Abstract:
:Functional neuroimaging studies have identified multiple nodes of dysfunction in frontostriatal and mesocorticolimbic networks in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Yet relatively few studies have examined how structural and functional connectivity between nodes in these networks might relate to the behavioral symptoms of ADHD. Moreover, it is unknown whether abnormalities in connectivity are a primary cause of symptoms or arise secondary to common etiologic mechanisms. We review the most recent diffusion tensor imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of connectivity in ADHD to characterize associations between frontostriatal connectivity abnormalities and the behavioral symptoms of inattention and impulsivity in ADHD. Furthermore, we examine how structural and functional connectivity measures relate to environmental and genetic pathways to ADHD. Diffusion tensor imaging studies indicate that ADHD is associated with significant irregularities in white matter microstructure, especially in frontostriatal and select corticocortical tracts. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies implicate altered connectivity within a default mode network of structures active during introspective, task-free processes and disrupted interactions between this network and frontostriatal attentional systems. Deficits in functional connectivity within frontostriatal and mesocorticolimbic networks might give rise, in part, to ADHD symptoms. Conversely, structural connectivity deficits and ADHD symptoms might arise incidentally from a common etiologic mechanism, involving altered modulation of synaptic potentiation and pruning by dopamine and other factors during development. Collectively, these studies suggest that the core symptoms of ADHD might derive from dysregulated modulation of cortical plasticity in the developing brain, resulting in altered patterns of corticocortical connectivity that might persist into adulthood.
journal_name
Biol Psychiatryjournal_title
Biological psychiatryauthors
Liston C,Malter Cohen M,Teslovich T,Levenson D,Casey BJdoi
10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.03.022subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-06-15 00:00:00pages
1168-77issue
12eissn
0006-3223issn
1873-2402pii
S0006-3223(11)00270-8journal_volume
69pub_type
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journal_title:Biological psychiatry
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pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Biological psychiatry
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journal_title:Biological psychiatry
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-07-15 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
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更新日期:2013-09-15 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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