Treatment of disorders characterized by reversible airway obstruction in childhood: are anti-cholinergic agents the answer?

Abstract:

:Release of acetylcholine from parasympathetic nerves in the airways activates postjunctional muscarinic receptors present on smooth muscle, submucosal glands and blood vessels. This triggers bronchoconstriction, muscle hypertrophy, mucus secretion, and vasodilatation, respectively. The release of acetylcholine from parasympathetic nerves in lungs is induced by a variety of stimuli and downregulated by the inhibitory activity of neuronal M2 muscarinic receptors via a feedback mechanism. Increased parasympathetic nerve activity occurs in a variety of airway diseases in childhood, including viral-induced wheeze and asthma. Common to these conditions are reversible airway obstruction, mucus hypersecretion, vasodilation and enhanced vascular permeability. In animal models of airway hyperreactivity similar findings of increased acetylcholine release resulting in enhanced supply of this neurotransmitter to the postjunctional smooth muscles, submucosal glands and airway vessels, were demonstrated. While the number and function of postjunctional muscarinic receptors in the airways are unchanged in such airway disorders, inhibitory activity on the parasympathetic nerves appears to be impaired. Specifically, M2 muscarinic receptor dysfunction has been demonstrated in models of bronchial hyperreactivity induced by a variety of triggers, including viruses, atmospheric pollutants and allergens. The mechanisms leading to impairment of neuronal M2 muscarinic receptor function and their putative relevance to the pathogenesis and the treatment of airway disease in childhood are described. Finally, the available data on the activity of ipratropium bromide, a short-acting anticholinergic drug, in the most common pediatric airway disease are reported and the possible therapeutic efficacy of tiotropium bromide, a more recently introduced long-acting, selective anticholinergic compound, is discussed.

journal_name

Curr Pharm Des

authors

Quizon A,Colin AA,Pelosi U,Rossi GA

doi

10.2174/1381612811209023061

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2012-01-01 00:00:00

pages

3061-85

issue

21

eissn

1381-6128

issn

1873-4286

pii

CPD-EPUB-20120503-007

journal_volume

18

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Global Effects of Early Life Stress on Neurons and Glial Cells.

    abstract::Early life stress is considered a risk factor for the development of many diseases in both adolescence and adulthood. It has been reported that chronic stress (for instance, due to maternal separation during breast feeding), causes damage to the central nervous system at the level of neurons and glial cells, which are...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612823666170224111641

    authors: Duenas Z,Caicedo-Mera JC,Torner L

    更新日期:2018-02-12 00:00:00

  • Somatostatin receptor ligands and their use in the treatment of endocrine disorders.

    abstract::Somatostatin is a tetradeca peptide hormone produced by many different endocrine cells throughout the body. It is also present in both the central and peripheral nervous system. The peptide has many different moods of action including inhibition of hormone secretion and influence on gastrointestinal motility. Somatost...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Janson ET,Oberg K

    更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00

  • Toll-like receptors in human infectious diseases.

    abstract::Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have emerged as critical players in immunity. They are capable of sensing organisms ranging from protozoa to bacteria, fungi or viruses upon detection of the pathogen as well as recognizing endogenous ligands, and triggering transduction pathways. Following activation of the innate immune sy...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161206778743493

    authors: de la Barrera S,Alemán M,Sasiain Mdel C

    更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00

  • Epicardial adipose tissue as new cardio-metabolic risk marker and potential therapeutic target in the metabolic syndrome.

    abstract::Increased visceral adiposity, is an emerging cardiovascular risk factor. There is now a compelling need to quantify visceral adipose tissue not only for diagnostic purposes, but also for therapeutic interventions with weight reduction drugs or pharmaceuticals targeted to adipose tissue, as well as anti-obesity medicat...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161207781039670

    authors: Iacobellis G,Sharma AM

    更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00

  • Food addiction and neuroimaging.

    abstract::Obesity has become a serious epidemic and one of the leading global health problems. However, much of the current debate has been fractious, and etiologies of obesity have been attributed to eating behavior (i.e. fast food consumption), personality, depression, addiction or genetics. One of the interesting new hypothe...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/138161211795656855

    authors: Zhang Y,von Deneen KM,Tian J,Gold MS,Liu Y

    更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00

  • The implications of human stem cell differentiation to endothelial cell via fluid shear stress in cardiovascular regenerative medicine: a review.

    abstract::Stem cell therapy heralds a new chapter in cardiovascular regenerative medicine. Cardiovascular implants are often used in both surgery and interventional cardiology. Cardiovascular stents are utilized in percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), and are classified as either bare metal stents (BMS) or drug-eluting st...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161210794455058

    authors: Tan A,Sumpio BE,Lee S,Seifalian AM

    更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00

  • Combined Treatment Fkt-Botulinum Toxin Type A (Btx-A) in Patients with Strumpell-Lorrain Disease.

    abstract::The Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis (HSP) or Strumpell-Lorrain disease is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease of the spinal cord. It is genetically transmitted and characterized by a progressive muscle weakness, spasticity of the lower limbs and awkward gain. There is no specific pharmacological treatment. The ph...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/1381612822666151204001830

    authors: Riccardo M,Angela L,Angela D,Vita P,Giulio L,Pietroq F,Giancarlo I,Marisa M

