Abstract:
:Ontogenetic changes in architecture, carbohydrate reserves, and resource allocation can constrain the ability of plants to compensate for herbivore damage. To evaluate ontogenetic changes in compensation, saplings and reproductive individuals of the tropical tree Casearia nitida were subjected to three levels of defoliation (0, 25, and 75% leaf area removed) and regrowth was quantified. The impact of defoliation on fruit production was evaluated in reproductive trees. In addition, the influence of defoliation on carbohydrate reserves and on the production of phenolic compounds was assessed. Plants at both stages were able to compensate for 25% leaf area loss, but only saplings were able to compensate at the 75% defoliation level. Negative impacts of defoliation on reproductive trees were also suggested by their tendency to produce fewer fruits when defoliated. The concentration of nonstructural carbohydrates decreased with damage in saplings but not in reproductive trees, suggesting an ontogenetic stage-dependent impact of defoliation on carbohydrate reserves. The concentration of phenolic compounds in leaves decreased with increasing leaf damage in both ontogenetic stages. This suggests a resource based trade-off between defense and compensation. The results from this study suggest that ontogeny needs to be considered when assessing plant responses to herbivore damage.
journal_name
Am J Botjournal_title
American journal of botanyauthors
Boege Kdoi
10.3732/ajb.92.10.1632subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-10-01 00:00:00pages
1632-40issue
10eissn
0002-9122issn
1537-2197pii
92/10/1632journal_volume
92pub_type
杂志文章abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Subtribe Hakeinae (526 spp.) represents a large Australian plant radiation central to our understanding of that flora's evolution and ecology. It contains Grevillea-the third largest plant genus in Australia and a group inferred to have among the highest diversification rates in the angiosperms. Ho...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1500195
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We tested the hypothesis that trees growing at high elevations with occasional freezing temperatures have smaller diameter xylem vessels than trees of the same species growing at lower and warmer elevations. The young branch wood of the wide-ranging Hawaiian tree species Metrosideros polymorpha (Myrtaceae) was examine...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.94.5.709
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::For more than a century, the common ancestor of flowering plants was thought to have had a seven-celled, eight-nucleate Polygonum-type female gametophyte. It is now evident that not one, but in fact three, patterns of female gametophyte development and mature structure characterize the common ancestors of the four mos...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.0800311
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:• PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The growth limitation hypothesis (GLH) is the most accepted mechanistic explanation for treeline formation, although it is still uncertain whether it applies across taxa. The successful establishment of Pinus contorta--an exotic conifer species in the southern hemisphere--above the No...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1400166
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE:Within closed-canopy forests, vertical gradients of light and atmospheric CO2 drive variations in leaf carbon isotope ratios, leaf mass per area (LMA), and the micromorphology of leaf epidermal cells. Variations in traits observed in preserved or fossilized leaves could enable inferences of past forest canopy c...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajb2.1523
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seedling establishment has long been believed to be rare on alpine tundra because of predicted life history trade-offs, the clonality of alpine species, and the harshness of the alpine climate. Contrary to the idea that seedlings are rare on alpine tundra, a 4-yr demographic study of seedlings at Niwot Ridge, Colorado...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.90.8.1197
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phylogenetic analyses of Meliaceae, including representatives of all four currently recognized subfamilies and all but two tribes (32 genera and 35 species, respectively), were carried out using DNA sequence data from three regions: plastid genes rbcL, matK (partial), and nuclear 26S rDNA (partial). Individual and com...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.90.3.471
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Autopolyploidy, or whole-genome duplication within a species, leads to closely related cytotypes in one geographic location. One hypothesized mechanism by which autopolyploids become established is climatic niche divergence from their diploid progenitor. Here we tested this hypothesis in diploid, t...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajb2.1161
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE:Most plants interact with mycorrhizal fungi and animal pollinators simultaneously. Yet, whether mycorrhizae affect traits important to pollination remains poorly understood and may depend on the match between host and fungal genotypes. Here, we examined how ericoid mycorrhizal fungi affected flowering phenology...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajb2.1372
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Inclusion of fossils in phylogenetic analyses is necessary in order to construct a comprehensive "tree of death" and elucidate evolutionary history of taxa; however, such incorporation of fossils in phylogenetic reconstruction is dependent on the availability and interpretation of extensive morphol...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajb2.1123
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gaura (Onagraceae: Onagreae) is a small North American genus of 21 species consisting mostly of night-blooming, moth-pollinated annuals and perennials. The current infrageneric classification based on differences in habit, floral symmetry, and fruit morphology recognizes eight sections within the genus. We examine the...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.91.1.139
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Microsatellite loci were developed for the endangered species Pityopsis ruthii and will permit genetic and conservation studies of the species. METHODS AND RESULTS:A microsatellite-enriched library was used to develop 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci for P. ruthii. The loci amplified perfect and...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1100100
