Abstract：
:The view of how astrocytes, a type of glial cells, contribute to the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) has changed greatly in the last decade. Although glial cells outnumber neurons in the mammalian brain, it was considered for over a century that they played a subservient role to neurons. This view changed. Functions thought to be exclusively present in neurons, i.e. excitability mediated release of chemical messengers, has also been demonstrated in astrocytes. In this process, following an increase in cytosolic calcium activity, membrane bound vesicles, storing chemical messengers (gliotransmitters), fuse with the plasma membrane, a process known as exocytosis, permitting the exit of vesicle cargo into the extracellular space. Vesicles are delivered to and are removed from the site of exocytosis by an amazingly complex set of processes that we have only started to learn about recently. In this paper we review vesicle traffic, which is subject to physiological regulation and may be changed under pathological conditions.
journal_name
Histol Histopatholjournal_title
Histology and histopathologyauthors
Potokar M,Stenovec M,Kreft M,Gabrijel M,Zorec Rdoi
10.14670/HH-26.277subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-02-01 00:00:00pages
277-84issue
2eissn
0213-3911issn
1699-5848journal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Having identified glycans of cellular glycoconjugates as versatile molecular messages, their recognition by sugar receptors (lectins) is a fundamental mechanism within the flow of biological information. This type of molecular interplay is increasingly revealed to be involved in a wide range of (patho)physiological pr...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.14670/HH-18-199
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine the appropriate time for bone reconstruction after irradiation, the healing process after autogenous iliac bone transplantation in the irradiated parietal bone was examined by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Bone transplantation was carried out at the second and the fourth weeks after C...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-15.7
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recent discovery of nitric oxide (NO) as a biological messenger molecule with unique characteristics has opened a new field in pineal research. This free radical gas is synthesized by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) from L-arginine. The activation of adrenoreceptors in the membrane of the pinealocytes media...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are innate immune systems against invading pathogens. NETs are characterized as released DNA mixed with cytoplasmic antimicrobial proteins such as myeloperoxidase, proteinase3 and neutrophil elastase. While NETs are thought to have an important role in host defense, recent work ha...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.14670/HH-11-816
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoclasts are physiological polykaryons specialized in the resorption of calcified tissue. In the context of the clinical use of calcium-phosphate (CaP) ceramics as bone substitutes, this study used transmission electron microscopy to investigate the in vitro mechanisms of CaP ceramic degradation by osteoclastic cel...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-16.37
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The main objective of this ultrastructural study was to gain a better understanding of the involvement of brain vasculature in clearance of proteins from edematous fluid. For this purpose, both native and modified (cationized, glucosylated, and mannosylated) bovine serum albumin-gold complexes (BSA-G, catBSA-G, glucBS...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-13.647
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:TNFalpha exerts apoptosis throughout an intracellular transduction pathway that involves the kinase proteins TRAF-2 (integration point of apoptotic and survival signals), ASK1 (pro-apoptotic protein), MEK-4 (p38 activator and metastasis suppressor gene), JNK (stress mitogen activated protein kinase) and the transcript...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.14670/HH-23.1279
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spectrins are members of the superfamily of F-actin cross linking proteins that are important as scaffolding proteins for protein sorting, cell adhesion, and migration. In addition, spectrins have been implicated in TGF-beta signaling. The aim of the present study was to analyze the expression and localization of beta...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-25.1497
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many surgical techniques are employed in the treatment of severe obesity. A main consequence of these techniques is the improvement of type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Ghrelin is a gut hormone released in the gastric fundus and corpus, which has been related to diabetic improvement as mentioned in these papers. Sleeve gastre...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-18-200
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The response of the SON to various forms of stress is well documented. However, the effect of operative stress, which is a common and important clinical event requiring the mediation of vasopressin, has largely escaped attention. The present report describes the ultrastructural changes in the neurons of the caudal (re...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Close contacts between endocrine insular cells and exocrine acinar, centroacinar and ductular cells occur frequently in the rat pancreas as seen by both light and electron microscopy. Islets of Langerhans are surrounded incompletely by a thin connective tissue capsule or mantle but numerous exocrine-endocrine cell con...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) is a member of receptor protein tyrosine kinase-like molecules, which is involved in tumorigenesis. However, the association between PTK7 expression and its pathological significance in survival prognosis remains under investigation. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to cl...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.14670/HH-11-933
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The techniques for light and electron microscopic radioautography developed in our laboratory are described. The outlines of the applications to various tissues and organs are also briefly summarized. First, the techniques are explained in detail. These techniques can be divided into two categories, i.e., chemical fix...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurodegenerative and muscle diseases bear both complex and multifactorial pathologies. An efficacious and robust therapeutic option to treat these diseases is yet to be elucidated. At such a time, mesenchymal stem cells have drawn significant attention due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. Accumu...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.14670/HH-11-951