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Hyperpolarized Metabolic MR in the Study of Cardiac Function and Disease.

    abstract::Several diseases of the heart have been linked to an insufficient ability to generate enough energy (ATP) to sustain proper heart function. Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance (MR) is a novel technique that can visualize and quantify myocardial energy metabolism. Hyperpolarization enhances the MR signal from a biologica...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612820666140417113720

    authors: Lauritzen MH,Sogaard LV,Madsen PL,Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH

    更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00

  • Rationale for Ras and raf-kinase as a target for cancer therapeutics.

    abstract::Improvements in our understanding of the intrinsic aberrancies in cancer cells have enabled the design and development of novel therapeutics that specifically target these changes. Among the many complex cellular pathways and mechanisms which have been unveiled by new molecular techniques, RAS-mediated signal transduc...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612023393107

    authors: Nottage M,Siu LL

    更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00

  • Medium-term culture of normal human oral mucosa: a novel three-dimensional model to study the effectiveness of drugs administration.

    abstract::Tissue-engineered oral mucosal equivalents have been developed for in vitro studies for a few years now. However, the usefulness of currently available models is still limited by many factors, mainly the lack of a physiological extracellular matrix (ECM) and the use of cell populations that do not reflect the properly...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/138161212803307482

    authors: Bucchieri F,Fucarino A,Marino Gammazza A,Pitruzzella A,Marciano V,Paderni C,De Caro V,Siragusa MG,Lo Muzio L,Holgate ST,Davies DE,Farina F,Zummo G,Kudo Y,Giannola IL,Campisi G

    更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00

  • Recent Advances in Non-Invasive Delivery of Macromolecules using Nanoparticulate Carriers System.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The drug delivery of macromolecules such as proteins and peptides has become an important area of research and represents the fastest expanding share of the market for human medicines. The most common method for delivering macromolecules is parenterally. However parenteral administration of some therapeutic ...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612822666161026163201

    authors: Shadab M,Haque S,Sheshala R,Meng LW,Meka VS,Ali J

    更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00

  • Antibody-mediated endothelial cell damage via nitric oxide.

    abstract::Vascular disorders, resulting from endothelial cell dysfunction, may be caused by various stimuli, including infectious pathogens, cytotoxic reagents, and pathophysiological mechanisms mediated by immune responses. Endothelial cell dysfunction characterized by apoptosis and abnormal immune activation is, at least in p...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612043453469

    authors: Lin YS,Lin CF,Lei HY,Liu HS,Yeh TM,Chen SH,Liu CC

    更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00

  • The Application of Microfluidic Techniques on Tissue Engineering in Orthopaedics.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Tissue engineering (TE) is a promising solution for orthopaedic diseases such as bone or cartilage defects and bone metastasis. Cell culture in vitro and scaffold fabrication are two main parts of TE, but these two methods both have their own limitations. The static cell culture medium is unable to achieve m...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612825666190301142833

    authors: Wang L,Jiang D,Wang Q,Wang Q,Hu H,Jia W

    更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00

  • Supraventricular tachycardia in infants: epidemiology and clinical management.

    abstract::Supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs) are observed in 0,1-0,4% of the paediatric population and represent an important clinical problem with related significant health and social issues. Most tachycardias are paroxysmal, being associated with sudden onset and termination, and only a relatively small number of them is p...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161208784007761

    authors: Calabrò MP,Cerrito M,Luzza F,Oreto G

    更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00

  • Treating high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C): quantity versus quality.

    abstract::Low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) are independent risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD); decreasing LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels with statin therapy represents the primary goal in the management of cardiovascular disease. However, despite the efficacy of statins in reducing c...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/13816128113199990298

    authors: Pirillo A,Norata GD,Catapano AL

    更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00

  • The gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease.

    abstract::Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the two principal forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The root causes of these chronic and acute immunological disorders are unclear, but intestinal microorganisms are known to play a key role in the initiation and maintenance of disease. However, at present, there is ...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161209788168146

    authors: Macfarlane GT,Blackett KL,Nakayama T,Steed H,Macfarlane S

    更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00

  • Enhanced proinflammatory state and autoimmune activation: a breakthrough to understanding chronic diseases.

    abstract::Insight is provided herein into the novel mechanisms of cardiometabolic risk. Previous reports, including the epidemiological work of the Turkish Adult Risk Factor study, indicated that proinflammatory state and oxidative stress are crucial for evaluating cardiometabolic risk. Autoimmune pathways in the course of oxid...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161282004140213145551

    authors: Onat A,Can G

    更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00

  • Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptides derived from food proteins: biochemistry, bioactivity and production.

    abstract::Food proteins contain latent biofunctional peptide sequences within their primary structures which may have the ability to exert a physiological response in vivo. A large range of biofunctional peptides have been isolated from food proteins including opioid, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, mineral binding, growth and...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161207780363068

    authors: Murray BA,FitzGerald RJ

    更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00

  • Targeting IL-23 and Th17-cytokines in inflammatory bowel diseases.

