Abstract：
:Therapeutic approaches to seasonal allergic rhinitis are reviewed in this paper. Pharmacotherapeutic approaches include nonsedative antihistamines, anti-allergic drugs, vasoconstrictors, anticholinergic agents and topical corticosteroids. The choice of treatment depends upon its relative efficacy and safety. Although effective, immunotherapy has been seriously questioned in recent years owing to the occurrence of possibly serious side-effects. Antihistamines are safe and effective for treatment of histamine-mediated symptoms of itching, sneezing and rhinorrhoea. The newer compounds do not cause sedation. For nasal symptoms, topical anti-allergic drugs are not as effective as other treatments. Topical vasoconstrictors are often used, though they cause side-effects when the treatment is prolonged. Anticholinergic drugs are safe and effective for rhinorrhea. Corticosteroids are highly effective for most symptoms, but their administration by oral or parenteral routes cannot be recommended because of side-effects. Topical corticosteroids inactivated by hepatic first pass metabolism are favoured as they are highly effective and safe. Their mechanism of action is not completely understood, but they act through both an anti-inflammatory effect and an anti-allergic activity decreasing mediator release. These drugs are the most effective in the treatment of nasal obstruction because of their anti-inflammatory effect. They are usually administered in response to symptoms, but in the future, it is likely that they will be used prophylactically before the pollen season in order to decrease the priming effect.
journal_name
Respir Medjournal_title
Respiratory medicineauthors
Bousquet J,Chanez P,Michel FBdoi
10.1016/s0954-6111(08)80002-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-11-01 00:00:00pages
11-7eissn
0954-6111issn
1532-3064pii
S0954-6111(08)80002-9journal_volume
84 Suppl Apub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess whether tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonism can attenuate eosinophilic airway inflammation in patients with mild-to-moderate allergic asthma. DESIGN:Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING:National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center. PATIENTS:Twenty-six patients wit...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2005.02.031
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Integrins play key roles in cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion. We investigated integrin expression on pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs) and the inhibitory effect of arginine-glycine-asparate (RGD)-containing peptide on the adhesion of PMCs to fibronectin and collagen. Using flow cytometry and...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/rmed.2000.1026
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Exercise induced asthma may symptomatically be difficult to differentiate from exercise related obstruction in the upper airways, sometimes leading to diagnostic confusion and inappropriate treatment. Larynx accounts for a significant fraction of total airway resistance, but its role as a limiting factor for...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2009.05.024
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Airway dehydration and subsequent hyperosmolarity of periciliary fluid are considered critical events in exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). It has been shown that an in vitro hyperosmolar stimulation of basophils and mast cells with mannitol can induce the release of histamine and leukotrienes. The aim of thi...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0954-6111(03)00119-7
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systemic inflammation may be present in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Exercise is known to elicit an inflammatory response. We hypothesized that the systemic inflammatory response to exercise might be exaggerated in COPD patients compared to healthy subjects. Sixteen COPD patients and 11 ...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2005.03.028
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of this retrospective study is to present data on clinical significance of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) serum levels in an unselected contemporary patient population with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in limited disease (LD) and extensive disease stage (ED). PATIENTS AND METHODS:From June 2004 to June 2...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2010.07.013
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aminophylline administration was compared in 43 patients who died from asthma and 43 matched controls who were admitted, suffering from acute asthma, to hospitals in the North East Thames Region. A computer program, which used information about individual characteristics, medical history and drug intake, was employed ...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0954-6111(89)80035-6
更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In studies of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), whites makeup the vast majority of subjects. Whether ethnic/racial differences in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis occur in the general population is unknown. METHODS:To compare the presence of IPF between ethnic/racial groups of U.S. decedents from 1989 to 20...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2012.01.002
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Dipyrone (Novalgin) is an effective analgesic, antipyretic agent also with spasmolytic effects on various types of smooth muscles. It has recently been reported that dipyrone relaxes tracheal smooth muscle of guinea pig. In this present study, we aimed to investigate whether this and previously reported in vi...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2005.09.002
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of patient education on morbidity in asthmatics and COPD patients has not previously been investigated in a single study. We randomized 78 asthmatics and 62 COPD patients after ordinary outpatient management. Intervention consisted of educational group sessions and individual sessions administered by a trai...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1053/rmed.1999.0749
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To examine tobacco use among teenagers, identify factors related to tobacco use, as well as evaluate the outcome of a smoking prevention program. METHODS:From age 7/8 to 14/15, annual questionnaires about asthma and allergy have been completed in the OLIN paediatric study in Northern Sweden. From 12/13 years, ques...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2006.07.001
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To describe how patients with COPD, heart failure, dementia and cancer differ in frequency and timing of referral to palliative care services. METHODS:We performed a population-based study with the Sentinel Network of General Practitioners in Belgium. Of 2405 registered deaths respectively 5%, 4% and 28% were iden...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2013.06.003
