Abstract:
:Although social networks are known to play an important role in drug-using behaviours associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, literature on social networks and HCV is inconsistent. This exploratory study examined HCV RNA distribution within a social network of anti-HCV-positive non-medical prescription opioid users (NMPOUs) in rural Appalachia. Participants were tested serologically for HCV RNA, and behavioural, demographic, and network data were collected using interview-administered questionnaires. Multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression. Behavioural and demographic characteristics did not differ by RNA status. In the multivariate model, recent injecting drug users (IDUs) were more likely to be RNA positive [odds ratio (OR) 4·06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·04-15·83], and turnover into an IDU's drug network was significantly protective (OR 0·15, 95% CI 0·03-0·75). This is the first study to date to examine HCV distribution in rural NMPOUs from a network perspective and demonstrates that network characteristics significantly contribute to the epidemiology of HCV in this understudied, high-risk population.
journal_name
Epidemiol Infectjournal_title
Epidemiology and infectionauthors
Young AM,Jonas AB,Havens JRdoi
10.1017/S0950268812000696subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-02-01 00:00:00pages
402-11issue
2eissn
0950-2688issn
1469-4409pii
S0950268812000696journal_volume
141pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Two hundred and forty-eight patients from shared oncology and general medical wards were prospectively studied over a 6-month period for carriage of Clostridium difficile during an outbreak of clinical disease with an epidemic strain of the organism. Risk factors for infection were assessed. Acute leukaemia and/or its...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800065560
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two cases of hospital-acquired listeriosis were linked to a commercially produced, pasteurized ice cream mix. Manufacturers should implement safety measures from the Food Safety Modernization Act to minimize the risk of Listeria contamination. Dietary guidelines for persons at high risk of listeriosis may need revisio...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268815003039
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genetic relationships between various serotypes and serogroups of meningococcal strains were investigated by restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using a number of random DNA probes and a probe containing a truncated copy of the meningococcal insertion sequence IS1106. The data were used to est...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800050184
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 12-month survey on the incidence of campylobacter infection in 1217 patients with diarrhoea was carried out in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Campylobacters were isolated from 55 (4.5%) patients, second in prevalence to salmonellas (6.2%). Shigellas were isolated from 4.2% of patients. Campylobacter isolation rates were high...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800049499
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serological tests are very frequently used in epidemiological surveys of leishmaniasis and other parasitoses. Their sensitivity and specificity are generally defined with respect to parasitism and disease, rather than infection. The reason is that known positives are those individuals most likely to yield parasites, o...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800051074
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Records of absenteeism from primary schools are valuable data for infectious diseases surveillance. However, the analysis of the absenteeism is complicated by the data features of clustering at zero, non-independence and overdispersion. This study aimed to generate an appropriate model to handle the absenteeism data c...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026881800136X
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In March 1997, an outbreak of Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 (VTEC) infection occurred amongst holidaymakers returning from Fuerteventura, Canary Islands. For the investigation, a confirmed case was an individual staying in Fuerteventura during March 1997, with either E. coli O157 VTEC isolated in stoo...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899002940
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::An outbreak of legionellosis associated with a hotel in Sydney, Australia, and the subsequent epidemiological and environmental investigations are described. Four cases of Legionnaires' disease were notified to the Public Health Unit. A cross-sectional study of 184 people who attended a seminar at the hotel was carrie...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800052420
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of Legionella spp. in the water of a Portuguese spa was ascertained during the spa season, between May and November. Simultaneously the prevalence of anti-legionella antibodies in people attending the spa was also investigated. The antibody titres of 172 randomly selected patients and 42 therapists were d...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800058143
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug use is a major mode of HIV transmission in Thailand. This study determined HIV incidence rates among drug users in a regional drug treatment centre in northern Thailand. A retrospective cohort of repeatedly-hospitalized drug users between 1993 and 1997 was formed and HIV incidence rates were calculated. The overa...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899004197
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae is a cause of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) worldwide and has been associated with IPD outbreaks, while carriage is rarely detected in healthy adults or children. This study details an Australian multi-state and territory outbreak of serotype 1 S. pneumoniae IPD between 2010 a...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268814000648
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the incidence of cases of nosocomial pathogens and risk factors in an intensive treatment unit ward to determine if the number of cases is dependent on location of patients and the colonization/infection history of the ward. A clustering approach method was developed to investigate the patterns of spre...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026880999094X
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medico-legal death investigation systems have the potential to play an important role in disease surveillance. While these systems are in place to serve a public function, the degree to which they are independent of central government can vary depending on jurisdiction. How these systems use this independence may pres...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0950268810002840
