Abstract:
:In 1989, a new type of antibody was identified, first in the sera of dromedaries and later also in all other species of the Camelidae family. These antibodies do not contain a light chain and also lack the first constant heavy domain. Today it is still unclear what the evolutionary advantage of such heavy chain-only antibodies could be. In sharp contrast, the broad applicability of the isolated variable antigen-binding domains (VHH) was rapidly recognized, especially for the development of therapeutic proteins, called Nanobodies(®). Here we summarize first some of the unique characteristics and features of VHHs. These will next be described in the context of different experimental therapeutic applications of Nanobodies against different viruses: HIV, Hepatitis B virus, influenza virus, Respiratory Syncytial virus, Rabies virus, FMDV, Poliovirus, Rotavirus, and PERVs. Next, the diagnostic application of VHHs (Vaccinia virus, Marburg virus and plant Tulip virus X), as well as an industrial application (lytic lactococcal 936 phage) will be described. In addition, the described data show that monovalent Nanobodies can possess unique characteristics not observed with conventional antibodies. The straightforward formatting into bivalent, multivalent, and/or multispecific Nanobodies allowed tailoring molecules for potency and cross-reactivity against viral targets with high sequence diversity.
journal_name
Antiviral Resjournal_title
Antiviral researchauthors
Vanlandschoot P,Stortelers C,Beirnaert E,Ibañez LI,Schepens B,Depla E,Saelens Xdoi
10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.09.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-12-01 00:00:00pages
389-407issue
3eissn
0166-3542issn
1872-9096pii
S0166-3542(11)00440-2journal_volume
92pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The antiviral activity of antisense oligonucleotides corresponding to different regions of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) genome has been assessed in BHK-21 cells. The locations of the oligonucleotides used were: (i) two regions within the internal ribosome entry site (IRES), involved in the regulation of the tra...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0166-3542(93)90082-t
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influenza A virus (IAV) NS1 protein is one of the major regulators of pathogenicity, being able to suppress innate immune response and host protein synthesis. In this study we identified the human micro RNA hsa-miR-1307-3p as a novel potent suppressor of NS1 expression and influenza virus replication. Transcriptom...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104593
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:The combination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) plus emtricitabine (FTC) is used extensively to treat HIV infection and also has potent activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and tolerance of TDF + FTC in patients with chronic hepa...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.07.003
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ebola virus (EBOV), a negative-sense RNA virus in the family Filoviridae, is known to cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and other primates. Infection with EBOV causes a high mortality rate and currently there is no FDA-licensed vaccine or therapeutic treatment available. Recently, heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90),...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2010.04.015
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::During studies of the antiviral activity of chalcone Ro-09-0410 on human rhinovirus type 9 (RV9) chalcone-resistant strains of RV9 were isolated and appeared with a frequency of about 10(-5) in chalcone sensitive stock. Chalcone-dependent viruses were found after further passage. Some characteristics of the resistant ...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0166-3542(87)90085-4
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several polyanionic compounds with potential for use as topically applied microbicides to prevent HIV-1 sexual transmission, such as PRO 2000, are currently in phase III clinical efficacy trials. Microbicidal formulations may well comprise combinations of inhibitors to increase potency, reduce dose and minimize proble...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2007.03.004
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The emergence of multidrug-resistant influenza viruses poses a persistent threat to public health. The current prophylaxis and therapeutic interventions for influenza virus infection have limited efficacy due to the continuous antigenic drift and antigenic shift of influenza viruses. As part of our ongoing effort to d...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.07.016
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Therapeutic strategies controlling human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) infection are limited due to adverse side effects and emergence of antiviral resistance variants. A compound being evaluated for treating hCMV disease is maribavir (MBV) which disrupts replication by inhibiting the viral kinase pUL97. Previous studies hav...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.09.011
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell-to-cell contact is usually essential for syncytium formation by HTLV-I-infected cell lines. The present study was undertaken to determine the inhibitory effect of polyanionic compounds, dextran sulfate and heparin, on HTLV-I-induced syncytium formation, as demonstrated by the fusion of HTLV-I-infected cells with ...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0166-3542(94)90041-8
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sheep and goat pox continue to be important livestock diseases that pose a major threat to the livestock industry in many regions in Africa and Asia. Currently, several live attenuated vaccines are available and used in endemic countries to control these diseases. One of these is a partially attenuated strain of lumpy...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.08.016
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Favipiravir (T-705) is a new anti-influenza drug approved for human use in Japan and progressing through Phase 3 clinical trials in the U.S. In addition to its potent inhibitory effects against influenza virus infection, the compound has been shown to be broadly active against RNA viruses from 9 different families, in...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.07.003
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amantadine and rimantadine hydrochloride were tested for stability after storage at different temperatures and under different conditions for extended periods of time. Both compounds were quite stable after storage for at least 25 years at ambient temperature; they both retained full antiviral activity after long-term...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0166-3542(98)00015-1
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) which governs the initiation of protein synthesis from viral RNA represents an ideal target for antisense approaches. Using an original bicistronic plasmid, we first established that sequence and translational activity of HCV IRESs cloned from six pati...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2008.06.011
