T cell-independent B cell memory.

abstract：:Although twelve years have passed since the identification of HIV as the cause of AIDS, we do not yet know how HIV kills its target, the CD4+ T cell, nor how this killing cripples the immune system. Prominent theories include direct killing of infected CD4+ T cells by the action or accumulation of cytopathic viral DNA...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Finkel TH,Banda NK

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Current models suggest that continuous antigenic stimulation of memory B cells is required to maintain long-term antibody production. In view of recent developments concerning plasma cell longevity, a new model is described that incorporates the important role of long-lived plasma cells in sustaining persistent antibo...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Slifka MK,Ahmed R

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The formerly distinct fields of lymphocyte signal transduction and cytoskeletal remodeling have recently become linked, as proteins involved in transducing signals downstream of lymphocyte antigen receptors have also been implicated in actin cytoskeleton remodeling, microtubule dynamics and regulation of cell polarity...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Miletic AV,Swat M,Fujikawa K,Swat W

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our understanding of NKT cells has been rapidly advancing over recent years, with many research groups studying how these cells behave and how they can be manipulated to prevent disease. Although good progress has been made, a difficulty is the lack of a clear consensus about how to assay, or even identify, NKT cells....

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Berzins SP,Smyth MJ,Godfrey DI

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rapid progress in the discovery of members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor/ligand superfamilies has been made, mainly with the help of massive DNA sequencing and bioinformatic studies. Biological studies of the new members have not only indicated overlapping roles with other members but also provided insights in...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Kwon B,Youn BS,Kwon BS

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical and experimental data now clearly indicate that chronic inflammation significantly contributes to cancer development. Emerging out of these studies is an appreciation that persistent humoral immune responses exacerbate recruitment and activation of innate immune cells in neoplastic microenvironments where the...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Tan TT,Coussens LM

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system detect host invasion by pathogens and initiate immune responses. All of the TLRs use the adaptor MyD88 to transduce a signal; however, two newly identified signaling molecules, TIRAP and TRIF, interact with a subset of the TLRs, suggesting a signaling specific...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Kopp E,Medzhitov R

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Suppressor T cells down-regulate the activity of other cells in the immune system, and, albeit controversial, are believed to play a role in immunological tolerance and immunoregulation. Significant progress has been made in characterizing suppressor T cells and their receptors, and in elucidating mechanisms of immuno...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Murphy DB

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There has been great progress in understanding the alloresponse and the process of immune recovery after stem cell transplantation. Here, we highlight ways in which transplant outcome is determined by unique immunological features of the early post-transplant period that modulate the growth and function of the grafted...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Barrett J

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Allergen immunotherapy leads to tolerance through multiple mechanisms that include tolerogenic dendritic cells and T and B regulatory cells. These induced cellular populations produce mediators to skew the immune response to a tolerogenic milieu that, among others, results in IgG4 blocking antibodies formation and low...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Mitsias DI,Xepapadaki P,Makris M,Papadopoulos NG

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vaccination against intracellular pathogens requires generation of a pool of memory T cells able to respond upon infection and mediate either killing of the infected cell or induce killing mechanisms in the infected cell. T cell-inducing vaccines must aim to target the antigen to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) so tha...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Griffiths KL,Khader SA

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Experimental models of transplantation provide strong support for the role of regulatory cells in tolerance. However, limited studies of humans who display sustained tolerance following transplantation have not definitively demonstrated a role for regulatory cells in this process. Rather than excluding or minimizing t...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Newell KA,Phippard D,Turka LA

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute inflammatory responses are essential for pathogen control and tissue repair but can also cause severe collateral damage. Tight regulation of the response is required to minimize host injury, but in the face of chronic infections and age-associated immune dysregulation, inflammatory processes may exert multiple d...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Pawelec G,Goldeck D,Derhovanessian E

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent findings have significantly advanced our understanding of the mechanism by which the potent immunosuppressive drug rapamycin inhibits cytokine-dependent lymphocyte proliferation. The protein targeted by the immunophilin-rapamycin complex is a member of a newly defined family of phosphoinositide-3-kinase-related...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Abraham RT

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of colony stimulating factors in clinical bone marrow transplantation is rapidly evolving. Both granulocyte colony stimulating factor and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor have shown efficacy in bone marrow transplant patients in accelerating the rate of myeloid recovery. The use of colony stimu...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Negrin RS,Greenberg PL

