Abstract：
:Throwing arm injuries are common and often related to the shoulder external and internal rotation. Quantitative assessment may provide new insights to physical assessment and options for treatment. After having signed IRB approved consents and filled out injury questionnaires, 96 baseball pitchers were examined on both shoulders using a custom-made wireless device. The resistance onset angle (ROA), end-point angle (EPA), shoulder rotational flexibility (SRF) in both external and internal rotation, and rotational ranges of motion (ROM) of both shoulders were determined. About 34% of subjects had surgeries on their throwing arm. Another 15% of subjects had throwing arm injuries that did not require surgical treatments. The throwing arm had significantly lower internal ROA, EPA and SRF, but significantly higher external ROA, EPA and SRF than the non-throwing arm. There were significant differences in shoulder rotational properties among groups with different surgery locations. Subjects with shoulder surgeries had greater internal rotation flexibility of their throwing arm than those with surgeries on the elbow. Throwers with injury and surgery history had significantly different shoulder rotational properties. Abnormal shoulder rotational properties may be related to throwing arm injuries. A better understanding of their relationship may lead us to effective preventive measures of throwing arm injuries.
journal_name
Int J Sports Medjournal_title
International journal of sports medicineauthors
Zheng N,Eaton Kdoi
10.1055/s-0031-1295440subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-06-01 00:00:00pages
463-8issue
6eissn
0172-4622issn
1439-3964journal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:This study examined the effects of a pre-experimental period of arm exercise followed by a 24-h carbohydrate (CHO)-poor intake, intended to reduce initial hepatic glycogen levels, on substrate and endocrine responses during prolonged CHO-loaded leg exercise. Seven subjects pedaled a cycle ergometer for 60 min at 62% V...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-2008-1025897
更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study sought to determine the influence of 16 months of progressive aerobic exercise on excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) and the extent EPOC contributed to weight management. Twenty-five overweight/obese women and 16 overweight/obese men participated in a 16-month exercise program (moderate-intensity...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-965111
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Consumption of a high-fat meal (HFM) causes postprandial lipemia and vascular dysfunction. Acute resistance exercise (RE) alone may also have a negative effect on vascular function. The purpose of this study was to measure arterial stiffness and postprandial lipemia after a HFM with or without acute RE. 9 recreational...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-0033-1363266
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Measurement of skeletal muscle strength gains increasing importance as outcome parameter in patients with chronic heart failure. This study aimed at establishing short-term reliability of isokinetic strength measurements of knee extensor and flexor muscles in 38 patients with chronic heart failure. Strength tests were...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2001-11360
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to compare the physiological responses when the crank rate was chosen spontaneously (Ts) or set at +/- 10% (T-10%, T+10%) of the freely chosen rate, during two upper body exercises: i) a sub-maximal test (T(SUB)) in which intensities ranged from 50 to 80% (118.4 +/- 10.2 to 189.5 +/- 1...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-971124
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thirty-three untrained subjects of both sexes, 18-31 years of age, performed several tests on cycle ergometers. Maximal aerobic power (MAP) was obtained in a progressive work test. Maximal aerobic capacity (MAC) was measured in a 90-min maximal test and was computed as the total work output during that period. Two all...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2008-1025864
更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are ethical objections to inducing cumulative muscle damage and associated decrements of performance deliberately in a healthy athlete. Available data on acute and chronic over-exertion thus include the changes of immune response observed following a single bout of exhausting exercise, sequential observations ma...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1055/s-2007-971898
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The changes in selected muscle and blood metabolites - blood catecholamines, cyclic AMP, glucagon, growth hormone, insulin, and C-peptide--were measured in five male long-distance runners after moderate 90 min (4.3 min/km) and intense 45 min (3.3 min/km) of continuous running exercises. After the 45-min exercise, the ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2008-1025851
更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bike shock absorption systems reduce the energy variation induced by terrain irregularities, leading to a greater comfort. However, they may also induce an increase in energy expenditure for the rider. More specifically, cross-country racers claim that rear shock absorption systems generate significant energy loss. Th...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2001-16242
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The availability of O2 in the human vastus lateralis muscle has been investigated with non-invasive near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) using a commercially available unit (RunMan, NIM Inc. Philadelphia). The measuring probe placed above the skin illuminates the underlying tissue and measures the reflected light at two ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1024625
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:To define the respective roles of the periphery and central oxygen transport in the exercise limitation of heart transplanted patients (HTR), we compared 11 HTR (15.1 +/- 10.8 months after transplantation) to six age and weight matched normal controls (C), during an incremental exercise test (30 W/3 min step...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-972847
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated the relationship between sports participation/physical activity during youth (13 - 18 years of age) and adulthood (30 - 40 years of age), and cardiovascular risk factors (body fat and fat distribution, blood pressure, lipoprotein levels and cardiorespiratory fitness) at 40 years of age. Subject...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2002-28459
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carbon monoxide (CO) rebreathing procedures are used to assess hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) but recent evidence suggests that CO is a signaling molecule that may alter physiological functions. We examined the effects of 10 days of intermittent, low-dose CO inhalation on Hbmass, aerobic performance predictors, and peak-pow...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-0042-108197
