Hypericins and thioredoxin reductase: Biochemical and docking studies disclose the molecular basis for effective inhibition by naphthodianthrones.

Abstract:

:Cytosolic (TrxR1) and mitochondrial (TrxR2) thioredoxin reductases experience pronounced concentration- and time-dependent inhibition when incubated with the two naphthodianthrones hypericin and pseudohypericin. Pseudohypericin turned out to be a quite strong inhibitor of TrxR1 (IC(50)=4.40μM) being far more effective than hypericin (IC(50)=157.08μM). In turn, the IC(50) values measured toward TrxR2 were 7.45μM for pseudohypericin and 43.12μM for hypericin. When compared to pseudohypericin, the inhibition caused by hypericin usually required significantly longer times, in particular on TrxR1. These important differences in the inhibitory potencies and profiles were analysed through a molecular modeling approach. Notably, both compounds were found to accommodate in the NADPH-binding pocket of the enzyme. The binding of the two naphthodianthrones to thioredoxin reductase seems to be particularly strong as the inhibitory effects were fully retained after gel filtration. Also, we found that TrxR inhibition by hypericin and pseudohypericin does not involve the active site selenol/thiol motif as confirmed by biochemical and modeling studies. The resulting inhibition pattern is very similar to that produced by the two naphthodianthrones on glutathione reductase. As the thioredoxin system is highly overexpressed in cancer cells, its inhibition by hypericin and pseudohypericin, natural compounds showing appreciable anticancer properties, might offer new clues on their mechanism of action and open interesting perspectives for future tumor therapies.

journal_name

Bioorg Med Chem

authors

Sorrentino F,Karioti A,Gratteri P,Rigobello MP,Scutari G,Messori L,Bindoli A,Chioccioli M,Gabbiani C,Bergonzi MC,Bilia AR

doi

10.1016/j.bmc.2010.10.045

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2011-01-01 00:00:00

pages

631-41

issue

1

eissn

0968-0896

issn

1464-3391

pii

S0968-0896(10)00968-5

journal_volume

19

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Bicyclic[4.1.0]heptanes as phenyl replacements for melanin concentrating hormone receptor antagonists.

    abstract::Melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) receptor antagonists have been proposed as potential treatments of obesity. MCH receptor antagonists with a biphenylamine subunit have been reported previously at Schering-Plough. Herein, we report the discovery of bicyclo[4.1.0]heptanes as replacements for the middle phenyl ring of...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2005.12.046

    authors: Xu R,Li S,Paruchova J,McBriar MD,Guzik H,Palani A,Clader JW,Cox K,Greenlee WJ,Hawes BE,Kowalski TJ,O'Neill K,Spar BD,Weig B,Weston DJ

    更新日期:2006-05-15 00:00:00

  • 2-(2-Bromophenyl)-formononetin and 2-heptyl-formononetin are PPARγ partial agonists and reduce lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

    abstract::Isoflavones are bioactive compounds that have been shown to decrease lipid accumulation in vitro. However, the knowledge of the isoflavone formononetin is limited. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of formononetin and its two synthetic analogues, 2-(2-bromophenyl)-formononetin and 2-heptyl-formononetin, o...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2014.08.037

    authors: Andersen C,Kotowska D,Tortzen CG,Kristiansen K,Nielsen J,Petersen RK

    更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00

  • Synthesis and evaluation of aryliden- and hetarylidenfuranone derivatives of usnic acid as highly potent Tdp1 inhibitors.

    abstract::Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (Tdp1) is a repair enzyme for stalled DNA-topoisomerase 1 (Top 1) cleavage complexes and other 3'-end DNA lesions. Tdp1 is a promising target for anticancer therapy, since it can repair DNA lesions caused by Top1 inhibitors leading to drug resistance. Hence, Tdp1 inhibition should resul...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2018.07.039

    authors: Zakharova O,Luzina O,Zakharenko A,Sokolov D,Filimonov A,Dyrkheeva N,Chepanova A,Ilina E,Ilyina A,Klabenkova K,Chelobanov B,Stetsenko D,Zafar A,Eurtivong C,Reynisson J,Volcho K,Salakhutdinov N,Lavrik O

