Abstract：
:Toremifene is a triphenylethylene derivative structurally and pharmacologically similar to tamoxifen. This Phase I trial assessed the safety, pharmacokinetics, anti-estrogenic, and estrogenic effects of toremifene at six dose levels (10, 20, 40, 60, 200, and 400 mg/day). The most common side-effects associated with therapy included gastrointestinal (nausea/vomiting 43%), anti-estrogenic (hot flashes 29%), and CNS (dizziness/vertigo 12%). Three patients with bone metastases from breast cancer developed hypercalcemia. At doses greater than or equal to 40 mg/day a decline in LH and FSH occurred which was not statistically significant. At all doses tested SHBG rose during therapy. A dose dependent estrogenic blockade was seen on the vaginal epithelium following challenge with transdermal estradiol. Steady-state concentrations of toremifene were reached within 4 weeks, and at doses greater than or equal to 60 mg/day ranged from 879-3445 ng/ml. The half-life was found to be 5 days, and at three weeks following discontinuation of treatment concentrations greater than 24 ng/ml were detected. The N-desmethyl and 4-hydroxy metabolites achieved steady state levels within 4 weeks and had half-lives of 6 and 5 days respectively. Partial responses were seen in 4 patients, 3 with breast cancer treated at 200 mg/day and 1 with endometrial cancer treated at 400 mg/day.
journal_name
Breast Cancer Res Treatjournal_title
Breast cancer research and treatmentauthors
Kohler PC,Hamm JT,Wiebe VJ,DeGregorio MW,Shemano I,Tormey DCdoi
10.1007/BF01807140subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-08-01 00:00:00pages
S19-26eissn
0167-6806issn
1573-7217journal_volume
16 Supplpub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验abstract：:We aimed to analyse the impact of breast cancer (BC) subtypes on the clinical course of disease with special emphasis on the occurrence of brain metastases (BM) and outcome in an elderly BC population. A total number of 706 patients ≥65 years receiving treatment for BC from 2007 to 2011 were identified from a BC datab...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-016-3787-y
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We aimed to compare the clinicopathological features, treatment strategies and clinical outcomes of breast sarcomas (BS) and malignant phyllodes tumours (MPT), and determine their prognostic factors. Cases of BS and MPT diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital from January 1991 to December ...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-016-3946-1
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Conflicting theories of epithelial carcinogenesis disagree on the clonal composition of primary tumors and on the time at which metastases occur. In order to study the spatial distribution of disparate clonal populations within breast carcinomas and the extent of the genetic relationship between primary tumors and reg...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-006-9317-6
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alcohol consumption is a risk factor for breast cancer in humans. Experimental studies indicate that alcohol exposure promotes malignant progression of mammary tumors. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Alcohol induces a pro-inflammatory response by modulating the expression of c...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-011-1902-7
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Expression of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR)--a long non-coding RNA--has been examined in a variety of human cancers, and overexpression of HOTAIR is correlated with poor survival among breast, colon, and liver cancer patients. In this retrospective study, we examine HOTAIR expression in 164 primary ...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-013-2776-7
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present preclinical study was designed to evaluate a new combination therapy comprised of the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole (ANA) and the oral fluoropyrimidines, UFT and S-1 against the estrogen receptor (ER)-positive human breast cancer cell line MCF-7/Arom 14, which was stably transfected with the cDNA of huma...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-010-1141-3
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea (CIA) by newer taxane-containing regimens was evaluated in early breast cancer (EBC) patients. METHODS:A prospective cohort of 122 premenopausal EBC patients participated in a phase III trial of preoperative docetaxel/capecitabine (TX) versus doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (AC); 3...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s10549-008-0071-9
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Co-transfection studies indicate that HER2 (erbB-2) overexpression results in the phosphorylation and enhanced transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor (AR). This amplification of AR action is further enhanced by the expression of ARA70, a putative co-activator with a predilection for the AR. Because androgen...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1017938608460
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Familial aggregations of breast/ovarian cancer cases frequently depend on BRCA1/2 pathogenic mutations. Here we counselled 120 Italian breast/ovarian cancer families and selected 73 probands for BRCA1/2 mutation screening. Through this analysis we defined the prevalence of BRCA1/2 pathogenic mutations occurring in Ita...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-006-9225-9
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The association between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use and breast cancer has remained controversial. Therefore, an overall quantitative estimate of the association needs to be studied. A systematic review and meta-analysis was executed to explore the pooled estimate for relative risk (RR) and 95% c...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1007/s10549-008-0228-6
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme secreted by neutrophil granulocytes as a result of phagocytosis during inflammation. In colorectal cancer, tumour infiltration by MPO expressing cells has been shown to be independently associated with a favourable prognosis. In this study, we explored the role of MPO-positive...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-019-05336-3
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:For optimal management of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), reproducible histopathological assessment is essential to distinguish low-risk from high-risk DCIS. Therefore, we analyzed interrater reliability of histopathological DCIS features and assessed their associations with subsequent ipsilateral invasive bre...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-020-05816-x
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The epidermal growth factor system is a well characterized growth factor receptor pathway, the deregulation of which has been be associated with neoplastic growth. Overexpression or amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or one of its ligands has been linked with the malignant transformation of c...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/B:BREA.0000010702.10130.29
