Abstract:
:The hyperglycemic emergencies, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) are potentially fatal complications of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. The incidence of DKA and the economic burden of its treatment continue to rise, but its associated mortality rate which was uniformly high has diminished remarkably over the years. This Improvement in outcome is largely due to better understanding of the pathogenesis of hyperglycemic emergencies and the application of evidence-based guidelines in the treatment of patients. In this article, we present a critical review of the evidence behind the recommendations that have resulted in the improved prognosis of patients with hyperglycemic crises. A succinct discussion of the pathophysiology and important etiological factors in DKA and HHS are provided as a prerequisite for understanding the rationale for the effective therapeutic maneuvers employed in these acute severe metabolic conditions. The evidence for the role of preventive measures in DKA and HHS is also discussed. The unanswered questions and future research needs are also highlighted.
journal_name
Diabetes Res Clin Practjournal_title
Diabetes research and clinical practiceauthors
Nyenwe EA,Kitabchi AEdoi
10.1016/j.diabres.2011.09.012subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-12-01 00:00:00pages
340-51issue
3eissn
0168-8227issn
1872-8227pii
S0168-8227(11)00514-6journal_volume
94pub_type
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journal_title:Diabetes research and clinical practice
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