Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a serious neuropsychiatric complication in both acute and chronic liver disease. AIMS:To establish the utility of a portable noninvasive method to measure ammonia in the breath of healthy subjects and patients with HE. METHODS:The study included 106 subjects: 44 women and 62 men, 51 healthy and 55 cirrhotic. The breath ammonia was measured with an electrochemical sensor and expressed in parts/billion (ppb). RESULTS:The breath ammonia in healthy subjects had an average value of 151.4 ppb (95% confidence interval [CI]: 149.4-153.4) and the average value in cirrhotic patients was 169.9 ppb (95% CI: 163.5-176.2) (P < 0.0001). In cirrhotic patients with and without HE, the corresponding values were 184.1 ppb (95% CI: 167.7-200.6) and 162.9 ppb (95% CI: 158.8-167.0), respectively (P = 0.0011). Ammonia levels ≥ 165 ppb permitted a differentiation between healthy and cirrhotic subjects; the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the ammonia-level values in cirrhotic versus control patients was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.79-0.93). In cirrhotic patients, ammonia levels ≥ 175 ppb permitted the distinction between patients with and without HE; the area under the ROC curve in cirrhotic patients with versus without HE was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.73-0.94). CONCLUSION:A portable sensor for measuring breath ammonia can be developed. If the results of the present study are confirmed, breath-ammonia determinations could produce a significant impact on the care of patients with cirrhosis and could even include the possibility of self-monitoring.
journal_name
Dig Dis Scijournal_title
Digestive diseases and sciencesauthors
Adrover R,Cocozzella D,Ridruejo E,García A,Rome J,Podestá JJdoi
10.1007/s10620-011-1858-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-01-01 00:00:00pages
189-95issue
1eissn
0163-2116issn
1573-2568journal_volume
57pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:This work studied the effects of hydrocortisone treatment in experimental acute pancreatitis on cytokines, phospholipase A2, and breakdown products of arachidonic acid and survival. Edematous and necrotizing pancreatitis were induced in Wistar rats by cerulein hyperstimulation and retrograde intraductal infusion of so...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1011902729392
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate the role of heredity in alcoholic pancreatitis, an HLA typing study has been performed. Patients with alcoholic pancreatitis exhibited an increased frequency of HLA Bw 39 when compared with the general population [13.6% vs 3.3%, P (corrected) less than 0.02; relative risk 4.7]. Alcoholics without pancre...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01312945
更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gastroparesis is characterized by delayed gastric emptying, with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain, in the absence of mechanical obstruction. In most cases, it is idiopathic although diabetes mellitus is another leading cause. The physiology of gastric emptying is a complex process which is influenc...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10620-020-06287-2
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We measured the effects of cimetidine on antibiotic concentrations in the luminal portion of gastric mucosa. Guinea pigs were premedicated with cimetidine 4 mg/kg intramuscularly. Clindamycin, an antibiotic previously characterized under physiologic pH conditions, was administered intramuscularly and levels measured i...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01300082
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As chronic liver disease progresses, an imbalance occurs between synthesis and breakdown of extracellular matrix (ECM). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in degrading ECM while tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) prevent their fibrolytic action. We determined if plasma levels of MMP-2, TIMP-1 a...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1026630129025
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of luminal 150 mmol saline, 0.05-0.2% (w/v) lysolecithin, and 5-20% (v/v) ethanol was studied on the mucosal morphology of the proximal small intestine in conscious guinea pigs as well as on the mucosal penetration and transfer to portal venous blood of luminal horseradish peroxidase (HRP). No ultrastructur...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01311253
更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Undernutrition is considered to have a central role in the pathogenesis of growth retardation in Crohn's disease. This may occur as a consequence of inadequate food intake, increased energy expenditure, or both. Ten growing adolescents with inactive Crohn's disease were assessed with respect to anthropometric paramete...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02088741
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The morphologic characteristics of ductlike tubular complexes were studied in human acute pancreatitis. Pancreatic specimens were obtained from 10 patients who were operated on for acute pancreatitis. Immunocytochemistry for pancreatic enzymes, keratin, actin, and carcinoembryonic antigen were combined with lectin-bin...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01536153
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fibrin ring granuloma is characterized by a fibrinous ring surrounding a central fat vacuole. It has been found in the liver and bone marrow of patients with Q fever, and occasionally with visceral leishmaniasis, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, Staphylococcus epidermidis infections, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and hypers...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01308088
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The heterogeneous patterns and trends in tobacco consumption contribute to regional and gender differences in the burden of gastric cancer attributable to smoking. AIMS:To estimate the proportion and absolute number of gastric cancer cases that can be attributed to smoking in different countries, in 2012 an...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10620-015-3624-x
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is regarded as the major risk factor of bacterial translocation. Few studies have investigated the direct relation between SIBO and translocation in cirrhotic patients. The purpose of this study is to examine the correlation between SIBO and bacterial DNA in the p...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10620-009-0870-9
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Heat shock protein 70-2 (HSP70-2) has a cytoprotective role in various conditions and also protects the gastric mucosa. Recently, polymorphism of HSP70-2 at position 1267 was suggested to be associated with carcinogenesis. We investigated the association of this polymorphism with the risk of gastric cancer i...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10620-008-0313-z
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome requires the exclusion of any associated organic disease: a positive diagnosis would avoid expensive and potentially dangerous diagnostic procedures. A scoring system has been proposed for positive diagnosis where more than 44 points excluded organic digestive disease. The aim...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01308166
