Abstract:
:The pharmacologic treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) differs from that of asthma in several respects. Oral therapy should be the keystone, using a long-acting theophylline or a beta 2-sympathomimetic agent. The addition of a metered dose inhalant aerosol provides additive benefit with low toxicity; either a sympathomimetic agent or ipratropium or both should be used. The antiinflammatory aerosols, cromolyn, and steroid drugs are usually of no value, and oral steroids are only indicated if there is an asthmatic component. Mucokinetic agents and antibiotics should be used selectively. The numerous other drugs that may be required by a COPD patient must be prescribed with consideration to the potential for adverse physiologic effects and untoward drug interactions.
journal_name
Clin Chest Medjournal_title
Clinics in chest medicineauthors
Ziment Isubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-09-01 00:00:00pages
461-86issue
3eissn
0272-5231issn
1557-8216journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Blood gas analyses are an essential part of modern patient care. Although all blood gas instruments have pH, PCO2, and PO2 electrodes based on the same principles, instruments in current use vary greatly in design, operator dependence, and accuracy. For the clinician to obtain accurate and timely results there must be...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Massive hemoptysis accounts for a minority of all patients with hemoptysis but poses a major challenge for the acute and long-term treatment. Massive hemoptysis can lead to asphyxiation and airway obstruction, shock, and exsanguination. Bronchoscopy plays an integral part in managing massive hemoptysis in diagnosis an...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70129-5
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A poor therapeutic response may be explained by incomplete or erroneous diagnostic assessment, by failure to employ optimal drug doses and combinations, or by inadequate attention to the non-pharmacologic aspects of management. Poor compliance and counterproductive patient attitudes may need to be addressed. These pro...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many pathologists and pulmonologists have trained and practiced in an era during which therapeutic options for patients have increased manyfold with regard to pharmacologic agents. Toxicity to the lung may be recognized as data accumulate in the form of case reports and clinical reviews to document the clinical and pa...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stents are used for palliation of symptoms of central airway obstruction caused by either malignant or benign conditions. Stents may be applied for maintaining airway patency after dilatation of postinflammatory and infectious strictures, for airway dehiscence after lung transplantation, and for the management of trac...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2009.08.002
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pathogenic importance of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in AIDS-associated pneumonitis is controversial. Uncertainty regarding the significance of CMV isolation from pulmonary secretions of AIDS patients results in part from the difficulty in distinguishing CMV infection from CMV disease and from the high frequen...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endobronchial ablative therapies, such as mechanical debulking, laser therapy, electrocautery, argon plasma coagulation, cryotherapy, brachytherapy, photodynamic therapy, microdebrider bronchoscopy, resector balloon deobstruction, and intratumoral chemotherapy, are performed through a rigid or flexible bronchoscope in...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2017.11.008
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most gravidas with asthma can be managed with an inhaled beta-adrenergic agonist (terbutaline or epinephrine) and beclomethasone dipropionate. The administration of prednisone to control exacerbation of asthma is appropriate and should not be withheld if current medications are inadequate. The outcome of pregnancy in ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary hypertension is a frequently encountered problem in older patients. True idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension can also be seen and requires careful exclusion in older patients. Institution of therapies must be tempered with an appreciation of individual comorbidities and functional limitations that may...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2007.08.006
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article assesses the role of pharmacotherapy in the management of respiratory muscle dysfunction. It focuses on two classes of drugs, the methylxanthines and the sympathomimetic agents. A prospective section focuses also on the particularities of the diaphragm among the skeletal striated muscles. In addition, a n...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given that poor asthma management leads to such devastating rates of morbidity and mortality in this country, efforts must be made to increase the knowledge, skills, and behaviors of persons with asthma. The suggestions and recommendations provided here represent a blend of academic opinion and practical advice on met...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is one of the few forms of pulmonary hypertension that is surgically curable. It is likely underdiagnosed and must be considered in every patient presenting with pulmonary hypertension to avoid missing the opportunity to cure these patients. This article discusses the epid...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2010.07.006
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polymerase chain reaction-based diagnosis has become the standard for viral pneumonia and other respiratory tract infections. Expansion of respiratory viral panels (RVPs) outside of influenza and, possibly, respiratory syncytial virus has led to the ability to diagnose viral infections for which no approved specific a...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2016.11.003
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors' data show a higher rate of pleural and meningeal involvement among extrapulmonary TB cases than expected by previous works. Special attention should be given to tuberculous meningitis cases among all extrapulmonary TB cases because of its high mortality rate. The most common extrapulmonary involvement is ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(02)00002-3