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:MHC class II molecules (MHC-II) present antigenic fragments acquired in the endocytic route to the immune system for recognition and activation of CD4+ T cells. This ignites a series of immune responses. MHC-II strongly correlates to most autoimmune diseases. Understanding the biology of MHC-II is therefore expected t...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： van den Hoorn T,Paul P,Jongsma ML,Neefjes J

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infection with helminths has been associated with lower rates of asthma and other allergic diseases. This has been attributed, in part, to the ability of helminths to induce regulatory T cells that suppress inappropriate immune responses to allergens. Recent compelling evidence suggests that helminths may promote regu...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Logan J,Navarro S,Loukas A,Giacomin P

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Animal models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been useful in the identification of those immune responses uniquely involved in IBD pathogenesis and in defining the important roles of environmental influences, such as normal luminal bacterial flora and the genetic composition of the host, in modifying IBD-asso...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Blumberg RS,Saubermann LJ,Strober W

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ensemble of antibodies found in serum and secretions represents the key adaptive component of B-cell mediated humoral immunity. The antibody repertoire is shaped by the historical record of exposure to exogenous factors such as pathogens and vaccines, as well as by endogenous host-intrinsic factors such as genetic...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Wine Y,Horton AP,Ippolito GC,Georgiou G

更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Graft versus host disease (GVHD) remains the major obstacle to the application of bone marrow transplantation across HLA barriers. Recent advances in our understanding of GVHD pathophysiology have resulted in the evaluation in animal models and in clinical trials of some novel approaches to avoiding and treating GVHD....

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Sykes M

更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T cell exhaustion represents a continuous spectrum of cellular dysfunction induced during chronic viral infection, facilitating viral persistence and associating with poor clinical outcome. Modulation of T cell exhaustion can restore function in exhausted CD8 T cells, promoting viral clearance. Exhaustion has also bee...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： McKinney EF,Smith KG

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For many years IL-33 has been widely studied in the context of T helper type 2 (Th2)-driven inflammatory disorders. Interestingly, IL-33 has now emerged as a cytokine with a plethora of pleiotropic properties. Depending on the immune cells targeted by IL-33, it is reported to not only promote Th2 immunity, but also to...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Villarreal DO,Weiner DB

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Herpes zoster is common in older and immune suppressed persons due to diminished VZV-specific cellular immunity. A recombinant herpes zoster vaccine (RZV) consisting of a single VZV glycoprotein and an adjuvant system stimulates robust and persistent VZV-specific antibody and CD4+ T cell responses in these high-risk p...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Heineman TC,Cunningham A,Levin M

更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peptides presented by MHC class I molecules are typically produced through antigen degradation by the proteasome followed by trimming by exopeptidases. According to recent results, these include both aminopeptidases and carboxypeptidases in the cytosol and the endoplasmic reticulum. While cytosolic peptidases have a n...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Weimershaus M,Evnouchidou I,Saveanu L,van Endert P

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tumor vaccinology is as old as immunological thought and as young as our rapidly evolving understanding of antigen processing and presentation. The recent availability of carbohydrate and peptide tumor antigens suitable for vaccine construction, conjugate and recombinant vector technologies capable of augmenting helpe...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Livingston PO

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The breaking of tolerance or unresponsiveness to self-antigens, involving the activation of autoreactive lymphocytes, is a critical event leading to autoimmune diseases. The precise mechanisms by which this can occur are mostly unknown. Viruses have been implicated in this process, among other etiological factors, suc...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： von Herrath MG,Oldstone MB

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The classification of T helper (T(H)) cells in subsets has progressively expanded and more effector subsets, besides T(H)1 and T(H)2, have been documented. These include follicular helper T cells (T(FH)), and the more recent T(H)17, 'T(H)9', and 'T(H)22'. In addition, T(H) are no longer thought of as terminally commit...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Veldhoen M

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:While certain bacteria and respiratory viruses promote local inflammation and disease onset, a more diverse colonization of the different species in the (gut) microbiome may be linked to more regulatory responses and protection against asthma and allergies. These processes are also influenced in part by food intake, b...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Smits HH,van der Vlugt LE,von Mutius E,Hiemstra PS

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rheumatoid arthritis is often considered to be an autoimmune disease in which the abnormal immunological response is triggered by an infectious agent(s) but progress towards identifying such extrinsic factors has so far been unrevealing. In contrast, the genetic component of host susceptibility is slowly becoming clea...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Wordsworth P

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been associated with benign and malignant epithelial proliferations in either skin or mucosa. Two HPV oncogenic proteins, E6 and E7, are important in the induction and maintenance of cellular transformation and are co-expressed in the majority of HPV-containing carcinomas. Therefore,...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Wu TC

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00