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Relative adrenal insufficiency (RAI) is frequently observed in patients with cirrhosis. We sought to identify evidence in the literature regarding the impact of RAI on clinical outcomes in cirrhotic patients. METHODS:We conducted a systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis (MA) using the Ovid-MEDLINE, EMBASE...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1007/s10620-017-4471-8
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is rare in Asian countries compared to the West, and an exceptionally low prevalence was noted previously in Taiwan. Using the revised criteria of the IAIHG, 48 cases of AIH patients were diagnosed. All patients were consecutively diagnosed over a period of 5 years. Detailed medical historie...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10620-005-9068-y
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains poorly understood. Since inflammation and fatty changes are associated with hepatitis C (HCV) infection, we have tested the role of HCV in the genesis of NASH. Five consecutive cases of classic NASH were tested by Abbott anti-c100-3 EIA and polymerase cha...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01299852
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In cases of difficult biliary cannulation, transpancreatic sphincterotomy (TPS) can be an alternative approach of biliary access. However, its success and safety profile have not been studied in detail. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to study the overall cannulation success and adverse events of ...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1007/s10620-019-05640-4
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Impairment of pancreatic microcirculation has often been advocated as one pathogenic mechanism in necrotizing pancreatitis. In contrast, data on pancreatic capillary perfusion in edematous pancreatitis are scarce. It was the aim of this experimental study to compare changes in pancreatic microcirculation in edematous ...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02087702
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Birth characteristics, including weight and gestational age, may be associated with risk of Barrett's esophagus (BE), the only known precursor for esophageal adenocarcinoma; however, data are limited. AIMS:To examine associations between various birth characteristics and BE, and whether these associations a...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10620-015-3967-3
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Simultaneous recordings of gastric manometry and myoelectrical activity were made in 10 patients with gastroparesis. Intravenous erythromycin (100 mg) was administered in the fasting state for a period of 30 min. Subcutaneous injection of octreotide (100 microg) was administered before one of the four identical test m...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1018876021156
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:ESD allows higher rates of en-bloc and R0 resections, but has occasionally complications such as aspiration pneumonia. Factors associated with aspiration pneumonia are not completely understood. AIMS:To analyze the relationship between aspiration pneumonia and preoperative factors including pulmonary functi...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10620-017-4750-4
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mannitol (molecular weight 182), lactulose (342), and polyethylene glycol 400 (range 242-550) absorption was studied in 25 controls, 22 untreated celiacs, and 13 treated celiacs. Untreated celiacs absorbed less mannitol and more lactulose than controls. Absorption of higher as well as lower molecular-weight polyethyle...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01318423
更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is activated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and vitamin D deficiency aggravates the development of colitis, but the relationship between the local colonic RAS and vitamin D is unclear with regard to the pathogenesis of IBD. AIMS:To investigate whether vitamin D suppr...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10620-020-06713-5
更新日期：2021-01-12 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine the differentiating parameters between cholesterol and pigment gallstones, we compared the nucleation times, concentrations of biliary lipid and protein, and the distribution of vesicular cholesterol in gallbladder bile of 16 patients with cholesterol, eight patients with black pigment gallstones, and nine ...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01296790
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tacrolimus, a relatively new therapeutic option for patients with corticosteroid-refractory Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, is a substrate for the apically directed efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Duodenal biopsy specimens obtained from a patient with corticosteroid-refractory Crohn's disease and with...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10620-005-3053-3
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) acts as a negative regulator of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) to participate in many diseases. However, the role of SIRT1 and IRF9 in hyperlipidemia acute pancreatitis associated with kidney injury is unclear. AIMS:To explore the function of SIRT1 and IRF9 in hyperlipidemia acute p...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10620-020-06331-1
更新日期：2020-05-28 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Restoring normal fecal flora through intestinal microbiota transplantation (IMT) was successful in curing recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). However, only a few cases have been reported of IMT being utilized for the treatment of severe or fulminant CDI. AIM:Is IMT a simple and effective treatm...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10620-014-3296-y
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Animal studies have shown that calcium blocking drugs decrease lower esophageal sphincter pressure and inhibit peristaltic amplitude and duration. In a single-dose acute study, we compared the effects of a new oral calcium blocker, diltiazem (90, 120, 150 mg) with placebo in five volunteers and 10 patients with chest ...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF01347298
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies have shown a promoting effect of food on small intestinal absorption. Casein hydrolysate seems be more effective in increasing of D-xylose absorption in dogs than the whole protein and lactulose. The purpose this study was to analyze the effect of groups of peptides derived from casein hydrolysate on the absor...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1005439525762
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the anorectal manometric and urodynamic pattern of seven patients who had right and/or left frontal lobe injury to investigate the possibility that the frontal lobe area plays an important role in control of anorectal motility as it does for the urinary bladder. We found that the disturbances of anorectal m...
journal_title：Digestive diseases and sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01536767
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