    abstract::Over the last 15 years, the use of various biological therapies has largely improved the way we manage patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs). Blockade of cytokine synthesis and/or activity is at the forefront of this new era with the success of inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. These therapies ar...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161210794079164

    authors: De Nitto D,Sarra M,Cupi ML,Pallone F,Monteleone G

    更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00

  • An overview of the mechanisms of marine fungi-derived antiinflammatory and anti-tumor agents and their novel role in drug targeting.

    abstract::Marine fungi with their successful pharmacological effects were considered to be the treasure of ocean medicines concerning the striking ability of their secondary metabolites. Literature over literature has been published on fungi derived bioactive molecules to probe its therapeutic potential. Marine fungi have an im...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/1381612826666200728142244

    authors: Shams Ul Hassan S,Ishaq M,Zhang WD,Jin HZ

    更新日期:2020-07-28 00:00:00

  • Sodium-glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i): Their Role in Cardiometabolic Risk Management.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a novel category of oral antidiabetic drugs that inhibit renal glucose reabsorption and increase renal glucose excretion, thus lowering plasma glucose levels. This unique mechanism of SGLT2i action is insulin independent, thus improving glycemic control ...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612823666170113152742

    authors: Katsiki N,Mikhailidis DP,Theodorakis MJ

    更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00

  • Pharmacological, immunological, and gene targeting of the renin-angiotensin system for treatment of cardiovascular disease.

    abstract::Effective blood pressure control with a large arsenal of conventional antihypertensive drugs, such as diuretics, beta-adrenergic blockers, and calcium channel blockers, significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular disease. However, blood pressure control with these drugs does not red...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161207780618876

    authors: Igic R,Behnia R

    更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00

  • Metal ion leachates and the physico-chemical stability of biotherapeutic drug products.

    abstract::Metal ions that leach into biotherapeutic drug product solution during manufacturing and storage, result in contamination that can cause physico-chemical degradation of the active molecule. In this review, we describe various mechanisms by which metal ion leachates can interact with therapeutic proteins and antibodies...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/13816128113199990063

    authors: Kumar S,Zhou S,Singh SK

    更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00

  • The role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the treatment of dyslipidemias.

    abstract::Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are a family of lipids including some subgroups identified by the position of the last double bond in their structure. PUFA n-3 include alpha linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), while PUFA n-6 include linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic a...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/138161209789909773

    authors: Zuliani G,Galvani M,Leitersdorf E,Volpato S,Cavalieri M,Fellin R

    更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00

  • Cellular protection and therapeutic potential of tocotrienols.

    abstract::Tocotrienols, components belonging to vitamin E members, are used as potent therapeutics in the treatment of several diseases. Recent studies suggested tocotrienol to have better activity in many situations compared to tocopherols. Tocotrienols have been shown to lower the atherogenic apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein ...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161211796957436

    authors: Catalgol B,Batirel S,Ozer NK

    更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00

  • Novel Topical Nanocarriers for Treatment of Psoriasis: An Overview.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease of the skin with lapsing episodes of hyperkeratosis, irritation and inflammation. Numerous methodologies and utilization of different antipsoriatic drugs with various activity methods and routes of administration have been investigated to treat this terrifying sickness. In ...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612824666181102151507

    authors: Dadwal A,Mishra N,Narang RK

    更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00

  • Pharmacological interference with transcriptional control of osteoblasts: a possible role for leptin and fatty acids in maintaining bone strength and body lean mass.

    abstract::Osteoblasts pass through a sequence of events controlled by hormones and transcriptional factors ensuring proper development of phenotype and functional properties until the osteoblast enter the osteocyte phenotype and/or undergo apoptosis. During its life cycle, the osteoblasts proliferate, deposit matrix proteins an...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612013398167

    authors: Gordeladze JO,Reseland JE,Drevon CA

    更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00

  • Targeted drugs and nanomedicine: present and future.

    abstract::Packaging small-molecule drugs into nanoparticles improves their bio-availability, bio-compatibility and safety profiles. Multifunctional particles carrying large drug payloads for targeted transport, immune evasion and favourable drug release kinetics at the target site, require a certain minimum size usually 30-300 ...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161209787002870

    authors: Debbage P

    更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00

  • Mining the probiotic genome: advanced strategies, enhanced benefits, perceived obstacles.

    abstract::Recent advances in DNA sequencing has made it possible to accurately decipher the entire genetic complement of a probiotic bacterium. Increases in sequencing capabilities have been enhanced through improved computer software that can annotate, or identify, the majority of genes encoded by the sequence. The availabilit...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/1381612053382377

    authors: Callanan M

    更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00

  • Oncogenic microRNAs in the genesis of leukemia and lymphoma.

    abstract::Emerging evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) can act as oncogenes in the initiation and progression of leukemia and lymphoma. Aberrant expression of oncogenic miRNAs, including miR-155, miR-17-92, miR-21, miR-125b, miR-93, miR-143-p3, miR-196b, and miR-223 promotes leukemogenesis through increasing the leukemic...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612820666140128211724

    authors: Pan Y,Meng M,Zhang G,Han H,Zhou Q

    更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00