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:To investigate the efficacy of letrozole 2.5 mg and 10 mg used as primary neoadjuvant therapy for patients with locally advanced and large operable breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Twenty-four postmenopausal patients with locally advanced or large operable breast cancer were treated in two consecutive series w...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1010669403283
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Oncoplastic breast surgery (OBS) has developed as an extension of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in an effort to improve esthetic and functional outcome following surgery for breast cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible benefits of OBS, as compared with BCS, with regard to heal...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-020-05544-2
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The use of scalp cooling for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) is increasing. Cold caps are placed onto the hair-bearing areas of the scalp for varying time periods before, during, and after cytotoxic chemotherapy. Although not yet reported, improper application procedures could result ...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-016-3799-7
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Breast cancer cells (BCC) frequently metastasize to bone where they may cause tumor-induced osteolysis (TIO). While the important eroding role of the osteoclasts in TIO is well admitted, the possibility that BCC and/or osteoblasts activated by tumoral factors could also directly degrade bone matrix in this pathology h...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1006408916224
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Ki-67 has been clinically validated for risk assessment in breast cancer, but the analytical validation and cutpoint-definition remain a challenge. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) are a statistical parameter for Ki-67 interobserver performance. However, the maximum degree of variance among pathologis...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-018-05112-9
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Currently, there are no applied molecular markers to aid in predicting risk of carcinoma in situ (CIS) progression to invasive cancer, and therefore, all women diagnosed with CIS undergo surgery. Standard assessment of protein expression in fixed tissue by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is not quantitative and hence is no...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-010-1227-y
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gene fusions have long been considered principally as the oncogenic events of hematologic malignancies, but have recently gained wide attention in solid tumors due to several milestone discoveries and the advancement of deep sequencing technologies. With the progress in deep sequencing studies of breast cancer transcr...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10549-016-3876-y
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Results from four major hypofractionated whole-breast radiotherapy (HF-WBRT) trials have demonstrated equivalence in select patients with early-stage breast cancer when compared with conventionally fractionated WBRT (CF-WBRT). Because relatively little data were available on patients receiving neoadjuvant or ad...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-017-4345-y
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This prospective study assessed the endometrial effects of fulvestrant, a pure estrogen-receptor antagonist, in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. This single-center study enrolled postmenopausal patients who had an intact uterus at baseline with progressive metastatic breast cancer on tamoxifen followed by an o...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-008-0248-2
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Neutropenia is the most common toxicity of CDK4/6 inhibitors, causing frequent dose interruptions. However, CDK4/6 inhibitor-induced neutropenia shows a benign clinical course in contrast to that caused by chemotherapy. Here, we investigated the safety of a new dose scheme for palbociclib, which avoids dose del...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-020-05750-y
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obese breast cancer survivors have increased risk of recurrence and death compared to their normal weight counterparts. Rural women have significantly higher obesity rates, thus weight control intervention may be a key strategy for prevention of breast cancer recurrence in this population. This one-arm treatment study...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1007/s10549-011-1922-3
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The RAS family comprises three proto-oncogenes (H-RAS, K-RAS, and N-RAS) and is among the most widely studied of oncogenes. The present study aimed at investigating the clinical relevance of mRNA levels of the three isoforms in a large group of breast cancer patients with a long-term follow-up. METHODS:198 pre...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-019-05474-8
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) axis may contribute to the development of bone metastases (BM). We studied gene expression in this pathway in primary breast cancer (BC) to determine correlations with clinical characteristics and outcomes in the n...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1007/s10549-017-4318-1
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Droloxifene, a new antiestrogen, has theoretical advantages over tamoxifen based on preclinical data. These include higher affinity to the estrogen receptor, higher antiestrogenic to estrogenic ratio, and more effective inhibition of cell growth and division in ER positive cell lines, as well as less toxicity, includi...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00689679
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The maintenance of hematopoietic progenitor cells as assayed in the mixed colony (CFU-GEMM) assay in human long-term bone marrow cultures was compared between normal allogeneic marrow transplantation donor collections and those from candidates for high-dose therapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). To...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1005732531318
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In 2003, for the first time, US breast cancer incidence rates have fallen. Experts argue whether this is due to the reduced uptake of screening mammography or to lower use of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT). This study aims to disentangle the respective impact of screening and HRT on age-incidence rates an...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-007-9554-3
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the study was to compare breast-conserving therapy (BCT) and mastectomy (M) in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Women with invasive breast cancer and a pathogenic mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 were included in the study (n = 162). Patients treated with BCT (n = 45) were compared with patients treated with M (n =...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-014-3115-3
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