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anxiety and depression can increase the intensity of dyspnea out of proportion to the impairment in cardiorespiratory function and may contribute to the degree of disability associated with dyspnea. The effect of anxiety/depression on the sensory and affective components of reported dyspnea in patients with respirator...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2012.12.018
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Combination therapy with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting β(2)-adrenergic agonists (LABA) is reported to have superior effects on controlling asthma symptoms to ICS alone; however, there is no molecular-based evidence to explain the clinical effects. Here, the effect of the ICS/LABA combination ...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2011.08.020
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Sleep disorders have a high prevalence among patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) is not known in these patients, neither is its clinical impact as a comorbidity. We investigated the association of RLS with IPF and characterized the clinical feature...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2020.105982
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Limited knowledge exists about development of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) through adolescence. We aimed to assess changes in and risk factors for BHR in adolescence. From a Norwegian birth cohort 517 subjects underwent clinical examinations, structured interviews and methacholine challenges at age 10 and 16. B...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2011.09.013
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Maximal inspiratory (PImax) and expiratory (PEmax) mouth pressures were measured in seven normal adults in both sitting and half-lying positions on 2 days. Analysis of variance did not reveal significant differences between measurements made in the two positions for either PImax or PEmax. Measurements were repeatable ...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0954-6111(06)80081-8
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A simple rule based on short-acting inhaled β2-agonist (SABA) use could identify patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at increased risk of exacerbations and signal the need for maintenance therapy change, similar to asthma "Rules of Two(®)". METHODS:Associations between SABA use, COPD ...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2014.07.002
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In an attempt to guide physicians asked by respiratory patients for advice on flight fitness, the British Thoracic Society (BTS) have published guidelines on fitness to fly. The main potential hazard is hypobaric hypoxia, and efforts have focused on the prediction of hypoxia in individuals. The present study examines ...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2008.05.005
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To document the rate and cost of antibiotic prescribing for patients diagnosed only with influenza during US ambulatory care visits. Federal survey data for 1997-2001 were used to estimate outpatient trends for all patients and healthy people age 5-49 years. Cost estimates were based on Medicare payments and Red Book ...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2004.03.021
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Viozan (sibenadet HCl, AR-C68397AA) is a novel dual D2 dopamine receptor, beta2-adrenoceptor agonist that has been investigated for efficacy in alleviating the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The slowly progressive nature of this disease means that patients will require ongoing therapeutic ma...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of our study was to evaluate the utility of interrupter resistance (R(int)), transcutaneous oximetry and auscultation as outcome measures for a recently suggested tripling-dose methacholine (Mch) challenge in pre-school children. We studied 57 children aged 3-6 years. R(int) was measured at baseline and after ...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2007.07.002
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study we aimed to estimate direct medical costs of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) by disease type; chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This study estimates direct costs in 1996 dollars using a prevalence approach and both aggregate and microcosting. A societal perspective is taken using prevalence,...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/rmed.1999.0720
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and irreversible interstitial lung disease with poor prognosis despite the recent availability of two antifibrotic drugs. Patients are more susceptible to cardiovascular comorbidities. In this study, we aimed to determine the impact of concom...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106259
更新日期：2020-11-26 00:00:00
abstract：:The diagnostic value of isocapnic hyperventilation of cold air (IHCA) is not fully established. All 342 adult patients in whom IHCA had been performed because of a clinical suspicion of asthma between 1992 and 1994 were analysed retrospectively in the authors' hospital. In addition, 26 healthy subjects were recruited....
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0954-6111(97)90112-8
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) improves muscle performance and exercise tolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. In contrast, no study has assessed the effect of NMES on dynamic hyperinflation (DH) in COPD. This study investigated the effect of short-term, high-frequen...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2013.12.013
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the pneumonia severity index (PSI) could adequately predict the severity of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and could be used as a severity of illness classification system. Furthermore, reasons that may influence the decision to admit low risk patients were a...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2004.02.022
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine if shortcomings in asthma management in the Accident and Emergency (A & E) department identified in a previous (1983) study (Reed et al. Thorax 1985; 40: 897-902) had been corrected, we retrospectively reviewed the case records of patients attending with asthma between December 1987 and November 1988. The...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0954-6111(06)80180-0
更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common extramuscular manifestation of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM). Patients with antisynthetase antibodies (ASA) demonstrate some or all of the features of the antisynthetase syndrome including IIM and ILD. It ...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2014.09.003
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Given the high prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the impact of exacerbations on quality of life, and the costs incurred, effective ways for the prevention of exacerbations, and for reductions in the severity and duration of COPD symptoms are needed. Bacterial immunostimulation has been advoca...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2007.11.002
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