    更新日期:2018-08-15 00:00:00

  • Synthesis, topoisomerase I and II inhibitory activity, cytotoxicity, and structure-activity relationship study of 2-phenyl- or hydroxylated 2-phenyl-4-aryl-5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridines.

    abstract::A series of novel twenty-eight rigid 2-phenyl- or hydroxylated 2-phenyl-4-aryl-5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridines were synthesized and evaluated for their topoisomerase inhibitory activity as well as their cytotoxicity against several human cancer cell lines. Generally, hydroxylated compounds (16-18, 22-25, and 29-31) containi...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2015.04.031

    authors: Kadayat TM,Song C,Shin S,Magar TB,Bist G,Shrestha A,Thapa P,Na Y,Kwon Y,Lee ES

    更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00

  • Electrophilicity index as a possible descriptor of biological activity.

    abstract::The purpose of this study is to probe the suitability of DFT based chemical reactivity parameter, electrophilicity index as a possible biological activity descriptor in the development of QSAR. Testosterone derivatives with activity described in terms of various biological activity parameters and the estrogen derivati...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2004.08.013

    authors: Parthasarathi R,Subramanian V,Roy DR,Chattaraj PK

    更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00

  • High affinity central benzodiazepine receptor ligands. Part 3: insights into the pharmacophore and pattern recognition study of intrinsic activities of pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinolin-3-ones.

    abstract::Novel 2-phenyl-2,5-dihydropyrazolo[4,3-c]quinolin-3-(3H)-ones (PQs) endowed with high affinity for central benzodiazepine receptor (BzR) were synthesized. In particular, 9-fluoro-2-(2-fluorophenyl)-2,5-dihydro-3H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinolin-3-one (2(2)) showed binding affinity in the subnanomolar concentration range and p...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00527-3

    authors: Carotti A,Altomare C,Savini L,Chiasserini L,Pellerano C,Mascia MP,Maciocco E,Busonero F,Mameli M,Biggio G,Sanna E

    更新日期:2003-11-17 00:00:00

  • Theoretical calculations of a model of NOS indazole inhibitors: interaction of aromatic compounds with Zn-porphyrins.

    abstract::We report a theoretical approach, at the M05-2x/6-311+G(d) level, to explain the affinity of indazoles for nitric oxide synthases using a simplified model of porphyrin. The theoretical E(rel)=E(i) stacking-E(i) apical values correlate with the experimental inhibition percents allowing to predict that 3,7-dinitro-1H-in...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2009.10.006

    authors: Elguero J,Alkorta I,Claramunt RM,López C,Sanz D,María DS

    更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00

  • Discovery of novel 4-(2-fluorophenoxy)quinoline derivatives bearing 4-oxo-1,4-dihydrocinnoline-3-carboxamide moiety as c-Met kinase inhibitors.

    abstract::A series of novel 4-(2-fluorophenoxy)quinoline derivatives containing 4-oxo-1,4-dihydrocinnoline-3-carboxamide moiety were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro biological activities against c-Met kinase and six typical cancer cell lines (A549, H460, HT-29, MKN-45, U87MG and SMMC-7721). All the prepar...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.013

    authors: Li S,Zhao Y,Wang K,Gao Y,Han J,Cui B,Gong P

    更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00

  • Identification of selective inhibitors of sphingosine kinases 1 and 2 through a structure-activity relationship study of 4-epi-jaspine B.

    abstract::We recently reported that 4-epi-jaspine B exhibits potent inhibitory activity towards sphingosine kinases (SphKs). In this study, we investigated the effects of modifying the 2-alkyl group, as well as the functional groups on the THF ring of 4-epi-jaspine B using a diversity-oriented synthesis approach based on a late...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2017.03.059

    authors: Ohno H,Honda M,Hamada N,Miyagaki J,Iwata A,Otsuki K,Maruyama T,Nakamura S,Nakanishi I,Inuki S,Fujii N,Oishi S

