Abstract:
:About one-third of the world population has latent TB infection (LTBI), the majority of which is distributed in 22 high-burden countries. Early diagnosis and treatment of active TB remains the top priority in resource-poor countries with high TB prevalence. Notwithstanding, because LTBI contributes significantly to the pool of active TB cases later on, its diagnosis and treatment is essential, especially in high-risk groups. The lack of a gold standard and several limitations of currently available tools, namely the tuberculin skin test and interferon-γ release assays, are major constraints for LTBI diagnosis. In areas with high TB prevalence, interferon-γ release assays have not shown superiority over the conventional tuberculin skin test and are yet to be systematically studied. Decisions regarding LTBI treatment with isoniazid preventive therapy should be made, keeping in mind the high prevalence of isoniazid resistance in these settings. Although efforts to shorten the LTBI treatment duration are encouraging, most trials have focused on adherence and toxicity. Future trials on short-duration regimens in high-burden settings should address drug efficacy issues as well. LTBI management, therefore, should comprise a targeted screening approach and individualization of LTBI treatment protocols. In addition, efforts should focus on airborne infection control measures in high-burden countries. A high prevalence of drug-resistant TB, the HIV epidemic, and delays in the diagnosis of active TB cases are other major concerns in areas of high TB prevalence. There is ample space for further research in these countries, whose outcomes may strengthen future national guidelines.
journal_name
Chestjournal_title
Chestauthors
Sharma SK,Mohanan S,Sharma Adoi
10.1378/chest.12-0142subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-09-01 00:00:00pages
761-773issue
3eissn
0012-3692issn
1931-3543pii
S0012-3692(12)60522-4journal_volume
142pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
CHEST文献大全abstract::Diagnosis of the hereditary disorder alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) deficiency is critically dependent on quantification of serum levels of alpha 1AT, a 52-kDa antiprotease that serves to protect the lung from destruction by neutrophil elastase. Although the measurement of serum alpha 1AT levels is not difficult, the...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.100.3.703
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients with chronic bird fancier's lung (BFL) can be classified into two types. One group of patients develops chronic disease with fluctuating acute episodes, including low-grade fever, mild exertional dyspnea, and cough (fluctuating chronic BFL; formerly termed recurrent and relapsing chronic BFL). The o...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.118.5.1382
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The effects of regular inhaled beta-agonist treatment on lung function remain a controversial issue. In an earlier study, the administration of regular inhaled salbutamol resulted in negative changes in FEV1 not only in asthmatics, but also in nonasthmatic atopic subjects. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study wa...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1378/chest.112.1.12
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND STUDY OBJECTIVE:Phrenic nerve injury may occur after cardiac surgery; however, its cause has not been extensively investigated with electrophysiology. The purpose of this study was to determine by electrophysiologic means the importance of various possible risk factors in the development of phrenic nerve...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.113.1.8
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Little is known about the association between left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction and outcomes in patients with idiopathic or heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Our rationale was to investigate the prevalence of LV diastolic dysfunction, and its association with disease severity and out...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.11-1903
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We retrospectively evaluated the clinical effectiveness of a treatment schedule with intermittent positive pressure ventilation via nasal mask in 49 patients with acute exacerbations of COLD. According to the ability to successfully tolerate a preliminary trial with NIPPV, patients were submitted either to standard tr...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.101.6.1533
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To compare drug output from a vented nebulizer (Pari LC Jet Plus) with a traditional unvented nebulizer (Hudson 1730 T Up-Draft 11) using aerosolized tobramycin, which is frequently used in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. DESIGN:Six nebulizers of each type were filled with a 4 mL tobramycin (80 mg) s...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.113.4.951
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 35-year-old man had a history of recurrent syncope for more than a decade. During a witnessed episode, an ambulatory electrocardiographic recording showed ventricular flutter/fibrillation that lasted for 2 1/2 minutes and terminated spontaneously without adverse neurologic sequelae. No structural heart disease and n...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1378/chest.106.5.1601
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although diaphragmatic motion is readily studied by ultrasonography, the procedure remains poorly codified. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the reference values for diaphragmatic motion as recorded by M-mode ultrasonography. METHODS:Two hundred ten healthy adult subjects (150 men, 60 wome...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.08-1541
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Clinical practice guidelines have been devised to change practitioner performance and to improve the process and outcomes of care. The objective of this study was to determine whether adherence to a practice guideline on noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) for the treatment of patients with acut...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.123.6.2062
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Devices that reduce technical difficulty and anastigmatic time when repairing large vessels such as the thoracic aorta would be beneficial. The aim of this study was to determine if titanium vascular closure staples (3 mm) could be safely and quickly applied in the repair of large vessels such as the thoracic...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.118.6.1762
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the bronchodilator effectiveness of albuterol reformulated in the chlorofluorocarbon-free propellant hydrofluoroalkane (HFA)134a (Proventil HFA) to that of Ventolin and HFA placebo over 12 weeks of regular dosing. DESIGN:Randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel group, placebo-controlled, m...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1378/chest.113.2.283
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The World Trade Center (WTC) collapse on September 11, 2001, produced airflow obstruction in a majority of firefighters receiving subspecialty pulmonary evaluation (SPE) within 6.5 years post-September 11, 2001. METHODS:In a cohort of 801 never smokers with normal pre-September 11, 2001, FEV1, we correlated...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.11-1202
