Classification of trauma and stressor-related disorders in DSM-5.

Abstract:

:This review examines the question of whether there should be a cluster of disorders, including the adjustment disorders (ADs), acute stress disorder (ASD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the dissociative disorders (DDs), in a section devoted to abnormal responses to stress and trauma in the DSM-5. Environmental risk factors, including the individual's developmental experience, would thus become a major diagnostic consideration. The relationship of these disorders to one another is examined and also their relationship to other anxiety disorders to determine whether they are better grouped with anxiety disorders or a new specific grouping of trauma and stressor-related disorders. First how stress responses have been classified since DSM-III is reviewed. The major focus is on PTSD because it has received the most attention, regarding its proper placement among the psychiatric diagnoses. It is discussed whether PTSD should be considered an anxiety disorder, a stress-induced fear circuitry disorder, an internalizing disorder, or a trauma and stressor-related disorder. Then, ASD, AD, and DD are considered from a similar perspective. Evidence is examined pro and con, and a conclsion is offered recommending inclusion of this cluster of disorders in a section entitled "Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders." The recommendation to shift ASD and PTSD out of the anxiety disorders section reflects increased recognition of trauma as a precipitant, emphasizing common etiology over common phenomenology. Similar considerations are addressed with regard to AD and DD.

journal_name

Depress Anxiety

journal_title

Depression and anxiety

authors

Friedman MJ,Resick PA,Bryant RA,Strain J,Horowitz M,Spiegel D

doi

10.1002/da.20845

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2011-09-01 00:00:00

pages

737-49

issue

9

eissn

1091-4269

issn

1520-6394

journal_volume

28

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Morbidity of comorbid psychiatric diagnoses in the clinical presentation of panic disorder.

    abstract::This study seeks to determine how panic disorder patients with anxiety and depression comorbidity differ from panic disorder patients without comorbidity at the time of presentation for treatment. One-hundred seventy-one panic disorder patients presenting for their initial assessment and treatment at the Payne Whitney...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/1520-6394(2000)12:2<78::AID-DA3>3.0.CO;2-5

    authors: Apfeldorf WJ,Spielman LA,Cloitre M,Heckelman L,Shear MK

    更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00

  • The role of early adverse experience and adulthood stress in the prediction of neuroendocrine stress reactivity in women: a multiple regression analysis.

    abstract::Sensitization of stress-responsive neurobiological systems as a possible consequence of early adverse experience has been implicated in the pathophysiology of mood and anxiety disorders. In addition to early adversities, adulthood stressors are also known to precipitate the manifestation of these disorders. The presen...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.10015

    authors: Heim C,Newport DJ,Wagner D,Wilcox MM,Miller AH,Nemeroff CB

    更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00

  • Predictors of response to synchronized transcranial magnetic stimulation for major depressive disorder.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Synchronized transcranial magnetic stimulation (sTMS) is a new modality to reduce symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD). sTMS uses rotating neodymium magnets to deliver low-field stimulation matched to the individual alpha frequency (IAF). A previous multisite study showed that sTMS significantly reduc...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.22862

    authors: Philip NS,Leuchter AF,Cook IA,Massaro J,Goethe JW,Carpenter LL

    更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00

  • Exposure-based therapy changes amygdala and hippocampus resting-state functional connectivity in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent research suggests that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with altered amygdala and hippocampal resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC). However, less research has examined whether Prolonged Exposure (PE), a first line exposure-based treatment for PTSD, has the potential to alter ...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.22816

    authors: Zhu X,Suarez-Jimenez B,Lazarov A,Helpman L,Papini S,Lowell A,Durosky A,Lindquist MA,Markowitz JC,Schneier F,Wager TD,Neria Y