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sjögren's syndrome is one of the most common systemic rheumatic diseases. Pulmonary disease is prevalent in Sjögren's syndrome; respiratory manifestations include chronic cough, obstructive airways disease, pulmonary lymphoma, and interstitial lung disease that may progress to severe pulmonary fibrosis. ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70110-6
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The features characterizing pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae are described. Typical cases, along with chest radiographs of laboratory-documented cases, are presented. ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Complications of tracheotomy are largely preventable. Although some authors cite these complications as indications for prolonged endotracheal intubation to avoid tracheotomy, others believe that the laryngotracheal complications of prolonged endotracheal intubation warrant early tracheotomy. Obviously, unnecessary tr...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent advances in our understanding of breathing in sleep include an evolution in the selection and surgical therapy of patients with the sleep apnea syndrome. Recent work suggests that shorter polysomnographic studies may be adequate for diagnostic purposes in many sleep apnea patients. It is now clear that cent...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medications can significantly increase weight loss compared with placebo in most trials. In general, patients can expect a weight loss of 8% to 10% from baseline provided they adhere to the weight-loss program and take medications regularly. All medications have side effects that need to be considered before initiatin...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2009.05.014
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Early detection and surgical resection are essential for the treatment of lung cancer. It would be ideal to be able to detect and treat preinvasive bronchial lesions, defined as dysplasia and carcinoma in situ before progressing to invasive cancer. Advanced airway-assessment techniques have opened an avenue for early ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2013.04.005
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article focuses primarily on the recent literature on abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) and the definitions and recommendations published by the World Society for the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome. The definitions regarding increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) are listed and are followed by an overview of...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2008.09.003
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors attempt to demonstrate those circumstances for which perfusion scintigraphy, by itself, or in combination with ventilation scintiscanning, offers the best adjunctive information in excluding or confirming the presence of pulmonary embolism. They then identify those circumstances in which scintiscanning doe...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sleep-related breathing disorders are strongly associated with increased risk of stroke independent of known risk factors. The direction of causation favors sleep-disordered breathing leading to stroke rather than the other way around, although definitive proof of this awaits the results of prospective cohort studies....
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(03)00027-3
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This heterogeneous group of immunologic causes of pleural effusions includes connective tissue diseases, a syndrome related to tissue injury (postcardiac injury syndrome), a disease of unknown etiology (sarcoidosis), a malignancy, and adverse reactions to drugs. Except in rheumatoid pleurisy and lupus pleuritis, the p...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemodynamic monitoring is a diagnostic tool. Because hemodynamic monitoring often requires invasive procedures, it can be associated with an increased incidence of untoward events. Like any diagnostic tool, its ability to improve outcome will be primarily related to the survival benefit enjoyed by specific therapies t...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(03)00095-9
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) represents a group of immunologically mediated lung disorders provoked by recurrent exposure to various environmental agents. HP is multifaceted and may mimic almost any interstitial lung disease, some infectious diseases,and even bronchiolar disorders. In the absence of a diagnostic ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2004.04.001
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are important emerging cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogens, with estimates of prevalence ranging from 6% to 13%. Diagnosis of NTM disease in patients with CF is challenging, as the infection may remain indolent in some, without evidence of clinical consequence, whereas other patients suffe...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2015.11.001
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Illicit drug users comprise a substantial and growing proportion of the HIV-infected population. Although they develop pulmonary complications common to all HIV transmission groups, they also have unique respiratory illnesses due to the direct effect of the illicit drugs on the lung. Bacterial infections, tuberculosis...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70348-8
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Selected occupational populations are at the highest risk of lung cancer, because they smoke at increased rates and are concurrently exposed to workplace lung carcinogens. Low-dose computed tomography (CT)-based lung cancer screening has an enormous potential to reduce lung cancer mortality in these populations, as sh...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2020.08.016
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bronchodilator therapy with adrenergic agonists in asthma is discussed and the therapeutic efficacy and side effects of various routes of administration of beta agonists are compared. The aerosol administration, the most effective route, is described in detail as to the optimal technique of administration, to the vari...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00