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Little is known about the morphological response of muscle after long term traction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphological changes of skeletal muscle during limb lengthening. After application of mini-extraskeletal fixator, the hindlimb of New Zealand white rabbit was osteotomized and then slo...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extracellular matrix of meningiomas was studied by light and electron microscopy with the aid of immunohistochemical techniques. Special attention was paid to the distribution of type I, III, IV, V collagens and laminin with a comparison between meningothelial and fibroblastic types. Connective tissue fibers and basem...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation often leads to lung injury, in which pulmonary recruitment of neutrophils plays a pivotal role. Inflammatory processes are influenced by CD26/DPP4, highly expressed in lungs. Asthma induced CD26/DPP4 deficient (CD26/DPP4⁻) Fischer (F) 344 rats suffering from a tr...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-18-117
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumorigenesis correlates with hypermethylation of tumor suppressors and hypomethylation of oncogenes. DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) catalyze DNA methylation, and mutations and aberrant expression in DNMT genes are found in multiple human tumors. The discovery of the DNA demethylation function of TET proteins has open...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.14670/HH-29.991
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The liver represents a site of expression of neurotrophins and their receptors. We have characterized the expression and intracellular localization of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor, Trk-A, in liver cells in vivo and in vitro. In both normal and fibrotic liver tissue, Trk-A immunostaining was present in differ...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-23.327
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a fungicide and a pollutant of increasing concern in industrialized regions of the world. Reproductive failure is one of the effects of HCB upon mammals. Alteration of cell shape in the ovary surface epithelium (OSE) of Cynomolgus monkeys following oral administration of HCB was observed in ...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Voltage-activated Ca2+ channels play an important role in synaptic transmission, signal processing and development. The immunohistochemical localization of Cav1.2 (alpha1C) and Cav2.3 (alpha1E) Ca2+ channels was studied in the developing and adult mouse organ of Corti using subunit-specific antibodies and fluorescent ...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-18.1115
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is a non-histone chromosomal protein which is highly conserved, ubiquitous, and widely distributed. HMGB1 has multiple functions in the nucleus, including the maintenance of nucleosome structure, the regulation of gene transcription, and involvement in DNA recombination. HMBG1...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-29.235
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cell loss confined mostly to dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. Several factors, including oxidative stress, and decreased activity of complex I mitochondrial respiratory chain, are involved in the degenerative process. Ye...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell shape is mainly determined by biophysical constraints, interacting according to non-linear dynamics upon the basic units provided by the genome. In turn, the specific configuration a cell acquires plays a fundamental, permissive role in modulating gene expression and many other complex biological functions. Cell ...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.14670/HH-28.155
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The primary objective of this research project was to study the role of sex steroids in the pathogenesis of cholelithiasis using the Syrian hamster as a model. In addition to the morphological examination of the gallbladder epithelium, we thought it imperative to observe the changes induced in the biliary tract in res...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The changes of implanted Harding-Passey melanoma in C57Bl/6J mice following treatment with wholebody hyperthermia were studied. The treated tumours showed a progressive growth delay, cellular and architectural irregularities as well as cell injury characteristics. The presence of distended and irregular blood vessels,...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent data challenge the relevance of the RB pathway to cancer based on RB inactivation, at least in breast tumors. To obtain information on the actual role of the components of the RB pathway in tumor progression we decided to investigate whether their quantitative changes were associated with variations in the leve...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-22.769
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pathophysiologic mechanism by which chronic hypoxia causes pulmonary hypertension is unknown. If anti-platelet agents, or other pharmacologic interventions, altered the pulmonary vascular changes induced by hypoxia, information concerning the pathogenesis of the pulmonary hypertension or the potential therapeutic ...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence of He-Ne laser radiation on the formation of new blood vessels in the bone marrow compartment of a regenerating area of the mid-cortical diaphysis of the tibiae of young adult rats was studied. A small hole was surgically made with a dentistry burr in the tibia and the injured area received a daily laser...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-19.43
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by cartilage attrition, subchondral bone remodeling, osteophyte formation and synovial inflammation. Perturbed homeostasis caused by inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and proapoptotic/antiapoptotic dysregulation is known to impair chondrocyte survival in joi...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-26.1265
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
