Abstract:
:Very few Pacific islands escaped the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic. Subsequent influenza epidemics in the established colonial outposts of American Samoa and New Caledonia infected many but killed very few persons whereas the extraordinarily isolated Niue, Rotuma, Jaliut and Yule islands experienced high mortality influenza epidemics (>3% of population) following 1918. These dichotomous outcomes indicate that previous influenza exposure and degree of epidemiological isolation were important mortality risk factors during influenza epidemics on Pacific islands.
journal_name
Epidemiol Infectjournal_title
Epidemiology and infectionauthors
Shanks GD,Brundage JFdoi
10.1017/S0950268812000866subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-02-01 00:00:00pages
353-6issue
2eissn
0950-2688issn
1469-4409pii
S0950268812000866journal_volume
141pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章abstract::Neonatal tetanus (NT) elimination, < 1 case per 1,000 live births (LB), was assessed at district level in Zimbabwe using a combined lot quality assurance-cluster sampling survey (LQA-CS). Three of the highest risk districts were selected. NT was considered eliminated if fewer than a specified number of NT deaths (prox...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268802008233
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both case-ascertained household studies, in which households are recruited after an 'index case' is identified, and household cohort studies, where a household is enrolled before the start of the epidemic, may be used to test and estimate the protective effect of interventions used to prevent influenza transmission. A...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268813001623
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The epidemic of type 2 diabetes in the United States prompted us to explore the association between diabetes and tuberculosis (TB) on the South Texas-Mexico border, in a large population of mostly non-hospitalized TB patients. We examined 6 years of retrospective data from all TB patients (n=5049) in South Texas and n...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268806006935
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty progesterone-treated TO mice were infected intravaginally with Mycoplasma pulmonis. One month later, ten of the mice were given oestradiol which changed the reproductive cycle to the oestrous phase and within a week resulted in eradication of the organisms from six of them; vaginal persistence in the other mice...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800047749
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Between January and March 1992, 361 faecal specimens were collected from the healthy black population in the Transvaal Province of South Africa. Each specimen was examined for the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in commensal bacteria. Volunteers, from both rural and urban dwellings, were divided into four age g...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800056922
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a prospective observational study 4,485 patients from 46 clinical centres in 17 European countries were followed between April 1994 and November 1996. Information on AIDS-defining events (ADEs) were collected together with basic demographic data, treatment history and laboratory results. The centres were divided in...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268802007719
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Between January 1994 and October 1997, we interviewed 2576 black in-patients with newly diagnosed cancer in Johannesburg and Soweto, South Africa. Blood was tested for HIV-1 and HHV-8 antibodies and the study was restricted to 2191 HIV-1 antibody-negative patients. We examined the relationship between infection with H...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268804002845
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::False-positive serological reactions (FPSR) due to infections with Yersinia enterocolitica serotype Oratio9 (YeOratio9) are a problem in tests for brucellosis. In the present study, FPSR in classical and novel tests for brucellosis following experimental infections of pigs with YeOratio9 were compared with responses o...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026880500511X
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the period 2000-2003, wild grey foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) in northern Colombia became infected with rabies. In order to derive phylogenetic relationships between rabies viruses isolated in foxes, dogs and humans in this region, 902 nt cDNA fragments containing the G-L intergenic region and encoding the c...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268805003699
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whole apples have not been previously implicated in outbreaks of foodborne bacterial illness. We investigated a nationwide listeriosis outbreak associated with caramel apples. We defined an outbreak-associated case as an infection with one or both of two outbreak strains of Listeria monocytogenes highly related by who...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816003083
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most influenza virus infections are associated with mild disease. One approach to estimate the occurrence of influenza virus infections in individuals is via repeated measurement of humoral antibody titres. We used baseline and convalescent antibody titres measured by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and viral neutra...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816000583
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a paucity of information on the risk from potable water in non-passenger merchant vessels (NPMVs) particularly with regard to Legionella and other bacteria. This retrospective study examined water samples from 550 NPMVs docked in eight UK ports. A total of 1027 samples from 412 NPMVs were examined for total a...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816002715
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis in humans worldwide. In the United States, widespread detection of antibodies to leptospirosis have been identified in feral swine (Sus scrofa) with the highest detection of serovars, Bratislava, Icterohaemorrhagiae, and Pomona. Over the past few years, feral swine populat...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816002247
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data from the first sentinel site (Waterloo Region, Ontario) of the Canadian Integrated Enteric Disease Surveillance System (C-EnterNet) were used in a secondary-based case-control study of laboratory-confirmed Cryptosporidium infections to study the role of various exposure factors. The incidence of cryptosporidiosis...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268809990197
