Abstract：
:A comparison of single-agent antimicrobial therapy in the treatment of patients with perforated or gangrenous appendicitis and peritonitis was performed in a double-blind, randomized, prospective trial. Pathologic documentation of advanced appendicitis and positive intraoperative specimen cultures were required for inclusion in the study. Ceftizoxime (2 gm every 12 hours) and cefoxitin (2 gm every six hours) were compared. There were no significant differences between the treatment groups. Ninety-seven percent of patients treated with ceftizoxime and 89% of those treated with cefoxitin were cured or improved; there was no mortality in either group. By the use of optimal sampling, transport, and culture techniques, the number and diversity of bacteria recovered from these patients with advanced appendicitis were found to be much larger than previously suspected. Peritoneal fluid, abscess contents (if present), and appendiceal tissue (obtained so as to exclude the lumen) were cultured from all patients. An average number of 3.1 aerobic or facultative bacteria species and 8.5 anaerobic species were isolated from each specimen. Twenty-eight different genera and more than 55 species were encountered, including a previously undescribed fastidious gram-negative anaerobic bacillus. Bacteroides fragilis group and Escherichia coli were isolated from almost all specimens, and within the B fragilis group, eight species were represented. The recovery of such an unexpectedly large and diverse flora may be the reason for the therapeutic failures in these patients. We conclude that single-agent antimicrobial therapy in patients with advanced appendicitis and peritonitis is both safe and effective, and, with ceftizoxime, can be accomplished by a twice-daily dosing regimen.
journal_name
Clin Therjournal_title
Clinical therapeuticsauthors
Bennion RS,Thompson JE,Baron EJ,Finegold SMsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-01-01 00:00:00pages
31-44eissn
0149-2918issn
1879-114Xjournal_volume
12 Suppl Cpub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract：BACKGROUND:Treatment of infections caused by gram-negative bacilli is increasingly challenging because of emerging resistance. Current surveillance data are informative, but may not discern differences by infection site and clinical setting, and do not incorporate pharmacodynamic (PD) characteristics when determining s...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.11.021
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of treatment with epalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, on peripheral neuropathy were studied in 45 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Epalrestat 150 mg three times daily was given for 24 weeks. Subjective symptoms, such as spontaneous pain in the lower extremities and numb...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0149-2918(95)80111-1
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of tablet splitting of psychotropic drugs in a population of older adults with a diagnosis of dementia. METHODS:This retrospective, cross-sectional study examined a sample of geriatric outpatients seen at a public center specializing in the care of elderl...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.08.015
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Antidepressants have been commonly used by women of childbearing age. Recent studies suggest that paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), might specifically increase teratogenic risk. OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to quantify first-trimester exposure to paroxetine and birth d...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.05.003
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:On February 3, 2006, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a live, oral, pentavalent (G1-G4, P1[8]) human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine for the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) in infants in the United States. The Advisory Committee of Immunization Practices of the Centers f...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.12.018
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Mexican Americans, the fastest growing ethnic group in the United States, have a 2- to 3-fold higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus relative to the non-Hispanic white population. It is estimated that 10% of Mexican Americans >or=20 years of age have diabetes. OBJECTIVE:The goal of this study was to ...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0149-2918(03)90025-7
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In the past decade, health insurers have increased their reliance on cost control policies such as prior authorization and 3-tier formularies. Little is known about how these policies are being applied to psychotropic medications, many of which have low rates of patient adherence. OBJECTIVE:This study repor...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.02.011
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Forty patients with symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis were treated with daily injections of 100 micrograms of human leukocyte interferon or saline placebo. Twenty patients received the interferon for nine weeks and were then switched to placebo for nine weeks, and 20 patients were started on placebo and were then switc...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This analysis compared the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib with biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in patients with RA and a prior inadequate response (IR) to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi). ME...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.11.004
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Plasma concentrations of cloxacillin have been found to vary as much as 20-fold among individuals receiving the same oral dose. There is evidence that cloxacillin may be a substrate for P-glycoprotein, suggesting that polymorphisms in the ABCB1 gene may be a contributing factor to the observed variability in...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.05.014
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to describe the pharmacokinetics of 3 different single doses of fulvestrant-a new estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist that downregulates the ER with no known agonist effects-administered as a prolonged-release IM formulation. METHODS:Pharmacokinetic data were obtained in a randomized,...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0149-2918(03)80131-5
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The medical records for 174 patients who underwent cholecystectomy (n = 52) or hip/knee replacement (n = 122) at four community-based medical centers were retrospectively reviewed to determine if using a nonnarcotic alternative to morphine sulfate and/or meperidine as a primary postoperative analgesic could reduce res...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thirty children with serious gram-negative infections were treated with either netilmicin, 2 mg/kg, or tobramycin, 1 mg/kg, every eight hours for a minimum of 72 hours. Because of the administration of different doses, a "blind" investigator evaluated treatment response while another investigator adjusted the doses on...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Tapentadol hydrochloride is a centrally acting oral analgesic approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in November 2008 for the treatment of moderate to severe acute pain. It is available as immediate-release 50-, 75-, and 100-mg tablets. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this article is to review animal stud...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.12.003
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Optimal treatment regimens for infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Enterobacteriaceae are not well-defined. OBJECTIVES:This study describes the treatment and outcomes in patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by KPC-producing Enterobacteriaceae. METHODS:This...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2012.05.002
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) not achieving hemoglobin (Hb) A1c targets may progress from an oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) to added basal insulin and then to multiple daily injections of basal-bolus insulin (MDI); however, the relative clinical and economic burden experienced by patients presc...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.12.014
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men worldwide. In the past 10 years in Iran, prostate cancer has increased and become more common among hormone-related cancers. As the percentage of seniors in the population increases, the economic burden of this cancer will likely increase significantly....
