBF) that occur during asphyxia and the factors that regulate MBF, in the chronically prepared, near...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-198408000-00019
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::It seems quite likely that the normal process of fetal lung biochemical maturation is delayed by maternal diabetes and that abnormalities in the pulmonary surfactant system are involved. The appearance of PG in amniotic fluid and possibly in fetal lung is impaired or at least delayed. The same is possibly true for DSP...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1203/00006450-198503000-00001
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Appearance of sleep cycling has been associated with good outcome in term and preterm infants, but the normal time of its appearance has not been determined. The objectives of this study were, to correlate the time of sleep cycling appearance and the length of quiet sleep in neonates with different degrees o...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41390-019-0560-z
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Platelet volume was measured in 20 healthy children, 18 patients with acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), 24 patients with chronic ITP, 22 patients with aplastic anemia, and 17 patients with acute leukemia in childhood. The authors compared the platelet volume of these patients by use of peak platelet vol...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-198002000-00013
更新日期:1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We determined the inhibitory effects of concentrations of tin- and zinc protoporphyrin (1-100 microM) and mesoporphyrin (0.1-10 microM) on the in vitro heme oxygenase (HO) (E.C.1.14.99.3) activity in liver, spleen, and intestine 13,000 x g tissue supernatants from fasted adult male Wistar rats through measurement of c...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-198910000-00015
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three members of a Virginia family with a bleeding disorder were found to have a serum defect in thromboplastin generation similar to the previously reported "Car. factor" deficiency. Sera from three members of the original Car. family did not correct the defect of affected members of the Virginia family. Partial thro...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-197504000-00009
更新日期:1975-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5) is an adipokine protecting against obesity-related insulin resistance and diabetes. SFRP5 binds to wingless type mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) integration site family member 5A (WNT5A) to improve insulin sensitivity. We performed the first study of SFRP5 and WNT...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/pr.2014.29
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study cardiovascular autonomic control, we assessed the effect of atropine on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) variability in 12 preterm infants (range 26-32 wk) before intubation for respiratory insufficiency. Spectral power analysis of R-R interval and systolic BP (SBP) series were estimated in a low-frequ...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1203/01.PDR.0000145257.75072.BB
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) carries high risk for neurodevelopmental impairments. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) reduces this risk, particularly for moderate encephalopathy (ME). Nevertheless, these infants often have subtle functional deficits, including abnormal memory function. Detection of deficits at the...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/pr.2016.169
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased expression of CD38 on CD8(+) T cells is associated with activation of the immune system, progression of HIV disease, and death in adults. The prognostic significance of these cells in HIV-infected children, where the picture is complicated by age-related differences in CD38 expression, remains controversial....
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-200206000-00013
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Brazil, similar intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) rates were observed between cities with distinct levels of socioeconomic development, challenging the current knowledge that higher rates of IUGR would necessarily be observed in poorer areas than in wealthier ones. Ribeirão Preto, a city located in the most de...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/01.PDR.0000156504.29809.26
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The uterus is unique among smooth muscular organs in that, during pregnancy, it undergoes profound, largely reversible, changes orchestrated by the ovarian hormones. These changes facilitate uterine adaptation to the stretch induced by the growing fetus such that a state of myometrial contractile quiescence can be mai...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1203/00006450-199811000-00001
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Branching morphogenesis, defined as growth and branching of epithelial tubules during embryogenesis, is a fundamental feature of renal, lung, mammary gland, submandibular gland, and pancreatic morphogenesis in mammals. Disruption of branching morphogenesis has been demonstrated to result in maldevelopment of some of t...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1203/01.PDR.0000085170.44226.DB
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immunological competence of neonatal rabbits inoculated intradermally with Treponema pallidum was examined. Both cellular responses and the production of humoral antibody to specific T. pallidum antigens and to nonspecific antigens or mitogens were investigated. In blast transformation assays, splenic and poplitea...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-198410000-00013