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Equine influenza virus (EIV) causes a highly contagious respiratory disease in equids, with confirmed outbreaks in Europe, America, North Africa, and Asia. Although China, Mongolia, and Japan have reported equine influenza outbreaks, Korea has not. Since 2011, we have conducted a routine surveillance programme to dete...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026881300143X
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical information was collected on 722 cases of Listeria monocytogenes infections in humans occurring in Britain between 1967 and 1985. This series comprised 34% (248 cases) associated with pregnancy and 66% (474 cases) in non-pregnant adults and juveniles. The cases not associated with pregnancy comprised: 76% in ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800059355
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined stool specimens for viral pathogens from 50 children referred to hospital due to acute gastroenteritis (AGE) resulting from consuming drinking water contaminated with sewage in a Finnish community using PCR methods. Rotavirus was detected in 33 (66%), human calicivirus in 31 (62%), and both in 40% of cases...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268809991671
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seasonal peaks in both human campylobacter infections and poultry isolates have been observed in several European countries but remain unexplained. We compared weekly data on human campylobacter infections with thermophilic Campylobacter isolation rates from fresh, retail chicken samples (n = 514) purchased weekly in ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268804003188
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Public Health England conducts enhanced national surveillance of tetanus, a potentially life-threatening vaccine-preventable disease. A standardized questionnaire was used to ascertain clinical and demographic details of individuals reported with clinically suspected tetanus. The 96 cases identified between 2001 and 2...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026881600128X
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Between March and July 2003, 671 cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) were diagnosed in Taiwan with a total of 84 fatalities. After the epidemic, a serological survey was conducted involving the asymptomatic household contacts. Household contacts of 13 index patients were enrolled in the study. Contact hi...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268805004541
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::From 1971 to 2012, in New York State, years with human Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) were more strongly associated with the presence of Aedes canadensis, Coquillettidia perturbans and Culiseta melanura mosquitoes infected with the EEE virus (Fisher's exact test, one-sided P = 0.005, 0.03, 0.03) than with Culiseta ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268820000308
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage in a convenience sample of purposely selected populations of dogs, cats and horses in the Greater London area. Swabs from carriage sites were pooled, enriched and processed by standard bacteriological methods. The presence of...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026881000227X
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mu-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting chlamydia-specific IgM was developed by use of the heat stable, lipopolysaccharide group-specific antigen and an alkaline phosphatase-labelled anti-chlamydia group-specific monoclonal antibody conjugate. The test was used to study the serological res...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800054339
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological evidence suggests that monoclonal antibody type 2 positive (MAB 2+) Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (LP1) more often causes disease than do MAB 2- isolates, and there is evidence that MAB 2- LP1 grow less well in cells than do MAB 2+ bacteria. We tested the intracellular growth rates of ten randomly...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095026880005723x
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A high prevalence of hepatitis C (HCV) virus infection of up to 80% has been reported for injecting drug users (IDUs) in prison communities. However, there are only very limited data available on the prevalence and course of HCV in young offenders. We performed a study on hepatitis C markers in the largest German Youn...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268806006820
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae is a cause of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) worldwide and has been associated with IPD outbreaks, while carriage is rarely detected in healthy adults or children. This study details an Australian multi-state and territory outbreak of serotype 1 S. pneumoniae IPD between 2010 a...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268814000648
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The intradermal inoculation of four badgers with small numbers of Mycobacterium bovis resulted in localized lesions with ulceration which slowly healed by 5 months after inoculation. Lesions of generalized tuberculosis were seen in three badgers, one of which died at 17 months post-inoculation and in the remaining two...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800061859
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted a seroepidemiological study to evaluate the potential impact of mass varicella vaccination on the transmission of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in Italy, where vaccination is not mandatory. We tested 3179 serum samples, collected from September 1996 to October 1997, for specific anti-VZV antibodies using a...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268801005398
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A growing number of infectious pathogens are spreading among geographic regions. Some pathogens that were previously not considered to pose a general threat to human health have emerged at regional and global scales, such as Zika and Ebola Virus Disease. Other pathogens, such as yellow fever virus, were previously tho...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268818002881
更新日期:2018-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the occupational significance of tick-borne zoonoses we sought serological evidence of Lyme borreliosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) in a representative sample of farmworkers. Although around 20% reported ticks on their domestic and companion animals, few (...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268898001514
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00