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The criteria of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) for determining the end-point of the forced vital capacity (FVC) maneuver were compared with an algorithm employed by a computer system (Hewlett-Packard), which yields a later end-point. The 150 subjects tested were divided into five groups of 30 on the basis of the ...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.91.1.100
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The diaphragm is the primary muscle of inspiration. Its capacity to respond to the load imposed by pulmonary disease is a major determining factor both in the onset of ventilatory failure and in the ability to successfully separate patients from ventilator support. It has recently been established that a very large pr...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.chest.2018.08.1028
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is a growing use of procalcitonin (PCT) to facilitate the diagnosis and management of severe sepsis. We investigated the impact of one to two PCT determinations on ICU day 1 on health-care utilization and cost in a large research database. METHODS:A retrospective, propensity score-matched multivariabl...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chest.2016.06.046
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The adverse effects of prolonged immobility are due primarily to gravitational effects on blood flow and ventilation, impairment of the normal mucociliary escalator and possibly an increase in extravascular lung water. However, CLRT theoretically should reverse these abnormalities. The sequence of events that culminat...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验,评审
doi:10.1378/chest.99.5.1263
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clonidine was given to patients with essential hypertension, renovascular hypertension, and hypertension with parenchymal renal disease. The drug was effective in all groups but was more effective in patients with high plasma renin concentration. Renal function did not deteriorate when the drug was used, and there was...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.83.2_supplement.383
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 10-year-old, 36-kg child with a malignant air leak who failed conventional mechanical ventilation and high-frequency jet ventilation was successfully treated with a neonatal high-frequency oscillatory ventilator for 31 days. Since the air leak resolved with minimal hemodynamic compromise, this technique may have app...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.100.1.263
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with HES and pulmonary infiltrates may pose certain diagnostic problems as the infiltrates may be attributed to infection, infarction, congestive heart failure, or HES itself. We report an 87-year-old woman with idiopathic HES presenting with bibasal alveolar infiltrates. Differential cell count in BAL fluid ...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.101.4.1178
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The preoperative physiologic assessment of a patient being considered for surgical resection of lung cancer must consider the immediate perioperative risks from comorbid cardiopulmonary disease, the long-term risks of pulmonary disability, and the threat to survival due to inadequately treated lung cancer. As with any...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 指南,杂志文章,实务指引
doi:10.1378/chest.123.1_suppl.105s
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The management of intractable hemoptysis, short of surgery, is poorly defined. A technique is described utilizing a bronchofiberscope and a Fogarty catheter that not only provides visualization of the source of bleeding, but also furnishes a means of controlling the bleeding. This technique can also be used through a ...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.67.4.482
更新日期:1975-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::An unusual case of essential thrombocythemia in a young man presenting with progressive angina pectoris is presented. Angiography revealed proximal left anterior descending artery stenosis. Successful percutaneous transluminal angioplasty along with antiplatelet therapy and a calcium channel blocking drug have rendere...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.86.6.933
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Exhaled breath temperature (EBT) is a new noninvasive method for the study of inflammatory respiratory diseases with a potential to reach clinical practice. However, few studies are available regarding the validation of this method, and they were mainly derived from small, pediatric populations; thus, the ra...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chest.2016.11.013
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thirteen patients with stable airway disease were fed a diet high in carbohydrates, and 35 minutes later metabolic and ventilatory effects were observed. The six patients who did not retain carbon dioxide increased their mean respiratory quotient from 0.86 +/- 0.07 to 1.03 +/- 0.04, their mean minute ventilation from ...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.71.1.55
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of our study was to determine the frequency of cardiac ectopy during the performance of flow-volume loops. The performance of an adequate flow-volume loop entails significant shifts in intrathoracic pressure and oxyhemoglobin saturation that could heighten myocardial arrhythmogenicity and lead to increased...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.103.4.1006
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Work-related symptoms and disability due to respiratory disease are common and costly among working-age adults. To investigate this problem, we analyzed data on respiratory symptoms related to the workplace and occupational disability from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). METHODS:Th...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Failure to reliably diagnose ARDS may be a major driver of negative clinical trials and underrecognition and treatment in clinical practice. We sought to examine the interobserver reliability of the Berlin ARDS definition and examine strategies for improving the reliability of ARDS diagnosis. METHODS:Two hu...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chest.2017.11.037
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to assess the additional information obtained from 24 hours compared to 12 hours of ambulatory ECG (electrocardiogram) recording, we analyzed 72 ambulatory ECG monitoring tapes in which arrhythmias were present. In all cases the second 12 hours included the entire period of sleep. Only 38 of 233 (16 percent) ...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.67.3.269
更新日期:1975-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) conventionally includes awake hypercapnia, but an isolated raised bicarbonate, even in the absence of awake hypercapnia, may represent evidence of "early" OHS. We investigated whether such individuals exhibit certain features characteristic of established OHS. METHODS:...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.14-1279
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00