    更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00

  • Trajectories of childhood adversity and the risk of depression in young adulthood: Results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The significance of the timing and chronicity of childhood adversity for depression outcomes later in life is unclear. Identifying trajectories of adversity throughout childhood would allow classification of children according to the accumulation, timing, and persistence of adversity, and may provide unique ...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.22887

    authors: Tracy M,Salo M,Slopen N,Udo T,Appleton AA

    更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00

  • Competitive memory training (COMET) for treating low self-esteem in patients with depressive disorders: a randomized clinical trial.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Self-esteem is a major concern in mood disorders. Low self-esteem is a symptom of depressive disorders and is considered by some to be a predictor for relapse, whereas high self-esteem seems to buffer against depression. Recently, Competitive Memory Training (COMET) has shown to be effective for the enhancem...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1002/da.20921

    authors: Korrelboom K,Maarsingh M,Huijbrechts I

    更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00

  • The bidirectional relationship between anxiety disorders and circulating levels of inflammatory markers: Results from a large longitudinal population-based study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Although there has been abundant research on chronic low-grade inflammation as a potential mechanism underlying the link between mood disorders and cardiovascular risk, less is known about the role of inflammatory factors and anxiety disorders. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the bi-directional associat...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.22710

    authors: Glaus J,von Känel R,Lasserre AM,Strippoli MF,Vandeleur CL,Castelao E,Gholam-Rezaee M,Marangoni C,Wagner EN,Marques-Vidal P,Waeber G,Vollenweider P,Preisig M,Merikangas KR

    更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00

  • Associations between socioeconomic status and psychological therapy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with higher prevalence of mental health problems; however, the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on psychological therapy outcomes is as yet unclear. AIM:To review published evidence on the association between indicators of SES (income, education, employment, ne...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1002/da.22765

    authors: Finegan M,Firth N,Wojnarowski C,Delgadillo J

    更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00

  • Cognitive behavioral therapy for public-speaking anxiety using virtual reality for exposure.

    abstract::This study used an open clinical trial to test a cognitive-behavioral treatment for public-speaking anxiety that utilized virtual reality as a tool for exposure therapy. Treatment was completed by participants (n = 10) meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV criteria for social phobi...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.20090

    authors: Anderson PL,Zimand E,Hodges LF,Rothbaum BO

    更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00

  • A longitudinal study of women's depression symptom profiles during and after the postpartum phase.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:An issue of critical importance for psychiatry and women's health is whether postpartum depression (PPD) represents a unique condition. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders asserts that major depressive disorder (MDD) may present with peripartum onset, without suggesting any other differ...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.22719

    authors: Fox M,Sandman CA,Davis EP,Glynn LM

    更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00

  • Psychometric properties of the dimensional anxiety scales for DSM-V in an unselected sample of German treatment seeking patients.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Dimensional assessments are planned to be included as supplements to categorical diagnoses in DSM-V. The aim of this study was to examine the unidimensionality, reliability, validity, and clinical sensitivity of brief self-rated scales for specific anxiety disorders in an unselected German sample of consecut...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.21994

    authors: Beesdo-Baum K,Klotsche J,Knappe S,Craske MG,Lebeau RT,Hoyer J,Strobel A,Pieper L,Wittchen HU

    更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00

  • Complicated grief associated with hurricane Katrina.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Although losses are important consequences of disasters, few epidemiological studies of disasters have assessed complicated grief (CG) and none assessed CG associated with losses other than death of loved one. METHODS:Data come from the baseline survey of the Hurricane Katrina Community Advisory Group, a re...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.20865

    authors: Shear MK,McLaughlin KA,Ghesquiere A,Gruber MJ,Sampson NA,Kessler RC

    更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00

  • SPIDER OR NO SPIDER? NEURAL CORRELATES OF SUSTAINED AND PHASIC FEAR IN SPIDER PHOBIA.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Processes of phasic fear responses to threatening stimuli are thought to be distinct from sustained, anticipatory anxiety toward an unpredicted, potential threat. There is evidence for dissociable neural correlates of phasic fear and sustained anxiety. Whereas increased amygdala activity has been associated ...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.22382

    authors: Münsterkötter AL,Notzon S,Redlich R,Grotegerd D,Dohm K,Arolt V,Kugel H,Zwanzger P,Dannlowski U

