Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:This study sought to develop a methodology for estimating potential solid organ donors and measuring donation performance in a geographic region based on readily available data on the hospitals in that region. METHODS:Medical records were reviewed in a stratified random sample of 89 hospitals from 3 regions to attain a baseline of donor potential. Data on a range of hospital characteristics were collected and tested as predictors of donor potential through the use of hierarchical Poisson regression modeling. RESULTS:Five hospital characteristics predicted donor potential: hospital deaths, hospital Medicare case-mix index, total hospital staffed beds, medical school affiliation, and trauma center certification. Regional estimates were attained by aggregating individual hospital estimates. Confidence intervals for these regional estimates indicated that actual donations represented from 28% to 44% of the potential in the regions studied. CONCLUSIONS:This methodology accurately estimates organ donor potential within 3 geographic regions and lays the foundation for evaluating organ donation effectiveness nationwide. Additional research is needed to test the validity of the model in other geographic regions and to further explore organ donor potential in hospitals with fewer than 50 beds.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Christiansen CL,Gortmaker SL,Williams JM,Beasley CL,Brigham LE,Capossela C,Matthiesen ME,Gunderson Sdoi
10.2105/ajph.88.11.1645subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-11-01 00:00:00pages
1645-50issue
11eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
88pub_type
杂志文章abstract::To evaluate the relative utility of the Social Security Administration and National Death Index as sources of mortality data, the vital status of 12,866 participants in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial was identified from these sources and compared to the known mortality experience. The SSA correctly identi...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.73.11.1270
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship of physical activity to the development of definite coronary heart disease was examined separately in middle-aged (45-64 years) and elderly men (65-69 years) participating in the Honolulu Heart Program. After 12 years of follow-up, results indicate that increased levels of physical activity reported a...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.78.6.683
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We analyzed cervical cancer incidence and mortality data in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) women compared with women of other races. METHODS:We improved identification of AI/AN race, cervical cancer incidence, and mortality data using Indian Health Service (IHS) patient records; our analyses focu...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301681
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We investigated the frequency with which alcohol advertisements appeared on Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) transit lines in Boston, MA, and we calculated adult and youths' exposure to the ads. METHODS:We measured the nature and extent of alcohol advertisements on 4 Boston transit lines on...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.149906
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::An analysis was performed of direct maternal mortality over 22 years (1950 through 1971) in the state of Michigan. The overall direct maternal mortality rate fell from 5.0/10,000 live births in 1950 to 1.5 in 1971. The rate among nonwhites was more than four times greater than among whites and the difference in relati...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.67.9.821
更新日期:1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The newborn screening program mandated by the New York State Public Health Law requires that every baby born in the state be tested for eight conditions including sickle cell anemia. Although sickle cell screening of newborns has been in operation since 1975, the follow-up program for case retrieval to obtain repeat b...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.73.3.249
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives. To explore whether and how the Affordable Care Act (ACA) affects the relationship between employment and health insurance coverage, health care utilization, and health outcomes among recently incarcerated men aged 18 to 64 years in the United States.Methods. With data from the National Survey on Drug Use a...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.305419
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contact tracing was one of the core public health strategies implemented during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this essay, we describe the rapid establishment of a volunteer contact tracing program in New Haven, Connecticut. We describe successes of the program and challenges that were faced. Going forw...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305959
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Latinos are the largest minority population in the United States. Although usually classified as a single ethnic group by researchers, Latinos are heterogeneous from cultural, socioeconomic, and genetic perspectives. From a cultural and social perspective, Latinos represent a wide variety of national origins and ethni...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.068668
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mortality rates were examined among 3,324 Black and White daily opioid drug users for a four-year period following treatment in community-based agencies located across the United States. A total of 179 of these addicts died during this follow-up period, yielding a death rate of 15.2 per 1,000 person-years at risk. Whe...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.72.7.703
更新日期:1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this article, I document strategies used by alcohol producers to influence national and global science and policy. Their strategies include producing scholarly publications with incomplete, distorted views of the science underlying alcohol policies; pressuring national and international governmental institutions; ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300269
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-eight states have laws that limit payments in malpractice cases, and several studies indicate that these laws reduce the frequency and severity of malpractice claims and lower premiums. Moreover, proponents believe that such laws reduce health care expenditures by reducing the practice of defensive medicine. Ho...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.077883
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To inform a prevention strategy, this study determined the prevalence of and attitudes toward smoking among Chinese secondary school students. METHODS:Self-completion questionnaires were administered to 13- to 18-year-olds attending school in Zhejiang Province, eastern China. RESULTS:Of the 6674 respondent...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.10.1653
