Abstract:
:Because of its policy implications, the income elasticity of health care expenditures is a subject of much debate. Governments may have an interest in subsidizing the care of those with low income. Using more than two decades of data from the Iran Household Expenditure and Income Survey, this article investigates the relationship between income and health care expenditure in urban and rural areas in Iran, a resource rich, upper-middle-income country. We implemented spline and quantile regression techniques to obtain a more robust description of the relationship of interest. This study finds non-uniform effects of income on health expenditures. Although the results show that health care is a necessity for all income brackets, spline regression estimates indicate that the income elasticity is lowest for the poorest Iranians in urban and rural areas. This suggests that they will show low flexibility in medical expenses as income fluctuates. Further, a quantile regression model assessing the effect of income at different level of medical expenditure suggests that households with lower medical expenses are less elastic.
journal_name
Health Policy Planjournal_title
Health policy and planningauthors
Zare H,Trujillo AJ,Leidman E,Buttorff Cdoi
10.1093/heapol/czs106subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-09-01 00:00:00pages
665-79issue
6eissn
0268-1080issn
1460-2237pii
czs106journal_volume
28pub_type
杂志文章abstract::This paper seeks to examine barriers faced by members of a community-based insurance (CBI) scheme, which is targeted at poor women and their families, in accessing scheme benefits. CBI schemes have been developed and promoted as mechanisms to offer protection to poor families from the risks of ill-health, death and lo...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czj010
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We assessed the technical content of sugar, salt and trans-fats policies in six countries in relation to the World Health Organization 'Best Buys' guidelines for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). National research teams identified policies and strategies related to promoting healthy diets...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czz175
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), making the best use of scarce resources is essential to achieving universal health coverage. The design of health benefits packages creates the opportunity to select interventions on the basis of explicit objectives. Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis (DCEA) provide...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czaa015
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study compares the quality of services provided by public and private hospitals in Bangladesh. The premise of the paper was that the quality of hospital services would be contingent on the incentive structure under which these institutions operate. Since private hospitals are not subsidized and depend on income f...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/15.1.95
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Ghana, Tanzania and South Africa, health care financing is progressive overall. However, out-of-pocket payments and health insurance for the informal sector are regressive. The distribution of health care benefits is generally pro-rich. This paper explores the factors influencing these distributions in the three co...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czs024
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drink-driving is a major cause of global road traffic fatalities, yet few countries have laws that meet international best practices. One possible reason is the alcohol industry's opposition to meaningful policies that are perceived to directly threaten sales. Our primary objectives are to document alcohol industry in...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czaa097
更新日期:2020-11-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Socio-economic inequalities in maternal and child health are ubiquitous, but limited information is available on how much the quality of care varies according to wealth or ethnicity in low- and middle-income countries. Also, little information exists on quality differences between public and private provider...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czp065
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protecting households from high out-of-pocket (OOP) payments for health care is an important health system goal. High OOP payments can push households into poverty and make them vulnerable to catastrophic health expenditures. This study, based in India, aims to: (a) estimate OOP payments for health and related impover...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czr029
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Little is understood about the feasibility and acceptability of primary care-based models of task-sharing care for people with severe mental disorders (SMDs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A participatory planning approach was adopted in preparation for the transition from hospital-delivered psychiatric ...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czv072
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In Nepal, women residing in rural areas tend to bypass local birth centres and deliver at urban hospitals, despite the availability of obstetric care in these centres. This study investigated the incidence of bypassing, characteristics of bypassers and their reasons for bypassing the birth centres. METHODS:...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czt090
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the number of direct Ebola-related deaths from the 2013 to 2016 West African Ebola outbreak has been quantified, the number of indirect deaths, resulting from decreased utilization of routine health services, remains unknown. Such information is a key ingredient of health system resilience, essential for adeq...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czx108
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) has been adopted by over 80 countries as a strategy for reducing child mortality and improving child health and development. It includes complementary interventions designed to address the major causes of child mortality at community, health facility, and health system...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czh001
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although logic models are now touted as an important component of health promotion planning, implementation and evaluation, there are few published manuscripts that describe the process of logic model development, and fewer which do so with community involvement, despite the increasing emphasis on participatory resear...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czr001
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neonatal deaths account for about half of all deaths among children under 5 years of age in Bangladesh, making prevention a major priority. This paper reports on a study of neonatal deaths in 12 areas of Bangladesh served by a large NGO programme, which had high coverage of reproductive health outreach services and re...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czl024
