Abstract:
:A neuropathological analysis of 172 cases of AIDS in adults was carried out, to determine the occurrence and nature of the opportunistic infections of the central nervous system (CNS). The material comprised 155 cases of men, and 17 women. Mean age of patients was 38 years. Collection under study originated from the period between 1987 and 1997. Opportunistic infections were present in 57.5 percent of cases being in 38.4 percent the only pathological process, whereas in 19.1 percent they coexisted with HIV-dependent pathology or with neoplastic growth. Cytomegalovirus infection (22.7%), toxoplasmosis (16.3%), cryptococcosis (8.1%) and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (9.3%) were the most common opportunistic infections of CNS. The remaining viral (herpetic encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis and herpes zoster multifocal encephalitis), bacterial (lues, metastatic encephalitis connected with heart valvular changes) and fungal (candidiasis) infections were present only in single cases. It is worth mentioning 3 cases of brain aspergillosis and 5 cases of leptomeningeal tuberculosis. Great morphological variability in the most common opportunistic infections found in our material (cytomegaly, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis and PML) was the most striking phenomenon. Neuropathological abnormalities in cases of toxoplasmosis and cryptococcosis revealed remarkable dependence on clinical medication used. Cases of PML were characterized by strong variances of the type and intensity of demyelination, ranging from disseminated foci of various size to diffuse complete myelin loss in the white matter involving uni- or bilaterally cerebral or cerebellar hemispheres. The coexistence of opportunistic infections with HIV-dependent cerebral pathology or other types of opportunistic processes was a very characteristic feature. Concomitance of HIV-dependent pathology with viral opportunistic processes was common. The frequency of this concomitance and more severe HIV-dependent pathology in cases with other viral cerebral infections may suggest pathogenetic interaction of viral infections. Cerebral tuberculosis was less frequent as compared with other neuropathological collections, especially those from the United States. However, it seems worth mentioning that 3 of 5 cases occurred in the last year of observation.
journal_name
Folia Neuropatholjournal_title
Folia neuropathologicaauthors
Zelman IB,Mossakowski MJsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-01-01 00:00:00pages
129-44issue
3eissn
1641-4640issn
1509-572Xjournal_volume
36pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The present study examined the effect of DS exposure on median nerve development in rats during prenatal life. Pregnant female rats were divided into three groups: a control group, a saline group and a DS group. Offspring of these animals were divided into 2 subgroups: 4 weeks old and 20 weeks old. Nerve samples were ...
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5114/fn.2013.34199
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The endothelial vacuolar and vesicular transports in traumatic human brain oedema have been reviewed and compared with experimental brain oedema in order to establish their role in both oedema formation and oedema resolution. Normal or "non-activated" and "activated" capillaries are found. The activated capillaries sh...
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.5114/fn.2013.35951
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper presents ultrastructural changes in neuronal and glial cells with special reference to intranuclear inclusion bodies in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) with different duration (from several weeks to seven years). Brain autopsy at ultrastructural level revealed the nucleocapsids of paramyxovirus i...
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unmethylated CpG DNA, as a stimulatory molecule, has potent pro-inflammatory effects in the central nervous system (CNS). Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been confirmed to exert anti-inflammatory effects in CNS. Our study was aimed to explore the effects of DEX on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression in unmethylated C...
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5114/fn.2016.64817
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report here a detailed ultrastructural study of a brain biopsy along with post-mortem brain and optic nerve specimens from a case of Krabbe disease, a relatively rare leukodystrophy caused by a mutation in the gene for galactocerebrosidase (GALC) mapped to the 14q31 region of chromosome 14. GALC is responsible for ...
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case of 56-year-old male with sarcomatosis of leptomeninges as well as of the brain and spinal cord coexisting with Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis is presented. Neurological and neurophysiological symptoms of the disease resembled those of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Patient died 7 months after onset of...
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a case of rare orbital roof haemangioma infiltrating the medial and lateral walls of the orbit, zygomatic bone and lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid. The tumour was totally excised by the frontolateral approach, followed by craniofacial and orbital roof reconstruction. ...
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Morphometric analysis of the cerebellar cortex capillary cross-section area performed in experimental valproate encephalopathy using transmission electron microscopy showed that prolongation of VPA application resulted in more enhanced lumen narrowing manifested in gradual reduction in the mean value of the coefficien...
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The analysis of qualitative changes in the locus coeruleus (LC) was performed on brains from 21 cases of Parkinson's disease. Eleven cases were selected for quantitative analysis of the loss of LC noradrenergic pigmented neurons. The qualitative studies revealed uneven dissemination of the noradrenergic cells loss of ...
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Meningiomas are the most common primary extra-axial tumours of the central nervous system, however their metastatic spread beyond central nervous system is rare. Here we present the case of a 54-year-old male with anaplastic meningioma who, 1.5 years after initial diagnosis, developed a tumorous expansion in his left ...
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5114/fn.2019.91195
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some data suggest that the central nervous system (CNS) is the main target of Staphylococcus alpha-toxin. Since this pathogen cannot penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the exact mechanism by which alpha-toxin affects the CNS remains unclear. Recent studies on the role of the innate immune system have shed light ...
