Abstract：
:A significant fraction of DNA damage produced by ionizing radiation comes from free radicals generated during the radiolysis of water, that is, by indirect effects. The hydroxyl radical, the principal damaging species, produces single-strand breaks and a plethora of base and sugar lesions that can be cytotoxic or mutagenic. Free radical-induced DNA damage is repaired by an efficient and ubiquitous process called "base excision repair" which is composed of either three or four enzymatic steps, depending on the initial lesion. The result is an intact DNA molecule with a short repair patch size. If, however, multiply damaged sites similar to those produced by ionizing radiation are processed by base excision repair, a double-strand break can result if the opposing lesions are more than three nucleotides apart. Because base excision repair evolved to protect the genome from endogenous damages, the proteins involved are highly conserved from bacteria to humans, not only at the functional level, but at the level of amino acid sequence.
journal_name
Radiat Resjournal_title
Radiation researchauthors
Wallace SSsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-11-01 00:00:00pages
S60-79issue
5 Suppleissn
0033-7587issn
1938-5404journal_volume
150pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:It was reported by others that hands-free accessories increase the absorption of RF energy in a human head compared to a handset alone. The results of this study show that the opposite is observed when proper dosimetric methods are employed. It is pointed out that for correct estimation of the exposure level it is nec...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/0033-7587(2003)159[0550:eotsit]2.0.co;2
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Escherichia coli nth gene encodes endonuclease III, which catalyses the glycolytic removal of various oxidized thymine residues from DNA. A truncated version of nth, with the prokaryotic regulatory sequences removed, was ligated into the retrovirus-based vector pZipneoSV(X)1 and transfected into the radiosensitive...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Radiation exposure causes DNA breaks leading to structural chromosome aberrations that can be carcinogenic. Lifetime cancer risks are elevated in irradiated children compared to similarly exposed adults. To determine the extent to which age influences the frequency and types of chromosome damage in response to ionizin...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/RR13598.1
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the decade after the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, several large cohorts of survivors were organized for studies of radiation health effects. The U.S. Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC) and its U.S./Japan successor, the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF), have performed continuous studies since ...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1667/RR3546.1
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of both hyperthermia and verapamil on cytotoxicity and transport of melphalan was studied in a pleiotropic drug-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cell line (CHRC5) and in the drug-sensitive parent line (AuxB1). The CHRC5 cell line was selected for resistance to colchicine but is also cross-resistant to other ...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ionizing radiation induces clustered DNA damage sites, whereby two or more individual DNA lesions are formed within one or two helical turns of DNA by a single radiation track. A subset of DNA clustered damage sites exist in which the lesions are located in tandem on the same DNA strand. Recent studies have establishe...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/rr3284
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of sodium bisulfite, a specific inhibitor of chromatin proteolysis, on radiation damage in rat thymocytes in vitro was examined. Rat thymocytes irradiated with 1 kR X rays in vitro were incubated at 37 degrees C with 10 mM glucose for 4 to 6 hr. During that time development of interphase death as judged by ...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experimental data from laboratory animals indicate that the same extent of DNA damage or the same mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in different hosts result in widely differing cancer development because of numerous polymorphic tumor susceptibility genes. Similarly, recent epidemiological data indicat...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1667/rr3333.1
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The radiation dose received by crew members in interplanetary space is influenced by the stage of the solar cycle. Using the recently developed models of the galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) environment and the energy-dependent radiation transport code, we have calculated the dose at 0 and 5 cm water depth; using a com...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Astronauts traveling outside Earth's magnetosphere risk exposure to charged particle radiation that may cause neurophysiological changes and behavioral deficits. Although proton particles comprise a large portion of the space radiation environment, little has been published on the effects of low-dose proton radiation ...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/rr13903.1
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In recent years, there has been increasing concern over the possibility of a radiological or nuclear incident occurring somewhere in the world. Intelligence agencies frequently report that terrorist groups and rogue nations are seeking to obtain radiological or nuclear weapons of mass destruction. In addition, there e...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type：
doi：10.1667/RR14810.1
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The goal of radiation therapy is to provide the highest probability of tumor control while minimizing normal tissue toxicity. Recently, it has been discovered that ultra-high dose rates of ionizing radiation may preferentially spare normal tissue over tumor tissue. This effect, referred to as FLASH radiotherapy, has b...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/RR15537.1
