Benzodiazepines for the relief of breathlessness in advanced malignant and non-malignant diseases in adults.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Invasive fungal infection is an increasingly common cause of mortality and morbidity in very low birth weight infants. As the diagnosis is often difficult, and treatment is often delayed, there is a need to assess whether antifungal prophylaxis is beneficial. OBJECTIVES:To assess whether prophylactic intrav...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： McGuire W,Clerihew L,Austin N

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The common cold is a major and recurrent cause of morbidity, on average affecting children and adults two or more times each year. Nasal congestion is its commonest symptom and many therapies are marketed for its relief. There is no meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials on the effects of nasal deconges...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Taverner D,Latte J

更新日期：2007-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder of unknown aetiology. Current pharmacological treatments have limited value. Hypnotherapy has been reported to have beneficial effects for IBS symptoms. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the efficacy of hypnotherapy for the treatment of ir...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Webb AN,Kukuruzovic RH,Catto-Smith AG,Sawyer SM

更新日期：2007-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:All major guidelines on antihypertensive therapy recommend weight loss; anti-obesity drugs may be able to help in this respect. OBJECTIVES: PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:To assess the long-term effects of pharmacologically induced reduction in body weight in adults with essential hypertension on all-cause mortality, ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Siebenhofer A,Jeitler K,Horvath K,Berghold A,Posch N,Meschik J,Semlitsch T

更新日期：2016-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Paraquat is an effective and widely used herbicide but is also a lethal poison. In many developing countries paraquat is widely available and inexpensive, making poisoning prevention difficult. However most of the people who become poisoned from paraquat have taken it as a means of suicide.Standard treatment...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Li LR,Sydenham E,Chaudhary B,You C

更新日期：2010-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Foot ulcers in people with diabetes mellitus are a common and serious global health issue. Dressings form a key part of ulcer treatment, with clinicians and patients having many different types to choose from including alginate dressings. A clear and current overview of current evidence is required to facili...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Dumville JC,O'Meara S,Deshpande S,Speak K

更新日期：2012-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of infrequent periods (oligomenorrhoea) and absence of periods (amenorrhoea). It affects about 4% to 8% of women worldwide and often leads to anovulatory subfertility. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are a novel class of drugs that were introduced for ovul...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Franik S,Kremer JA,Nelen WL,Farquhar C

更新日期：2014-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Sepsis is a common and frequently fatal condition. Human recombinant activated protein C (APC) has been used to reduce the high rate of death by severe sepsis or septic shock. This is an update of a Cochrane review (originally published in 2007 and updated in 2008). OBJECTIVES:We assessed the clinical effec...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Martí-Carvajal AJ,Solà I,Lathyris D,Cardona AF

更新日期：2011-04-13 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Plasmodium vivax liver stages (hypnozoites) may cause relapses, prolonging morbidity, and impeding malaria control and elimination. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends three schedules for primaquine: 0.25 mg/kg/day (standard), or 0.5 mg/kg/day (high standard) for 14 days, or 0.75 mg/kg once weekly...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Milligan R,Daher A,Villanueva G,Bergman H,Graves PM

更新日期：2020-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Given the substantial period of time adults spend in their workplaces each day, these provide an opportune setting for interventions addressing modifiable behavioural risk factors for chronic disease. Previous reviews of trials of workplace-based interventions suggest they can be effective in modifying a ran...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Wolfenden L,Goldman S,Stacey FG,Grady A,Kingsland M,Williams CM,Wiggers J,Milat A,Rissel C,Bauman A,Farrell MM,Légaré F,Ben Charif A,Zomahoun HTV,Hodder RK,Jones J,Booth D,Parmenter B,Regan T,Yoong SL

更新日期：2018-11-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (FED), first described by Ernst Fuchsis in 1910, is a condition in which there is premature degeneration of corneal endothelial cells. When the number of endothelial cells is reduced to a significant degree fluid begins to accumulate within the cornea. As a result the cornea loses...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Nanavaty MA,Shortt AJ

更新日期：2011-07-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The operation of insertion of a hemiarthroplasty to the hip refers to replacement of the femoral head with a prosthesis, whilst retaining the natural acetabulum and acetabular cartilage. The main surgical approaches to the hip for insertion of the prosthesis can be broadly categorised as either 'anterior' vi...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Parker MJ,Pervez H

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Among women with early breast cancer, the effects of ovarian ablation on recurrence and death have been assessed by several randomised trials that now have long follow-up. OBJECTIVES:In this report, the Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group present their third 5-yearly systematic overview (meta...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Clarke MJ

更新日期：2008-10-08 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Anaemia is a frequent condition during pregnancy, particularly among women in low- and middle-income countries. Traditionally, gestational anaemia has been prevented with daily iron supplements throughout pregnancy, but adherence to this regimen due to side effects, interrupted supply of the supplements, and...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Peña-Rosas JP,De-Regil LM,Gomez Malave H,Flores-Urrutia MC,Dowswell T