    更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00

  • Depression and smoking: a 5-year prospective study of patients with major depressive disorder.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Major depressive disorder (MDD) and smoking are major public health problems and epidemiologically strongly associated. However, the relationship between smoking and depression and whether this is influenced by common confounding factors remain unclear, in part due to limited longitudinal data on covariation...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.22108

    authors: Holma IA,Holma KM,Melartin TK,Ketokivi M,Isometsä ET

    更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00

  • Long-term efficacy of repeated daily prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in treatment-resistant depression.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:A few studies have examined the durability of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) antidepressant benefit once patients remitted. This study examined the long-term durability of clinical benefit from TMS using a protocol-specified TMS taper and either continuation pharmacotherapy or naturalistic follow-up...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1002/da.21967

    authors: Mantovani A,Pavlicova M,Avery D,Nahas Z,McDonald WM,Wajdik CD,Holtzheimer PE 3rd,George MS,Sackeim HA,Lisanby SH

    更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00

  • Simple phobia as a comorbid anxiety disorder.

    abstract::This study sought to describe clinical and demographic characteristics differentiating patients with DSM-III-R simple phobias comorbid with one or more of five DSM-III-R index anxiety disorders as compared with those with the index diagnoses alone. From 711 subjects participating in a multicenter, longitudinal, natura...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:

    authors: Goisman RM,Allsworth J,Rogers MP,Warshaw MG,Goldenberg I,Vasile RG,Rodriguez-Villa F,Mallya G,Keller MB

    更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00

  • Fluvoxamine treatment in veterans with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder.

    abstract::This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of the antidepressant fluvoxamine in the treatment of combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Fifteen veterans with combat-related PTSD and no other psychiatric diagnosis except depression were recruited to participate in a 14-week open-label study of f...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.1082

    authors: Escalona R,Canive JM,Calais LA,Davidson JR

    更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00

  • Do anxiety and depression cluster into distinct groups?: a test of tripartite model predictions in a community sample of youth.

    abstract::Because of their high comorbidity and strong associations, the distinctiveness of anxiety and depression in youth continues to be debated. In this study we used cluster analysis in a community sample (n=225) of youth to test tripartite model predictions regarding the grouping of individuals based on their levels of an...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.20215

    authors: Cannon MF,Weems CF

    更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00

  • Reducing avoidance in adults with high spider fear using perceptual discrimination training.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Fear overgeneralization is a central feature of anxiety disorders and can lead to excessive avoidance. As perceptual discrimination is a key component of fear overgeneralization, a perceptual discrimination training task was created aimed at improving perceptual discrimination and reducing fear overgeneraliz...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1002/da.22930

    authors: Ginat-Frolich R,Klein Z,Aderka IM,Shechner T

    更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00

  • Impact of impaired sleep on the development of PTSD symptoms in combat veterans: a prospective longitudinal cohort study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:A significant proportion of soldiers return from deployment with symptoms of fatigue, sleep difficulties, and posttraumatic complaints. Disrupted sleep has been proposed as a contributing factor for the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study investigates the impact of impaired sleep ...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.22054

    authors: van Liempt S,van Zuiden M,Westenberg H,Super A,Vermetten E

    更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00

  • Aripiprazole augmentation of incomplete treatment response in an adolescent male with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

    abstract::We report the case of adolescent male with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) who had an incomplete response to combined cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and sertraline before successful augmentation of CBT with aripiprazole. Standardized assessments indicated significant reductions in OCD symptomatology associated...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.20303

    authors: Storch EA,Lehmkuhl H,Geffken GR,Touchton A,Murphy TK

    更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00

  • Clinical case study: CBT for depression in a Puerto Rican adolescent: challenges and variability in treatment response.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:There is ample evidence of the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression in adolescents, including Puerto Rican adolescents. However, there is still a high percentage of adolescents who do not respond to a standard "dose" of 12 sessions of CBT. This clinical case study explores the charac...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.20457