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Currently available treatments for radiation-induced nausea and vomiting either are ineffective or reduce performance. The new antiemetic and gastrokinetic agent zacopride was tested in rhesus monkeys to assess its behavioral toxicity and its ability to inhibit radiation-induced emesis. Zacopride (intragastric, 0.3 mg...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mice were irradiated with 1 Gy of fission neutrons. At intervals up to 15 days after irradiation undifferentiated spermatogonia were counted in whole mounts of seminiferous tubules in up to eight stages of the epithelial cycle. From Day 6 onward lower numbers of spermatogonia were found in the areas which were in stag...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper evaluates the global vitamin D effective UV (UV(vitd)) irradiances under cloudy conditions at a subtropical, southern hemisphere site. The UV(vitd) irradiances were analyzed on a horizontal plane and sampled at 5-min intervals over 18 months so that a wide range of parameters including cloud conditions, sol...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/RR1936.1
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypoxic BP-8 murine sarcoma cells were exposed to misonidazole and/or radiation and the kinetics and extent of cell death were evaluated with the [125I]iododeoxyuridine-prelabeling assay. Cell death after treatment with lethal doses of misonidazole was rapid and essentially complete within 2 or 3 days after drug expos...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of low levels of oxygen may have profound effects on the cytotoxic activity of radiation, radiosensitizers, and bioreductive alkylating agents. As others have shown, low oxygen tensions may significantly alter rates of cellular and chemical oxygen consumption. When experiments are performed at very low ox...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The physical and biological basis of our model to calculate the biological effects of charged particles, termed the local effect model (LEM), has recently been questioned in a commentary by R. Katz. Major objections were related to the definition of the target size and the use of the term cross section. Here we show t...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1667/rr3174
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The investigation of fragment length distributions of plasmid DNA gives insight into the influence of localized energy distribution on the induction of DNA damage, particularly the clustering of double-strand breaks. We present an approach that determines the fragment length distributions of plasmid DNA after heavy-io...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/RR1028.1
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The binding kinetics of the hypoxia marker EF5 can be quantified by uptake of (14)C-labeled drug or calibrated flow cytometry using antibodies specific for drug adducts. Maximum EF5 binding is cell-line dependent and varies directly with drug exposure (area under the curve; concentration integrated over time) but inve...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/RR1305.1
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tissue oxygenation influences the radiation response of tumors. To further investigate the underlying mechanisms of tumor hypoxia, the spatial distribution of hypoxic cells in relation to the vasculature was studied. In a panel of three human glioma xenograft lines (E2, E102, E106) with different growth characteristic...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/0033-7587(2002)157[0626:qaovpo]2.0.co;2
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent evidence has shown that translocation frequencies decline over time. This phenomenon might be explained by the co-occurrence of translocations in cells that also contain dicentrics, in which case translocations would be eliminated as a by-product of selection against dicentrics. Alternatively, a fraction of tra...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/0033-7587(2002)157[0539:tclori]2.0.co;2
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synchronous Chinese hamster ovary cells were treated in G1 or S phase with cycloheximide or procaine hydrochloride before and during heating at 43 degrees C. Cycloheximide and procaine apparently act by different mechanisms, with cycloheximide inhibiting protein synthesis and procaine hydrochloride supposedly affectin...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Female rhesus monkeys received whole-body doses of ionizing radiation in the form of single-energy protons, mixed-energy protons, X rays, and electrons. Endometriosis developed in 53% of the monkeys during a 17-year period after exposure. Incidence rates for endometriosis related to radiation type were: single-energy ...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The well-established process of potentially lethal damage (PLD) repair enhances plateau-phase cell survival after exposure to ionizing radiation. PLD repair requires that confluent cells be incubated prior to plating for a colony-forming assay rather than being plated immediately. Enhanced double-strand break (DSB) re...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/rr1423.1
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As part of a long-term study of the effects of irradiation during development, prenatal and early neonatal mortality were evaluated for beagles exposed in utero at 8 days postcoitus (dpc), 28 dpc, 55 dpc, or 2 days postpartum. Mean doses used were 0,0.16, or 0.83 Gy. A decrease in whelping rates was observed for femal...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Based on encouraging results from several early-phase clinical trials, there is renewed interest in the use of pharmacological ascorbate (i.e., intravenous administration resulting in >≈10 mM plasma ascorbate concentrations) in combination with standard-of-care cancer treatments including radiation and/or chemotherapy...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/RR15328.1
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:New Zealand rabbits, fasted for 12 hours, were subjected to 500 rads of whole-body irradiation. K+-palmitate-1-14C oxidation was assayed with the 600 X g supernatant of thymus and liver homogenates, in the presence of ATP, at various time intervals from irradiation. For a period of 24 hours following irradiation, oxid...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1968-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Telomeres cap the ends of chromosomes, preventing end-to-end fusions and subsequent chromosome instability. Here we used a telomerase knockout model to investigate whether telomerase participates in the processes of DNA break repair by de novo synthesis of telomere repeats at broken chromosome ends (chromosome healing...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/rr3203
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a series of Russian and Ukrainian papers published from 1974-1986, it was reported that 30-day whole-body exposures to continuous-wave (CW) radiofrequency (RF) radiation at 2375 MHz and 5 W/m(2) disrupted the antigenic structure of rat brain tissue. The authors suggested that this action caused an autoimmune respon...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/RR1541.1
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