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Of the millions of Community Health Workers (CHWs) serving their communities across the world, there are approximately twice as many female CHWs as there are male. Hiring women has in many cases become an ethical expectation, in part because working as a CHW is often seen as empowering the CHW herself to enact positiv...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czz025
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is increasing interest in the prospects for managed market reforms in developing countries, stimulated by current reforms and policy debates in developed countries, and by perceptions of widespread public sector inefficiency in many countries. This review examines the prospects for such reforms in a developing c...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/heapol/9.3.237
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::OBJECTIVES Like many other developing countries, South Africa provides free medicines through its public health care facilities. Recent policies encourage generic substitution in the private sector. This study explored South African consumer perceptions of drug quality and whether these perceptions influenced how peop...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czp039
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Almost all sub-Saharan countries have adopted cost-reduction policies to facilitate access to health care. However, several studies underline the reimbursement delays experienced by health facilities, which lead to deficient implementation of these policies. In April 2016, for its free care policy, Burkina Faso shifte...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czaa039
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccination, like most other public health services, relies on a complex package of intervention components, functioning systems and committed actors to achieve universal coverage. Despite significant investment in immunization programmes, national coverage trends have slowed and equity gaps have grown. This paper des...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czaa127
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In most settings, a 'public' health service refers to a service which belongs to the state. The term 'private' is used when health care is delivered by individuals and/or institutions not administered by the state. In this paper it is argued that such a distinction, which is based on the institutional or administrativ...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/12.3.193
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 1993 World Development Report is proving to be an influential document for the development of the health sector policies in developing countries. One important aspect of the Report concerns its proposals for Disability Adjusted Life Years as a measure of health change and hence effectiveness of interventions. This...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/11.2.179
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In many developing countries people are expected to contribute to the cost of health care from their own pockets. As a result, people's ability to pay (ATP) for health care, or the affordability of health care, has become a critical policy issue in developing countries, and a particularly urgent issue where households...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/heapol/11.3.219
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Lack of information on the warning signs of complications during pregnancy, parturition and postpartum hampers women's ability to partake fully in safe motherhood initiatives. We assessed the extent to which women in 19 countries of sub-Saharan Africa recall receiving information about pregnancy complicati...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czp017
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contracting non-governmental organizations (NGOs) has been shown to increase health service delivery output considerably over relatively short time frames in low-income countries, especially when applying performance-related pay as a stimulus. A key concern is how to manage the transition back to government-operated s...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czp049
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contributing to the ongoing debate about policy feedback in comparative public policy research, this article examines the evolution of healthcare financing policy in Ghana. More specifically, this article investigates the shift in healthcare financing from full cost recovery, known as 'cash-and-carry', to a nation-wid...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czaa080
更新日期:2020-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::Facing escalating health care expenditures, the governments of countries with national health insurance programs are trying to control or even to reduce health care utilization. Little research has examined the effects of decreased health care utilization on health outcomes. Applying a natural experiment design to the...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czr080
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study compares household heads' willingness-to-pay (WTP) for community-based health insurance (CBI) for themselves with their WTP for other household members, in order to provide information for policy makers on setting the premium and choosing the enrollment unit. METHOD:A random sample of 698 heads of...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czh014
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 2014, the Indonesian government passed the Mental Health Act (MHA) to address the country's complex mental health situation. The implementation of the MHA has been slow, and little is known about how the MHA is perceived by mental healthcare providers within local settings. This study aimed to obtain insight into p...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czaa139
更新日期:2020-11-23 00:00:00
abstract::Sector-wide approaches (SWAps) in health were developed in the early 1990s in response to widespread dissatisfaction with fragmented donor-sponsored projects and prescriptive adjustment lending. SWAps were intended to provide a more coherent way to articulate and manage government-led sectoral policies and expenditure...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czs128
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Afghanistan has one of the highest rates of maternal mortality in the world. We assess the health outcomes and cost-effectiveness of strategies to improve the safety of pregnancy and childbirth in Afghanistan. METHODS:Using national and sub-national data, we adapted a previously validated model that simulat...
journal_title:Health policy and planning
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/heapol/czs026
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00