    更新日期:2017-06-15 00:00:00

  • 2-(3-Aryl-2-propenoyl)-3-methylquinoxaline-1,4-dioxides: a novel cluster of tumor-specific cytotoxins which reverse multidrug resistance.

    abstract::A series of 2-(3-aryl-2-propenoyl)-3-methylquinoxaline-1,4-dioxides 3a-l were prepared by condensation of various aryl aldehydes with 2-acetyl-3-methylquinoxaline-1,4-dioxide 2. These compounds inhibit the growth of human Molt 4/C8 and CEM T-lymphocytes and the IC(50) values are mainly in the 5-30 microM range. The qu...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2009.04.021

    authors: Das U,Pati HN,Panda AK,De Clercq E,Balzarini J,Molnár J,Baráth Z,Ocsovszki I,Kawase M,Zhou L,Sakagami H,Dimmock JR

    更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00

  • The new models of the human telomere d[AGGG(TTAGGG)3] in K+ solution.

    abstract::The human telomeric sequence d[AGGG(TTAGGG)(3)] has been found to form different types of G-quadruplex structures. NMR revealed that in Na(+) solution this 22 nucleotide (nt) sequence exhibits an antiparallel structure, whereas crystallographic studies in the presence of K(+) showed a dramatically different parallel s...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2006.04.033

    authors: Xu Y,Noguchi Y,Sugiyama H

    更新日期:2006-08-15 00:00:00

  • Comparative molecular field analysis of colchicine inhibition and tubulin polymerization for combretastatins binding to the colchicine binding site on beta-tubulin.

    abstract::A molecular modeling study using Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) was undertaken to develop a predictive model for combretastatin binding to the colchicine binding site of tubulin. Furthermore, we examined the potential contribution of lipophilicity (log P) and molecular dipole moment and were unable to co...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00068-7

    authors: Brown ML,Rieger JM,Macdonald TL

    更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00

  • Transdermal penetration behaviour of drugs: CART-clustering, QSPR and selection of model compounds.

    abstract::A set of 116 structurally very diverse compounds, mainly drugs, was characterized by 1630 molecular descriptors. The biological property modelled in this study was the transdermal permeability coefficient logK(p). The main objective was to find a limited set of suitable model compounds for skin penetration studies. Th...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2007.07.050

    authors: Baert B,Deconinck E,Van Gele M,Slodicka M,Stoppie P,Bodé S,Slegers G,Vander Heyden Y,Lambert J,Beetens J,De Spiegeleer B

    更新日期:2007-11-15 00:00:00

  • Kolavenic acid analog restores growth in HSET-overproducing fission yeast cells and multipolar mitosis in MDA-MB-231 human cells.

    abstract::Although cancer cells often harbor supernumerary centrosomes, they form pseudo-bipolar spindles via centrosome clustering, instead of lethal multipolar spindles, and thus avoid cell death. Kinesin-14 HSET/KIFC1 is a crucial protein involved in centrosome clustering. Accordingly, a compound that targets HSET could pote...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115154

    authors: Kurisawa N,Yukawa M,Koshino H,Onodera T,Toda T,Kimura KI

    更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00

  • Synthesis and evaluation of unsaturated caprolactams as interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE) inhibitors.

    abstract::Peptidomimetic compounds possessing a caprolactam ring constraint were prepared and evaluated as interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE) inhibitors. The caprolactam ring was used to constrain the P3 region of our inhibitors. This strategy proved to be effective for the synthesis of ICE inhibitors, maintaining key hy...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2006.11.011

    authors: Wang Y,O'Neil SV,Wos JA,Oppong KA,Laufersweiler MC,Soper DL,Ellis CD,Baize MW,Fancher AN,Lu W,Suchanek MK,Wang RL,Schwecke WP,Cruze CA,Buchalova M,Belkin M,De B,Demuth TP Jr