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to assess the effects of the North Carolina Improved Pregnancy Outcome (IPO) Project on use of prenatal care and incidence of low birthweight among its primarily Black registrants . Weighted least squares and stratified analysis procedures were used to scrutinize vital statistics data for subpo...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.6.549
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Surveys concerning the risk communication practices and needs of state health agencies were completed by agency commissioners and designated staff of 48 states and territories. These data indicate that agencies are expending more effort on responding to requests for information than on initiating dialogues with intere...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.81.4.489
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Legislation in 1967 allowed abortions in North Carolina for reasons of mental or physical danger to the mother or child or in cases of rape. In 1971 the statute was changed to require 2 rather than 3 physicians in agreement, to reduce residency requirements from 4 months to 30 days, and mandatory reporting of all abo...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.65.5.480
更新日期:1975-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The author reviews scientific and societal developments in artificial reproductive technologies during the past year in the U.S., the United Kingdom, and Australia. Successful births resulted from surrogate embryo transfer and from transfer of an embryo following in vivo fertilization. Recommendations on social poli...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.12.1415
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender (GLBT) Health Access Project is a unique public-private collaboration working to eliminate barriers to health care for the GLBT community, foster development of comprehensive, culturally appropriate health promotion policies and health care services for GLBT people and their...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.6.895
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We use systems thinking to develop a strategic framework for analyzing the tobacco problem and we suggest solutions. Humans are vulnerable to nicotine addiction, and the most marketable form of nicotine delivery is the most harmful. A tobacco use management system has evolved out of governments' attempts to regulate t...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.165910
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined socioeconomic inequalities in health among older adults in England and Brazil. METHODS:We analyzed nationally representative samples of residents aged 50 years and older in 2008 data from the Brazilian National Household Survey (n = 75,527) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (n = 9589)...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300765
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined the relationships between wealth and income and selected racial and ethnic differences in health. METHODS:Cross-sectional data on a national sample of 9744 men and women aged 51 through 61 from the 1992 Health and Retirement Survey were analyzed to examine the association between socioec...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.87.5.805
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study assessed predictors of the onset of natural menopause in African American women. METHODS:We used mailed questionnaires to collect data at baseline in 1995 and during follow-up from Black Women's Health Study participants. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess potential predictors...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.2.299
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the prevalence and patterns of polysubstance use among US reproductive-aged women who use opioids for nonmedical purposes. METHODS:We used the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (2005-2014) data on female respondents aged 18 to 44 years reporting nonmedical opioid use in the past 30 days (u...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303825
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to establish the prevalence of physical activity among smokers, whether or not physically active smokers were more likely to attempt cessation, and who these physically active smokers were. METHODS:We used logistic regression to contrast physically active and inactive smokers in a secondary data a...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.120469
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::An epidemic of morbidity and mortality has swept across the United States related to the use of prescription opioids for chronic noncancer pain. More than 100,000 people have died from unintentional overdose, making this one of the worst manmade epidemics in history. Much of health care delivery in the United States i...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302367
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study evaluated the effectiveness of a community coalition to prevent severe injuries to children in Central Harlem, New York, NY. It was hypothesized that injury incidence rates would decline during the intervention (1989 through 1991) relative to preintervention years (1983 through 1988); that the dec...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.4.580
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The incidence, type, severity, and costs of crash-related injuries requiring hospitalization or resulting in death were compared for helmeted and unhelmeted motorcyclists. METHODS:This was a retrospective cohort study of injured motorcyclists in Washington State in 1989. Motorcycle crash data were linked to...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.1.41
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case-control study, using data abstracted between 1983 and 1987 from a large perinatal registry, was conducted to explore the relationship between smoking and ectopic pregnancy. Women with ectopic pregnancy (n = 634) seen at University of Illinois Perinatal Network Hospitals were compared to women who were delivered...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.9.1239
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::An outbreak of giardiasis occurred following a family party for 25 persons. Nine who had eaten fruit salad became ill, compared with one who had not eaten the salad (Relative Risk = 7.4, 95% CI = 1.4, 169.3). The fruit salad preparer had a diapered child and a pet rabbit at home who were both positive for Giardia lamb...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.10.1259
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A survey on brand preference and cigarette advertising recall in 1,195 school children was conducted in Sydney, Australia. Four of the 130 available brands accounted for the cigarettes smoked by 78.7 per cent of smokers. Smokers were nearly twice as likely to correctly identify edited cigarette advertisements and slog...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.72.5.491
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00