Abstract:
:The human large intestine harbors a complex microbiota containing many hundreds of different bacterial species. Although structure/function relationships between different components of the microbiota are unclear, this complex multicellular entity plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis in the body. Many of the physiologic properties of the microbiota can be attributed to fermentation and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly acetate, propionate, and butyrate. In healthy people, fermentation processes are largely controlled by the amounts and different types of substrate, particularly complex carbohydrates that are accessible to bacteria in the colonic ecosystem. However, other factors impact on bacterial metabolism in the large gut, including large bowel transit time, the availability of inorganic terminal electron acceptors, such as nitrate and sulfate, and gut pH. They all affect the types and levels of SCFA that can be formed by the microbiota. This is important because to a large extent, acetate, propionate, and butyrate have varying physiologic effects in different body tissues. Prebiotics such as galactooligosaccharides together with inulins and their fructooligosaccharide derivatives have been shown to modify the species composition of the colonic microbiota, and in various degrees, to manifest several health-promoting properties related to enhanced mineral absorption, laxation, potential anticancer properties, lipid metabolism, and anti-inflammatory and other immune effects, including atopic disease. Many of these phenomena can be linked to their digestion and SCFA production by bacteria in the large gut.
journal_name
J Clin Gastroenteroljournal_title
Journal of clinical gastroenterologyauthors
Macfarlane GT,Macfarlane Sdoi
10.1097/MCG.0b013e31822fecfesubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-11-01 00:00:00pages
S120-7eissn
0192-0790issn
1539-2031pii
00004836-201111001-00007journal_volume
45 Supplpub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) reduces nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients. The primary objectives of our investigation were to determine if CPAP could reduce reflux in non-OSAS patients and, if so, by what mechanism. Esophageal pH was monitored...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004836-199312000-00002
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Between 1984 and 1992, 14 cases of "secondary" achalasia were diagnosed at our institution, five due to malignancy and nine as a result of esophageal or paraesophageal surgery. Preoperative manometry had excluded preexistent achalasia in eight of nine of the latter patients. Dysphagia developed immediately postoperati...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004836-199503000-00004
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We approached the early diagnosis of gastric infiltrating carcinoma, scirrhous cancer, by a retrospective study of 19 patients, together with a prospective study of a single patient, by reexamination and follow-up of gastric roentgenographs and endoscopic films. This study suggests that an early feature of this type o...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004836-198103000-00004
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIM:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease. The objective of this study was to describe the recent trend of health care resource utilization and short-term mortality of Medicare beneficiaries with NAFLD. METHODS:This study utilized data from a ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000000071
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 41-year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (CD4 count, 446/mm3) developed a protracted course of abdominal pain, weight loss, and increasing liver function tests after undergoing a metronidazole treatment regimen for Giardia enteritis. Three months later, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP) sho...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004836-200108000-00018
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this paper (presented in Rome, Italy, at the 2nd Congress of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and New Food, September 7-9, 2003) was to provide an objective view of the regulatory trends at the European level specifically referring to probiotics, because until now they have never been directly mentioned nor official...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.mcg.0000128733.79515.c4
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although of unproven benefit for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), thiazolidinediones (TZDs) have emerged as a promising therapy. Little evidence exists, however, regarding sustained effects of TZDs in NASH after drug discontinuation. A recent clinical study suggests that relapse of NASH pathophysiology i...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MCG.0b013e31818f4fc2
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gastric cytoprotection in response to different agents (prostaglandins, carotenoids, etc.) failed to occur after surgical vagotomy. Decreased gastric emptying and the increased vascular permeability were tested in ethanol-treated rats without and with bilateral surgical vagotomy. The experiments were carried out on Sp...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004836-199206001-00025
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antacids have been used as remedies for benign gastroduodenal disorders for centuries. They were regarded to be effective in relieving gastric pain and symptoms of hyperacidity and in promoting ulcer healing. The effectiveness was based on empiric observations and was not derived from the controlled clinical trials da...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1097/00004836-199112001-00022
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The direct effects of exogenous and endogenous prostaglandins (PGs) on damage to isolated gastric cells caused by ethanol were assessed in rats. 16,16-Dimethyl-PGE2 (dmPGE2) significantly inhibited cellular damage caused by 15% ethanol in three fractions rich in surface epithelial cells, rich in parietal cells, and ri...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004836-198812001-00007
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) based on subjective evaluation of symptoms alone is challenging. GOALS:To test the validity and reliability of a graded response questionnaire to identify patients with GERD. STUDY:Patients presenting with upper abdominal symptoms for more than a month, a...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MCG.0b013e3180653613
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eosinophilic esophagitis is a recently described disease characterized by the presence of upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms in association with a dense esophageal eosinophilic infiltrate. The awareness and interest of physicians and researchers in this disease has been increasing as reflected by the number of publ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCG.0b013e318211f95b
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a 29-year-old woman with a 20-year history of Crohn's disease and neutropenia. Because of repeated complications of Crohn's disease, she has undergone three intestinal resections and also has had recurrent skin abscesses, sinusitis, and pneumonia. Persistent neutropenia has been noted throughout the course o...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004836-199106000-00016