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.11.001
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The continuing increase in the rate of penicillin and cephalosporin resistance among respiratory pathogens and of cross-resistance to macrolide antibiotics has led to the recommendation that fluoroquinolone antibiotics be used to treat high-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and acute bact...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0149-2918(00)89007-4
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a multicenter, parallel-group, double-masked, randomized study, two questionnaires were administered to a clinical study population to identify which specific symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis patients perceived as most important to relieve (personal preferences) and to learn whether any relationship existed b...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/S0149-2918(00)88284-3
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that disproportionately affects women during their childbearing years. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in this patient population at an age when women often have low cardiovascular risk. Hypertension is a ma...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.07.021
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Amlodipine is a third-generation dihydropyridine calcium antagonist for the treatment of angina and hypertension. The relative bioavailability of a newly developed dispersible tablet as compared with an established branded formulation has not been reported in a Chinese population. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this ...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.04.013
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Numerous studies have explored dietary-management strategies for decreasing leukotriene synthesis by inflammatory cells through supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids such as gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). OBJECTIVES:This study sought to determine the optimal daily int...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0149-2918(03)80116-9
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening disease that typically causes shortness of breath and exercise intolerance. Combination therapy with ambrisentan and tadalafil has proven to be more effective at preventing clinical failure events in patients with PAH than either drug alone. The aim of...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.04.007
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The goal of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) over 12 months in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) who switched from glatiramer acetate (GA) to delayed-release dimethyl fumarate (DMF) 240 mg BID after suboptimal response to GA in real-world clinical ...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.10.011
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Interferon injectables and glatiramer acetate have served as the primary disease-modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS) since their introduction in the 1990s and are first-line treatments for relapsing-remitting forms of MS (RRMS). Many new drug therapies were launched since early 2010, expanding the ...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.03.001
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Eperisone hydrochloride, a centrally acting muscle relaxant, is a calcium antagonist that causes vasodilation and antispastic actions. Aceclofenac, an anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic drug, has similar efficacy and improved gastrointestinal tolerance compared with other nonsteroidal anti-inflammat...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.08.012
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The goal of this study was to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of mepolizumab in patients with the most severe eosinophilic asthma. METHODS:This multicenter, open-label, long-term, Phase IIIb study (COSMEX [COSMOS Extension]; 201312/NCT02135692) enrolled patients from the 52-week, open-label extension ...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.07.007
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The in vitro activity of Ro 09-1428, a new parenteral cephalosporin, was compared with that of other beta-lactams and aminoglycosides in 1230 clinical isolates from 1028 consecutive patients. Using an agar dilution method, the drugs were tested against 625 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, 68 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 36 ...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Sialorrhea, or drooling, is seen in the pediatric population, especially in patients with cerebral palsy and other neurodevelopmental disabilities. If medication use is warranted, anticholinergic agents are the drug of choice; however, adverse effects limit their use. Glycopyrrolate, a synthetic anticholiner...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2012.02.026
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nicardipine hydrochloride is the first intravenous dihydropyridine calcium antagonist to become available in the United States. Its chemical structure makes it unique among its drug class and confers clinically useful properties for the treatment of acute cardiovascular conditions, such as ischemia, hypertension, cong...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