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The circumscription and relationships of genera within the tribe Melanthieae (29 representative taxa) were evaluated using parsimony analyses of ITS (nuclear ribosomal) and trnL-F (plastid) DNA sequence data, alone and in combination. Proposed new generic circumscriptions, strongly supported by the tree statistics and...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:It has been hypothesized that two flower types permit flexible allocation of resources to female and male functions, yet empirical evidence for the sex-allocation hypothesis remains scarce in gynomonoecious species. To characterize resource allocation to pistillate and perfect flowers and allocatio...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1600397
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED: PREMISE OF STUDY:Phylogenetic relationships of the papilionoid legumes (Papilionoideae) reveal that the early branches are more highly diverse in floral morphology than are other clades of Papilionoideae. This study attempts for the first time to comprehensively sample the early-branching clades of this ec...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1200380
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the crown-building phase, the mechanical architecture of the trunk of Aralia spinosa exhibits considerable ontogenetic variation. All trunks were tapered along their length, and taper was dependent on both ramet size and age; older, larger trunks were more tapered than younger, smaller trunks. Trunk specific gr...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the hypothesis that dandelion clones (Taraxacum officinale Weber, sensu lato; Asteraceae) differ in their floral stage timing characteristics under a constant set of environmental conditions. To test this hypothesis, plants representing nine different dandelion clones (identified by DNA fingerprinting)...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.91.11.1828
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fresh weights of suspension cultures of pear (Pyrus communis) and quince (Cydonia oblonga) increased exponentially for 30 to 40 days after subculturing. Transferring pear cultures to media in which quince cultures had grown for 10 days resulted in a 70% inhibition of callus growth. Transferring quince cultures to ...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1986.tb09673.x
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The utility of regression and correspondence models for deducing climate from leaf physiognomy was evaluated by the comparative application of different predictive models to the same three leaf assemblages. Mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP), and growing season precipitation (GSP) were esti...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) restriction enzyme site analysis was used to test hypotheses of series and superseries affiliations of 76 taxa, representing 11 of the 13 South American series (material unavailable for two series) of wild potatoes (Solanum sect. Petota) recognized in the latest classification by Hawkes. The cl...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Size, allometry, and mechanical design were measured for trees of three canopy species in a tropical rain forest in French Guiana. Mechanical design was expressed as the safety factor, using the elastic-stability model, and the wind resistance factor, using the constant-stress model. Changes with ontogeny were describ...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recruitment and mortality of Spartina alterniflora tillers and culms were estimated from measurements of live standing crops at Wallops Island, Virginia. Stands of tall and medium form grass produced from 452 to 1,227 tillers m-2 yr-1 . Those tillered in spring lengthened into culms their first year, while those tille...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1983.tb12430.x
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polyploids have significantly influenced angiosperm evolution. Understanding the genetic consequences of polyploidy is advanced by studies on synthetic allopolyploids that mimic natural species. In Nicotiana, Burk (1973) and Kostoff (1938) generated synthetic tobacco (N. tabacum) using the parents ♀N. sylvestris × ♂N....
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.93.6.875
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seedling establishment is central to population maintenance for nonclonal plant species. Plants with low recruitment rates are expected to have high survival rates, and life history theory indicates there should be a single curve for the trade-off between recruitment and mortality that applies to most or all plant spe...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.91.7.1147
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Sex lability (i.e., gender diphasy) in plants is classically linked to the larger resource needs associated with the female sexual function (i.e., seed production) compared to the male function (i.e., pollen production). Sex lability in response to the environment is extensively documented in dioec...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1600158
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Yucca glauca is a C(3) evergreen rosette species locally common in the C(4)-dominated grasslands of the central Great Plains. Most congeners of Y. glauca are found in deserts, and Y. glauca's morphological similarities to desert species (steeply angled leaves, evergreen habit) may be critical to its success in grassla...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phylogenetic relationships of eight species of Saintpaulia H. Wendl., 19 species of Streptocarpus Lindl. (representing all major growth forms within the genus), and two outgroups (Haberlea rhodopensis Friv., Chirita spadiciformis W. T. Wang) were examined using comparative nucleotide sequences from the two internal tr...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent molecular phylogenetic studies of Solanaceae have identified many well-supported clades within the family and have permitted the creation of a phylogenetic system of classification. Here we estimate the phylogeny for Iochrominae, a clade of Physaleae sensu Olmstead et al. (1999), which contains 34 Andean specie...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.93.8.1140
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The desert moss Syntrichia caninervis exhibits one of the most skewed sex ratios in the plant kingdom, with female individuals far outnumbering male individuals (exceeding 14♀:1♂). The "cost of sex hypothesis" derives from allocational theory and predicts that the sex which is most expensive should be the rarer sex. T...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The perennial feather moss Hylocomium splendens is one of the most widely distributed and common bryophytes in the Northern Hemisphere and has, because of its capacity to grow under a wide range of environmental conditions, been used as a biomonitor for atmospheric metal deposition in Europe. METH...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1200028
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00