更新日期：2015-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Rates of injury and death caused by car crashes with teenage drivers remain high in most high-income countries. In addition to injury and death, car use includes other non-traffic risks; these may be health-related, such as physical inactivity or respiratory disease caused by air pollution, or have global si...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Ward A,Lewis SR,Weiss H

更新日期：2020-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Acute gout flares cause significant pain and disability and it is important to provide quick and effective pain relief. Traditional options for managing acute flares include colchicine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticoids. OBJECTIVES:To assess the benefits and harms of interle...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Sivera F,Wechalekar MD,Andrés M,Buchbinder R,Carmona L

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Steroidal contraceptive use has been associated with changes in bone mineral density in women. Whether such changes increase the risk of fractures later in life is not clear. However, osteoporosis is a major public health concern. Age-related decline in bone mass increases the risk of fracture, especially of...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Lopez LM,Grimes DA,Schulz KF,Curtis KM

更新日期：2006-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:One to eight per cent of women suffer third-degree perineal tear (anal sphincter injury) and fourth-degree perineal tear (rectal mucosa injury) during vaginal birth, and these tears are more common after forceps delivery (28%) and midline episiotomies. Third- and fourth-degree tears can become contaminated w...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Buppasiri P,Lumbiganon P,Thinkhamrop J,Thinkhamrop B

更新日期：2014-10-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In children with urinary tract infection (UTI), only those with pyelonephritis (and not cystitis) are at risk for developing long-term renal sequelae. If non-invasive biomarkers could accurately differentiate children with cystitis from children with pyelonephritis, treatment and follow-up could potentially ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Shaikh N,Borrell JL,Evron J,Leeflang MM

更新日期：2015-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Patients with cystic fibrosis, who are chronically colonised with the organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa, often require repeated courses of intravenous aminoglycoside antibiotics for the management of pulmonary exacerbations. The properties of aminoglycosides suggest that they could be given in higher concentra...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Tan K,Bunn H

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:This section is under preparation and will be included in the next issue. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effect of prophylactic administration of synthetic surfactant in preterm newborns at risk for developing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). SEARCH STRATEGY:Searches were made of the Oxford Database of Perin...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Soll RF

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Various aspects of the clinical management of infantile esotropia (IE) are unclear - mainly, the most effective type of intervention and the age at intervention. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to assess the effectiveness of various surgical and non-surgical interventions for IE and to determine...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Elliott S,Shafiq A

更新日期：2005-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Hypertonic solutions are considered to have a greater ability to expand blood volume and thus elevate blood pressure and can be administered as a small volume infusion over a short time period. On the other hand, the use of hypertonic solutions for volume replacement may also have important disadvantages. O...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Bunn F,Roberts I,Tasker R,Akpa E

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is a common complication of lumbar punctures. Several theories have identified the leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the hole in the dura as a cause of this side effect. Therefore, it is necessary to take preventive measures to avoid this complication. Prolonged...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Arevalo-Rodriguez I,Ciapponi A,Munoz L,Roqué i Figuls M,Bonfill Cosp X

更新日期：2013-07-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Hydration has been proposed as a treatment for women with preterm labour. Theoretically, hydration may reduce uterine contractility by increasing uterine blood flow and by decreasing pituitary secretion of antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous or oral hyd...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Stan CM,Boulvain M,Pfister R,Hirsbrunner-Almagbaly P

更新日期：2013-11-04 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Resilience can be defined as the maintenance or quick recovery of mental health during or after periods of stressor exposure, which may result from a potentially traumatising event, challenging life circumstances, a critical life transition phase, or physical illness. Healthcare professionals, such as nurses...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Kunzler AM,Helmreich I,Chmitorz A,König J,Binder H,Wessa M,Lieb K

更新日期：2020-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Osteomyelitis (both acute and chronic) is one of the most common infectious complications in people with sickle cell disease. There is no standardized approach to antibiotic therapy and treatment is likely to vary from country to country. Thus, there is a need to identify the efficacy and safety of different...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Martí-Carvajal AJ,Agreda-Pérez LH

更新日期：2012-12-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. Both antithyroid medications and radioiodine are commonly used treatments but their frequency of use varies between regions and countries. Despite the commonness of the diagnosis, any possible differences between the two treatments with respect to ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Ma C,Xie J,Wang H,Li J,Chen S

更新日期：2016-02-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) affects between 4% and 12% of people aged 55 to 70 years, and 20% of people over 70 years. A common complaint is intermittent claudication, characterised by pain in the legs or buttocks that occurs with exercise and which subsides with rest. Compared with age-matched control...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Bedenis R,Stewart M,Cleanthis M,Robless P,Mikhailidis DP,Stansby G

更新日期：2014-10-31 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Breastfeeding is important, however not all infants can feed at the breast and methods of expressing milk need evaluation. OBJECTIVES:To assess acceptability, effectiveness, safety, effect on milk composition, contamination and costs of methods of milk expression. SEARCH METHODS:We searched the Cochrane Pr...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Becker GE,Smith HA,Cooney F

更新日期：2016-09-29 00:00:00