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated the hypothesis that increased endogenous opioid activity mediates part or all of the left ventricular contractile and pump dysfunction previously demonstrated in HCl-induced metabolic acidemia. Eighteen Western newborn lambs were catheterized and instrumented; pacing wires were sutured to the right atrial...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-198806000-00023
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells against K562 cells and their responsiveness to interferon-alpha and interleukin 2 (IL-2) were studied throughout childhood using 51Cr-release and single-cell assays. Although NK activity was extremely low in the neonatal period, it almost reached the adult level during 1 t...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-199010000-00002
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our objectives were to establish antecedent factors and patterns of brain injury and their prognostic value in preterm infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Essential inclusion criteria were gestation (GA) < or =36 wk, Apgar scores <5/<7 at 1/5 min, major resuscitation at birth, and a brain MRI <6 postna...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181a9ef34
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethanol consumption during pregnancy can cause fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Although the exact mechanism is unknown, nutritional alterations caused by ethanol exposure may be an etiologic factor in FAS. The congenital heart defects seen in FAS are similar to those found in vitamin A teratogenesis. Because ethanol ing...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-199504000-00006
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the availability of successful prevention strategies to prevent excessive hyperbilirubinemia, the neurological sequelae of bilirubin neurotoxicity (BNTx) still occur throughout the world. Kernicterus, encephalopathy due to BNTx, is now understood to be a spectrum of severity and phenotypes known as kernicterus...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/s41390-019-0608-0
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Following our clinical observation of tonic responses in response to the knee jerk in infants at very high risk for cerebral palsy (VHR infants), we systematically studied tonic responses, clonus, and reflex irradiation. We questioned (i) whether these responses occurred more often in VHR infants than in typ...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/pr.2016.99
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasma, amniotic fluid, and tissue concentrations of IGF-I were examined in nutritionally deprived, growth-retarded fetal rats to determine whether IGF-I concentration serves as a marker for nutritional status. Growth retardation was induced by 72 h of maternal fasting. Twenty-three control and 17 growth-retarded fetu...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-199108000-00006
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carlo Agostoni, MD, and Kwang Sik Kim, MD, are the Guest Editors for this annual review issue on Nutrition and the Microbiome. Dr Agostoni is a Professor of Pediatrics at the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, within the Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, ...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 历史文章
doi:10.1038/pr.2014.195
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) consists of two activities located in the outer (CPT I) and the inner (CPT II) mitochondrial membranes. CPT II deficiency in the adult as well as in the infantile form of the disease has been shown to result from mutations in the CPT II cDNA. Nothing is known regarding the genetic ...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-199610000-00005
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism by which dexamethasone (DEX) inhibits neutrophil (PMN) recruitment to a site of inflammation, such as the newborn lung with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, is not completely understood. The aim of our study was to determine whether DEX inhibits neutrophil-induced neutrophil recruitment by inhibition of inter...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-199910000-00008
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:For the second aim of the Kellogg Foundation grant, this double-blind RCT investigated the impact of plasma vitamin D metabolite 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) on plasma immune-mediators during pregnancy. We hypothesized that higher 25(OH)D concentrations would associate with reduced pro-inflammatory and incr...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41390-020-0885-7
更新日期:2020-04-20 00:00:00
abstract::Unconjugated bilirubin promotes intestinal secretion without affecting nutrient digestion or absorption. In the current study, the effects of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) on the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium were investigated. The apical side of human intestinal cell line Caco-2 monolayers was challeng...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/01.pdr.0000220344.09034.63
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously demonstrated that enterally administered heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) produced in Escherichia coli decreases the incidence and severity of intestinal injury in a neonatal rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). In preparation for upcoming human clinical trials, large-scale p...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181994fa0
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Catecholamines (CA) are released from and resynthesized in the adrenal medulla in response to stress. In the mature animal, stimulus-secretion-synthesis coupling occurs through transsynaptic (neuronal) activity. In contrast, in the immature animal, before functional adrenal innervation, certain stressors (hypoglycemia...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-199412000-00006
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00