    authors: Jiménez Chafey MI,Bernal G,Rosselló J

    更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00

  • Sleep, circadian rhythm, and physical activity patterns in depressive and anxiety disorders: A 2-week ambulatory assessment study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Actigraphy may provide a more valid assessment of sleep, circadian rhythm (CR), and physical activity (PA) than self-reported questionnaires, but has not been used widely to study the association with depression/anxiety and their clinical characteristics. METHODS:Fourteen-day actigraphy data of 359 particip...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.22949

    authors: Difrancesco S,Lamers F,Riese H,Merikangas KR,Beekman ATF,van Hemert AM,Schoevers RA,Penninx BWJH

    更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00

  • A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose phase III study of vilazodone in patients with generalized anxiety disorder.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Vilazodone, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist, is approved for treating major depressive disorder in adults. This study (NCT01629966 ClinicalTrials.gov) evaluated the efficacy and safety of vilazodone in adults with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). METHODS:A mul...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1002/da.22365

    authors: Gommoll C,Durgam S,Mathews M,Forero G,Nunez R,Tang X,Thase ME

    更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00

  • Effects of ketamine on explicit and implicit suicidal cognition: a randomized controlled trial in treatment-resistant depression.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Preliminary evidence suggests intravenous ketamine has rapid effects on suicidal cognition, making it an attractive candidate for depressed patients at imminent risk of suicide. In the first randomized controlled trial of ketamine using an anesthetic control condition, we tested ketamine's acute effects on e...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1002/da.22253

    authors: Price RB,Iosifescu DV,Murrough JW,Chang LC,Al Jurdi RK,Iqbal SZ,Soleimani L,Charney DS,Foulkes AL,Mathew SJ

    更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00

  • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adolescence predicts onset of major depressive disorder through early adulthood.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to examine the prospective relationship between a history of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) assessed in mid-adolescence and the onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) through early adulthood in a large school-based sample. A secondary aim was to examine whether th...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.22082

    authors: Meinzer MC,Lewinsohn PM,Pettit JW,Seeley JR,Gau JM,Chronis-Tuscano A,Waxmonsky JG

    更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00

  • Generalizability of clinical trial results for generalized anxiety disorder to community samples.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:There has been little research on the generalizability of clinical trials for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The present study examines the generalizability of pharmacological and psychotherapy clinical trials' results of individuals with DSM-IV GAD to a large community sample. METHODS:Data were drawn ...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.21937

    authors: Hoertel N,Le Strat Y,Blanco C,Lavaud P,Dubertret C

    更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00

  • Six-year trajectory of objective physical function in persons with depressive and anxiety disorders.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Depression and anxiety have been related to poorer self-reported physical functioning over time; however, objective measures of physical function are less frequently examined. This study assessed the 6-year trajectory of hand-grip strength and lung function in persons with depressive and/or anxiety disorders...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.22557

    authors: Lever-van Milligen BA,Lamers F,Smit JH,Penninx BW

    更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00

  • Childhood maltreatment and social anxiety disorder: implications for symptom severity and response to pharmacotherapy.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Childhood maltreatment has been associated with symptom severity, reduced quality of life, and impaired functioning in adults with social anxiety disorder (SAD). No study has investigated how childhood maltreatment impacts pharmacotherapy outcomes in this population, despite evidence for such a link in depre...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.20909

    authors: Bruce LC,Heimberg RG,Blanco C,Schneier FR,Liebowitz MR

    更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00

  • Are SSRIs better than TCAs? Comparison of SSRIs and TCAs: a meta-analysis.

    abstract::In this analysis we examined studies of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to compare efficacy and drop-out rates. Frequency of reported side effects was also studied. Using Medline, we located 36 clinical trials of TCAs and SSRIs in a double-blind comparison. We perfo...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析

    doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6394(1997)6:1<10::aid-da2>3.0.c

    authors: Steffens DC,Krishnan KR,Helms MJ

    更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00