    更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00

  • Synthesis and bioactive evaluation of novel hybrids of metronidazole and berberine as new type of antimicrobial agents and their transportation behavior by human serum albumin.

    abstract::A series of novel hybrids of metronidazole and berberine as new type of antimicrobial agents were synthesized and characterized by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, IR, MS and HRMS spectra. Bioactive assay manifested that most of the prepared compounds exhibited effective antibacterial and antifungal activities and some showed com...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2013.05.007

    authors: Zhang L,Chang JJ,Zhang SL,Damu GL,Geng RX,Zhou CH

    更新日期:2013-07-15 00:00:00

  • Parallel synthesis of a series of potentially brain penetrant aminoalkyl benzoimidazoles.

    abstract::Alpha7 agonists were identified via GOLD (CCDC) docking in the putative agonist binding site of an alpha7 homology model and a series of aminoalkyl benzoimidazoles was synthesised to obtain potentially brain penetrant drugs. The array was prepared starting from the reaction of ortho-fluoronitrobenzenes with a selectio...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2007.11.068

    authors: Micco I,Nencini A,Quinn J,Bothmann H,Ghiron C,Padova A,Papini S

    更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00

  • A new motif for inhibitors of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase.

    abstract::The enzyme geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGDPS) is believed to receive the substrate farnesyl diphosphate through one lipophilic channel and release the product geranylgeranyl diphosphate through another. Bisphosphonates with two isoprenoid chains positioned on the α-carbon have proven to be effective inhibitor...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2016.06.019

    authors: Foust BJ,Allen C,Holstein SA,Wiemer DF

    更新日期:2016-08-15 00:00:00

  • Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyridazine derivatives as novel HIV-1 NNRTIs.

    abstract::In continuation of our efforts toward identification and optimization of novel non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), we have employed a structure-based bioisosterism strategy, with which a new series of diarylpyridazine (DAPD) derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-HIV-1 (human i...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2012.12.049

    authors: Li D,Zhan P,Liu H,Pannecouque C,Balzarini J,De Clercq E,Liu X

    更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00

  • Computer-aided discovery of aminopyridines as novel JAK2 inhibitors.

    abstract::The Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-mediated signaling pathway plays an important role in controlling cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. In recent years, genetic, biological, and physiological evidence has established JAK2 inhibitors as effective chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of many different cancer...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2015.01.016

    authors: Zhao C,Yang SH,Khadka DB,Jin Y,Lee KT,Cho WJ

    更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00

  • Cyclopropane-ring formation in the acyl groups of chlorosome glycolipids is crucial for acid resistance of green bacterial antenna systems.

    abstract::Green photosynthetic bacteria have unique light-harvesting antenna systems called chlorosomes. Chlorobaculum tepidum, a model organism of the bacteria, biosynthesized monogalactosyl- and rhamnosylgalactosyldiacylglycerides possessing a methylene-bridged palmitoleyl group characterized by a cis-substituted cyclopropane...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.030

    authors: Mizoguchi T,Tsukatani Y,Harada J,Takasaki S,Yoshitomi T,Tamiaki H

    更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00

  • Toward the development of chemoprevention agents (III): synthesis and anti-inflammatory activities of a new class of 5-glycylamino-2-substituted-phenyl-1,3-dioxacycloalkanes.

    abstract::A new series of 5-glycylamino-2-substituted-phenyl-1,3-dioxacycloalkanes were designed and synthesized. The anti-inflammatory activities of these compounds were tested using the xylene-induced mouse ear edema model. Sixteen of these new compounds exhibited comparable or better anti-inflammatory activities than aspirin...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2007.11.017

    authors: Bi L,Zhao M,Gu K,Wang C,Ju J,Peng S

    更新日期:2008-02-15 00:00:00

  • Polycyclic aromatic compounds as anticancer agents: synthesis and biological evaluation of dibenzofluorene derivatives.

    abstract::Highly regioselective electrophilic substitution of dibenzofluorene was achieved and the nitro derivative was transformed to a variety of new anticancer agents. ...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00213-3

    authors: Becker FF,Mukhopadhyay C,Hackfeld L,Banik I,Banik BK

    更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00

  • 3- and 6-Substituted 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridines as A1 adenosine receptor allosteric modulators and antagonists.