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine the acute influence of pedaling cadence on arterial stiffness in young men, 15 healthy men (21.8±0.4 years) underwent 3 trials in self-control crossover design: non-cycling control (CON), cycling at 60 (RPM60) and 90 rounds per min (RPM90). Cycling lasted 30 min at intensity of 35% heart rate reserve. Arter...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/a-0753-5008
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The major objective in this study was a comparison of the motor performance of young male smokers and non-smokers. We tested the endurance capacity, maximal isometric strength, speed of whole-body movements, flexibility and balancing ability of 74 smokers and 118 non-smokers. Then we measured the balancing ability, th...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1021048
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P-MRS) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provide methods for measuring spinal muscle function non-invasively, their reliability is not established. The aim of this study was assess the reliability (ICC) and error magnitude (CV%) of measurements of muscle phosp...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0034-1372639
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding the etiology of factors influencing bone mineral density (BMD) in Hispanic women for the prevention of osteoporosis was the aim of this investigation. Whole body BMD (WBBMD) of 39 Hispanic, premenopausal women aged 22 - 51 years was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Maximal aerobic c...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2004-815839
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of recovery mode (Active [AR] vs. Passive [PR]) on plasma catecholamine (Adrenaline [A] and Noradrenaline [NA]) responses to maximal exercise (Exemax) was studied during interval training (IT). 24 male subjects (21.1±1.1 years) were randomly assigned to a control group (CG, n=6), AR training group (ARG, n=9...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-0032-1327697
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study was performed on healthy volunteers subjected to submaximal physical exercise (75% VO2max). Activities of catalase (CT) (EC 1.11.1.6), glutathione peroxidase (GPO) (EC 1.11.1.9), superoxide dismutase (ZnCu-SOD) (EC 1.15.1.1) and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) concentration in blood platelets before and after physic...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1024655
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine the effects of widely varying amounts of cushioning upon vertical force (VF) parameters, ten male subjects, (mean weight = 68.0 kg) ran at a speed of 4.5 m . s-1 (6 min/mile pace) and contacted a Kistler force platform. Two shoes were tested: a hard one and a softer shoe that had 50% more cushioning as me...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2008-1026043
更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to determine the effects of an 8-week (aerobic+strength) exercise training program (3 sessions/week) on the circulating cytokine levels of breast cancer survivors. We randomly allocated 16 female survivors of breast cancer (mean±SD age: 50±5 years) to an intervention...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-0031-1271697
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We used continuous electrocardiographic monitoring according to Holter's method for a tentative evaluation of the prognostic value of the main electrocardiographic peculiarities of the "athlete's heart". Five hundred and eighty-seven Holter recordings were performed in 164 top athletes divided into three groups: dynam...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1024674
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Orthostatic tolerance is impaired following an acute bout of exercise. This study examined the effect of fluid ingestion following treadmill exercise in restoring the cardiovascular responses to an orthostatic stress. Five men (age, 29.6 +/- 3.4 yrs) were exposed to a graded lower body negative (LBNP) pressure protoco...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-972615
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study compared breathing frequency (fB) during a ventilation threshold (VT) test with fB during a simulated 40 km time trial (40TT) to assess whether fB can be used to monitor exercise intensity. Twenty-six male cyclists (mean +/- SD VO2max = 4.42 +/- 0274 l.min-1) performed an incremental VT ergometer test and a...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-973001
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A prospective study of acute injuries from sports and physical exercise was carried out during 1 year in a total population of a municipality with 31,620 inhabitants. Data on exposure were collected: the number of participants in each sport, the hours of participation, and number of weeks in the season per year. The n...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1025052
更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiac vagal tone (CVT), a key determinant of resting heart rate (HR), is progressively withdrawn with incremental exercise and nearly abolished at maximal effort. While maximal HR decreases with age, there remains a large interindividual variability of results for any given age. In the present study, we hypothesized...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0032-1323818
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined the validity of 2 kinematic systems for estimating force and power during squat jumps. 12 weight-trained males each performed single repetition squat jumps with a 20-kg, 40-kg, 60-kg and 80-kg load on a Kistler portable force plate. A commercial linear position transducer (Gymaware [GYM]) and accel...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0030-1270487
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to assess the changes in the cellular immune system, 27 healthy male subjects were selected who participate in leisure-time sports and in whom measurements of the lymphocyte subsets in venous blood were carried out before and after a standardized endurance exercise test (EI, 60 minutes in length, intensity: 6...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1024777
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this research was to study the effect of hand paddles on the pitch, the sweepback angles and other stroke kinematic characteristics of the hand during front crawl swimming. Ten female competitive swimmers swam without and with small (116 cm (2)) and large (268 cm (2)) paddles. Four cameras (60 Hz) were used...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-965570
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fourteen male physical education students performed a single bout of running until exhaustion on the treadmill at 22 km/h and 7.5% slope. They received single oral doses of 100 mg bupranolol (nonselective beta-blockade), 100 mg metoprolol (beta-1-selective blockade), and placebo 60-90 min before running. Arterialized ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-2008-1026050
更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00