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the study was to analyse in TEM the evolution of changes in structural elements of synaptic junctions of the cerebellar cortex in rats in valproate encephalopathy induced by chronic 12-month administration of sodium valproate - VPA (once daily intragastrically, in a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w.) and after withdra...
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased pineal calcifications and decreased pineal melatonin biosynthesis, both age related, support the notion of a pineal bio-organic timing mechanism. The role of calcification in the pathogenesis of pineal gland dysfunction remains unknown but the available data document that calcification is an organized, regul...
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Angiocentric glioma (AG) is a newly-classified, very rare, WHO grade I central nervous system (CNS) lesion, occurring usually in children and young adults. Only 52 patients with AG have been reported so far, making it one of the rarest neuropathological entities. Hereby we present two new cases of AG in young subjects...
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5114/fn.2016.58914
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ganglioglioma is a tumor composed of neoplastic neurons and neoplastic glial cells mixed in different proportions. Astrocytes are the essential glial component. The tumor proliferates mostly in the temporal lobe cortex, scarcely in other areas of the brain. In ganglioglioma the population of ganglionic neurons is very...
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a hereditary, progressive ischemic disease of small vessels of the brain characterized by migraine with aura (MA), recurrent subcortical ischemic episodes, cognitive decline and psychiatric disorders. CA...
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5114/fn.2020.94009
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) is one of the most common myopathies in patients above 50 years of age. Its progressive course finally leads to immobilisation, and no effective therapy exists. Its pathogenesis includes both degenerative and inflammatory processes, however, its direct causes remain ...
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5114/fn.2015.56550
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuronal and axonal degenerative changes in motor vagal neurons (DMNV) and sensory vagal neurons (nTS) in the medulla oblongata in newborns were studied. Material was taken from the autopsies of newborns, live and dead newborns, in different gestational weeks (aborted, immature, premature and mature). 46 cases were st...
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemokines play an important role in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), mediating migration of leukocytes into the central nervous system. CCL2 (MCP-1) chemokine is expressed in astrocytes in MS lesions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a two-year treatment with IFN-beta 1a on serum CCL2 level ...
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Ischemic stroke remains one of the top ten causes of death in children. There is evidence for the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and the -174G>C promoter polymorphism of the IL-6 gene, in the occurrence and outcome of stroke in adults. The aim of the present study was to determine a possibl...
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Paralytic tremor (pt), a hereditary neurological disorder of rabbits, is a recessive, X-linked point mutation in exon 2 of the plp gene, responsible for substitution of 38 His by Glu in the PLP molecule. Pt genotype is expressed in a range of phenotypes, distinguished by the severity of neurological symptoms. Variable...
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Mixed dementia (MixD) refers to a combination of definite Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular encephalopathy. The existence of a "pure" type of vascular dementia (VaD) is controversial. There is a need to find magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics allowing the distinction between V...
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5114/fn.2017.66711
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroacanthocytosis is a rare disease of nervous system with multisystem pathology. This review presents clinical syndromes and morphological changes of sporadic and familial forms of neuroacanthocytosis and is illustrated by the case of a 27-year-old man. Progressive extrapyramidal syndrome appeared at the age of 22....
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metformin, a type 2 anti-diabetic drug and an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), has been shown to reduce infarct size and pathological changes affecting astroglia in animal models of ischemic stroke. In this study, we evaluated how metformin affects cell viability, apoptosis and determined the role of ...
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5114/fn.2018.80866
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::PPAX6 is an important transcription factor which plays an essential role in brain morphogenesis and eye development. It is related to migration of neuroblasts to the cerebral cortex and deep telencephalic nuclei, and the specification of cellular and regional identity. Disturbances of brain development in two sib fetu...
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of transient, global cerebral ischemia on the distribution of endothelin (ET) in blood-brain barrier (BBB) in CA1 area of hippocampus long-time after ischemia was estimated using post-embedding immunogold technique. ET-like immunoreactivity as a gold particles was localized in all compartments of the blood-...
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe here a variety of autophagous forms encountered in the terminal stages of two models of scrapie in hamsters. We also show that the number of autophagic vacuoles increased through the incubation period in the 263K strain scrapie model. In addition, we demonstrated for the first time the presence of aggresom...
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 'prion-like' transfer of pathogenic proteins may play a role in the pathogenesis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Propagation of such proteins along anatomical pathways may give rise to specific spatial patterns of the 'signature' neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCI) characteristic of these disorders....
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5114/fn.2017.70482
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inflammatory process is a nonspecific complex, stereotype, coordinated response of tissues to injury. This process involves vascular permeability, active migration of blood cells, and passage of plasma constituents into the injurious tissue. The molecules that mediate the initial events of inflammation are the adh...
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current basic research on tumorigenesis suggests that the accumulation of multiple genetic defects underlies the progression of initiated cells toward malignancy. Molecular abnormalities associated with primary brain tumors include a wide variety of changes in tumor-suppressor genes, proto-oncogenes and growth factors...
journal_title:Folia neuropathologica
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00