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lactoferrin (LF), a member of the transferrin family, is a bi-globular protein secreted in milk, saliva, tears, seminal fluid, endocervix and vaginal secretions. LF is an important player in the defence against pathogenic microorganisms and has also been shown to have activity against several viruses including herpesv...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2004.05.005
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) has a poor prognosis owing to its intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy. Although zidovudine (AZT) and alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) give rise to some response and improve the prognosis of ATLL, alternative therapies are nee...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2006.02.003
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-five years after the discovery of the therapeutic activity of azidothymidine (AZT), the first antiretroviral drug used in the clinic, infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become, at least in the industrialized world, a manageable chronic disease with a significant improvement in life expect...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.10.007
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Western countries, chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infection mostly affects former and active substance users. The effect of active substance use on interferon (IFN)-responsiveness and therapy efficacy is not well understood. In this study, we compared natural killer (NK) cell activity and function in healthy contr...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.12.025
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cats infected with molecularly cloned FeLV-FAIDS develop an immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by persistent antigenemia, decline in circulating CD4+ T lymphocytes, and impaired T-cell-dependent immune responses and opportunistic infection. We evaluated the capacity of PMEA to inhibit the replication of FeLV-FAID...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0166-3542(91)90060-5
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Forty-nine subjects were enrolled in a study comparing two dosages of parenterally administered interferon (IFN)-beta in combination with cryotherapy for the treatment of anogenital warts. Subjects were randomized to receive subcutaneous injections of either 2 x 10(6) or 4 x 10(6) IU/m2 of IFN-beta (Biogen) three time...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0166-3542(97)01037-1
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fifty-nine US isolates of HSV-1 and HSV-2 obtained between 1998 and 2004 were tested for sensitivity to the helicase-primase inhibitor, pritelivir (AIC316, BAY 57-1293) by plaque-reduction assay. All isolates, which were collected prior to any clinical use of primase-helicase inhibitors, were sensitive and showed mean...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.08.024
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of HIV-1 protease inhibitors on proteolytic processing and infectivity of virions produced from lymphocytes chronically infected with the virus were studied. Protease inhibition was detected by the accumulation of the polyprotein precursors Pr55gag and Pr160gag-pol and their cleavage intermediates. Immunob...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0166-3542(99)00074-1
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The creatine kinase/creatine phosphate (CK/CrP) system plays an important role in cellular energy homeostasis. CK isoenzymes, which reversibly generate ATP from CrP, are compartmentalized at cellular sites where energy is produced or utilized. It has been noted that the expression of CK is induced in cells infected by...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0166-3542(94)90018-3
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rotavirus infection has emerged as an important cause of complications in organ transplantation recipients and might play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 6-Thioguanine (6-TG) has been widely used as an immunosuppressive drug for organ recipients and treatment of IBD in the clinic. This ...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.06.011
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into target cells is mediated by its envelope protein gp41 through membrane fusion. Interaction of two extra-virion heptad repeats (HRs) in the gp41 plays a pivotal role in the fusion, and its inhibitor, enfuvirtide (T-20), blocks HIV-1 entry. To identify agents tha...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2008.05.006
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the study was to establish a murine model for sensitive screening of potential compounds with in vitro anti-influenza A virus activity. The evaluation in this in vivo model is based on semi-quantitative detection of viral RNA using one-step reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). After int...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0166-3542(02)00184-5
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver diseases such as steatosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV particles have been found to associate with apolipoproteins, and apolipoproteins not only participate in the HCV life cycle, but also help HCV escape recognition by the host immu...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104756
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In spite of a decrease in the prevalence and incidence seen in recent years, chronic hepatitis B (CHB) still remains a major healthcare challenge, prevalent mostly in developing but also in developed regions. CHB is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, secondary to the complications of disease progress...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104783
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Treatment of the chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an unmet medical need, and the HCV NS3 serine protease (NS3-SP) has been used as an attractive target of antiviral screening against HCV. To find naturally chemical entities as lead compounds from which novel anti-HCV agents could be developed, bioassay-gui...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2007.06.001
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The emergence of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 marked the second time that a new, highly pathogenic coronavirus has emerged in the human population in the 21st century. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge of animal models of MERS-CoV infection. Commonly used ...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.07.005
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Almost 30 years ago it was proposed that the selection for antiviral drug resistance should be used as an indicator of antiviral drug activity. In addition to discriminating between cellular toxicity and specific activity directed against a viral target, drug resistant mutants have been used to confirm the mechanism o...
journal_title:Antiviral research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2006.03.004
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00