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We review acid rebound, the seemingly paradoxical increase in acid secretion resulting from administration of an antacid. Primarily a laboratory observation, the demonstration of the phenomenon was a major contributing factor to the swift, and possibly unjustified, fall from grace of calcium carbonate in the therapy o...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验,评审
doi:10.1097/00004836-199207000-00010
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 39-year-old man had a 2-year history of fatigue, weight loss, drug-resistant ascites, and decreased intestinal motility. During adolescence he began to suffer frequent episodes of acute benign peritonitis that spontaneously subsided at age 35. The fact that his younger brother was taking colchicine for the same symp...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00004836-199706000-00023
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although the diagnostic process in celiac disease (CeD) has been addressed in several international guidelines, little is known about the actual proceeding in current clinical practice. This study investigated the initial presentation, the diagnostic process, follow-up evaluations, and adherence to a gluten-...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000000676
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty consecutive patients with unresectable, locally advanced pancreatic cancer were treated with split courses of radiotherapy (RT) and simultaneous multidrug chemotherapy consisting of 5 fluorouracil, continuous infusion, streptozotocin, and cisplatin. A separate, retrospective study identified a group of 28 conte...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004836-199304000-00006
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatitis C RNA testing has been used extensively to assess the efficacy of antiviral therapy and has increasingly become an integral part of clinical management of patients with chronic hepatitis C. A variety of commercially available hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA tests are used to detect HCV RNA qualitatively or quant...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004836-200107000-00011
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a Chinese family with hereditary pancreatitis, two members are proven to have chronic pancreatitis. The propositus, a 31-year-old man, had epigastric pain since the age of 18. Multiple calcifications in the region of the pancreas were seen on plain film of the abdomen, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and endo...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004836-199002000-00021
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The clinical effect of probiotics on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is still controversial. AIMS:We aimed to evaluate the effects of a probiotic mixture on IBS symptoms and the composition of fecal microbiota in patients with diarrhea-dominant IBS (D-IBS). METHODS:Fifty patients with D-IBS were randomized ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/MCG.0b013e31823712b1
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Probiotics are investigated as single-strain and multistrain products. In the market, however, there is an increasing tendency to work with multistrain probiotics, in particular, products with a high number of different strains. There are some thoughts behind this: more strains imply more chances of success; it can me...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000001052
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Technetium-99m-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-galactosyl-human serum albumin (Tc-GSA) is a receptor binding agent, specific for asialoglycoprotein receptor, that resides exclusively on the plasma membrane of mammalian hepatocytes. The usefulness of Tc-GSA for estimating the hepatic functional reserve was retrospec...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004836-199906000-00009
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The prevalence of duodenal ulcer (DU) has been considered high in patients with chronic pancreatitis; however, its pathogenesis is unclear. We hypothesized that Helicobacter pylori infection plays the major pathogenetic role. STUDY:One hundred seven cases (97 men, 10 women) of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004836-200207000-00015
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Esophageal manometry is a specialized procedure used to evaluate lower and upper esophageal sphincter pressure, esophageal body contraction amplitude, and peristaltic sequence. The procedure is clinically useful in evaluation of a patient with nonstructural dysphagia, unexplained or noncardiac chest pain, a compendium...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCG.0b013e3181653a5c
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is a novel imaging technique used for noninvasive work-up of patients with pancreaticobiliary disease. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography is useful in the evaluation of a host of pancreaticobiliary disorders, such as congenital disorders, calculus disease, bi...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00004836-200111000-00004
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:GOAL:The purpose of this study was to characterize outcomes of esophagorespiratory fistulas (ERF) by etiology and initial treatment strategy. BACKGROUND:ERF is a morbid condition for which optimal treatment strategies and outcomes are still in evolution. STUDY:Medical records and images were reviewed for all patients...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000000751
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 35-year-old man developed leg edema, marked hypoalbuminemia, and proteinuria. Subsequent renal biopsy revealed a diffuse membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and, on electron microscopy, typical electron-dense deposits characteristic of an immune complex pathogenesis. Although protein wasting might have readily ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004836-198604000-00016
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with recently healed duodenal ulcers were enrolled at 14 participating centers in a 12-month study comparing the effectiveness of ranitidine and cimetidine, two H2-receptor blockers, for maintenance therapy. Patients were randomly assigned to take bedtime doses of 150 mg of ranitidine (n = 60) or 400 mg of ci...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00004836-198512000-00008
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Copper deficiency is an uncommonly reported complication of celiac disease that has not received much attention in recent years. Copper deficiency may result in anemia and thrombocytopenia and also irreversible myeloneuropathy if it is not detected and treated appropriately. The prevalence of copper deficiency in pati...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MCG.0b013e3181354294
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Forty-five patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) underwent a cross-sectional study to evaluate intestinal secretory immunity. Peroral jejunal biopsy with histologic and immunohistochemical assessment of the mucosa were carried out in the patients and in 12 healthy volunteers. It was observed that an altered...
journal_title:Journal of clinical gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004836-200001000-00009
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00