    abstract::A series of 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridines were prepared and evaluated as potential allosteric modulators at the A(1) adenosine receptor. The structure-activity relationships of the 3- and 6-positions of a series of 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridines were explored. Despite finding that ...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2009.08.024

    authors: Aurelio L,Valant C,Figler H,Flynn BL,Linden J,Sexton PM,Christopoulos A,Scammells PJ

    更新日期:2009-10-15 00:00:00

  • Studies on anti-HIV quinolones: new insights on the C-6 position.

    abstract::The 6-desfluoroquinolones which have been developed by our group represent a promising class of compounds for the treatment of HIV infection since they act on transcriptional regulation, a crucial step in the replication cycle that has not been clinically exploited, yet. Focussing attention on the N-1 and C-6 position...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2008.11.056

    authors: Massari S,Daelemans D,Manfroni G,Sabatini S,Tabarrini O,Pannecouque C,Cecchetti V

    更新日期:2009-01-15 00:00:00

  • An unusual functional group interaction and its potential to reproduce steric and electrostatic features of the transition states of peptidolysis.

    abstract::The donor-acceptor interaction between a tertiary amine and an aldehyde, first observed among a select class of alkaloids, was deliberately established in a peptidomimetic (1a-c) to mimic features of the two principal transition states of peptide hydrolysis. Compounds 1a-c show preferential adoption in methanol and wa...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2006.01.031

    authors: Gautier A,Pitrat D,Hasserodt J

    更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00

  • Structural requirements of flavonoids for nitric oxide production inhibitory activity and mechanism of action.

    abstract::To clarify the structure-activity relationships of flavonoids for nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory activity, we examined the inhibitory effects of 73 flavonoids on NO production in lipopolysaccharide-activated mouse peritoneal macrophages. Among those flavonoids, apigenin (IC(50)=7.7 microM), diosmetin (8.9 mic...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00067-1

    authors: Matsuda H,Morikawa T,Ando S,Toguchida I,Yoshikawa M

    更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00

  • New cannabinoid receptor antagonists as pharmacological tool.

    abstract::Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a new series of cannabinoid receptor antagonists of indazole ether derivatives have been performed. Pharmacological evaluation includes radioligand binding assays with [3H]-CP55940 for CB1 and CB2 receptors and functional activity for cannabinoid receptors on isolated tissue...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115672

    authors: González-Naranjo P,Pérez C,Girón R,Sánchez-Robles EM,Martín-Fontelles MI,Carrillo-López N,Martín-Vírgala J,Naves M,Campillo NE,Páez JA

    更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00

  • Inhibition studies of the β-carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium with sulfonamides and sulfamates.

    abstract::The two β-carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) from the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, stCA 1 and stCA 2, were investigated for their inhibition with a large panel of sulfonamides and sulfamates. Unlike inorganic anions, which are weak, millimolar inhibitors of the two enzymes [Vullo et a...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2011.06.038

    authors: Nishimori I,Minakuchi T,Vullo D,Scozzafava A,Supuran CT

    更新日期:2011-08-15 00:00:00

  • Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of water-soluble amino acid prodrug conjugates derived from combretastatin, dihydronaphthalene, and benzosuberene-based parent vascular disrupting agents.

    abstract::Targeting tumor vasculature represents an intriguing therapeutic strategy in the treatment of cancer. In an effort to discover new vascular disrupting agents with improved water solubility and potentially greater bioavailability, various amino acid prodrug conjugates (AAPCs) of potent amino combretastatin, amino dihyd...

    journal_title:Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2016.01.007

    authors: Devkota L,Lin CM,Strecker TE,Wang Y,Tidmore JK,Chen Z,Guddneppanavar R,Jelinek CJ,Lopez R,Liu L,Hamel E,Mason RP,Chaplin DJ,Trawick ML,Pinney KG

    更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00