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An analysis was undertaken to measure age-specific vaccine effectiveness (VE) of 2010/11 trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine (TIV) and monovalent 2009 pandemic influenza vaccine (PIV) administered in 2009/2010. The test-negative case-control study design was employed based on patients consulting primary care. Overall...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268812001148
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is concern that widespread usage of ertapenem may promote cross-resistance to other carbapenems. To analyse the impact that adding ertapenem to our hospital formulary had on usage of other broad-spectrum agents and on susceptibilities of nosocomial Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas isolates, we performed interr...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268811000082
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this research was to determine whether trappers in northern Alaska acquired immunity to rabies virus from non-bite exposures while trapping and skinning arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus). In coastal Alaska recurring epizootics presumably provide trappers ample opportunity for contact with rabid animals. Ser...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800051554
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Orf virus has a worldwide distribution among sheep and goats. The hypersensitivity reaction erythema multiforme (EM) is a known complication of orf infection in humans; however, its occurrence is poorly understood and has not been extensively reviewed. We present two unrelated cases of orf-associated EM, and a review ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0950268814000879
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During 2004 and at the start of 2005 a university hospital in Southwest Germany was affected by an extensive outbreak of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE). Although the outbreak was contained, linezolid-resistant enterococci emerged during and after the outbreak as the usage of linezolid became more comm...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268807009508
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transmission of acute respiratory infections (ARI) and acute gastroenteritis (AGE) often occurs in households. The aim of this study was to assess which proportion of ARI and AGE is introduced and transmitted by children in German households with children attending child care. We recruited families with children aged ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268818000316
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The screening of 2000 women of childbearing age in Cork between 2004 and 2006 produced 37 erythromycin-resistant group B streptococcus (GBS) isolates. PCR analysis was performed to determine the basis for erythromycin resistance. The ermTR gene was most frequently expressed (n = 19), followed by the ermB gene (n = 8)....
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268809990392
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The patterns of disease caused by five common viruses which infect the respiratory tract are described. The viruses were strains of rhinovirus types 2, 9, and 14, a strain of coronavirus type 229E and of respiratory syncytial virus. Volunteers were given nasal drops containing a low infectious dose of one of the virus...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800056764
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electrophoretic types B1 and B2 of carboxylesterase B produced by strains of Escherichia coli isolated from 100 septicaemia cases were correlated with alpha-haemolysin and mannose resistant haemagglutinin (MRHA) production and with clinical data including eventual underlying diseases, origin of septicaemia and evoluti...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800065559
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 2-year study from January 1981 to December 1982 was undertaken to determine the role of viruses in the causation of diarrhoea in hospitalized children in Pune, Maharashtra State, India. The stool samples of 426 children (213 diarrhoeal and 213 non-diarrhoeal controls) were investigated by electron microscopy and ELI...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800030028
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, the effect of Toxoplasma gondii infection on the cerebrum and neuropsychiatric patients has been increasingly highlighted. However, there is limited information about the epidemiology of T. gondii infection in psychiatric patients in Shandong province, eastern China. Therefore, through a case-control ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268814003835
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Public Health England conducts enhanced national surveillance of tetanus, a potentially life-threatening vaccine-preventable disease. A standardized questionnaire was used to ascertain clinical and demographic details of individuals reported with clinically suspected tetanus. The 96 cases identified between 2001 and 2...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026881600128X
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thailand was a hyper-endemic country for dengue with co-circulation of four serotypes and tens of thousands of infected cases annually. Taking into consideration the large number of local dengue virus (DENV) sequences available in GenBank, Thailand was the most ideal locality to study co-evolution of DENV. Therefore, ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268812000908
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China rapidly spread throughout the world, becoming a threatening pandemic with unprecedented consequences. Mobile technologies have led to a revolution in health and their applicability in the context of COVID-19 is promising. In this commentary, we provide an overview of t...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268820002435
更新日期:2020-10-13 00:00:00
abstract::Tuberculosis (TB) mortality rates in the USA fell rapidly from 1910 to 1933. However, during this period, racial disparities in TB mortality in the nation's expanding cities grew. Because of long delays between infection and disease, TB mortality is a poor indicator of short-term changes in transmission. We estimated ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268817000802
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The occupational risk of acquiring minor respiratory infections for paediatric student nurses was estimated by performing serological examinations with influenza A, B, C, parainfluenza, mumps, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae at 6-month intervals over a period of 4 years in paediatric ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800061707
更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aims to locate the knots of cumulative coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case number during the first-level response to public health emergency in the provinces of China except Hubei. The provinces were grouped into three regions, namely eastern, central and western provinces, and the trends between adjac...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026882000312X
更新日期:2021-01-05 00:00:00