Base flipping free energy profiles for damaged and undamaged DNA.

abstract：:Lapatinib (LAP), an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, has been associated with idiosyncractic hepatotoxicity. Recent investigations have implicated the importance of P450 3A4/5 enzymes in the formation of an electrophilic quinone imine (LAPQI) metabolite generated through fu...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Eno MR,El-Gendy Bel-D,Cameron MD

更新日期：2016-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein-xenobiotic adducts are byproducts of xenobiotic metabolism. While there is a correlation between protein adduction and target organ toxicity, a cause and effect relationship is not often clear. Naphthoquinone (NQ) and monocrotaline pyrrole (MCTP) are two pneumotoxic electrophiles that form covalent adducts wit...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Nakayama Wong LS,Lamé MW,Jones AD,Wilson DW

更新日期：2010-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanisms underlying aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activation by agonists and circumstances that increase the sensitivity toward agonists and AHR inhibition by antagonists are diverse and still not fully understood. AHR antagonist, 2-methyl-2 H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (2-methyl-4- o-tolylazo-phenyl)-amide, C...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Mohammadi-Bardbori A,Omidi M,Arabnezhad MR

更新日期：2019-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Acetaminophen (APAP), a commonly used analgesic, is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes to a toxic intermediate which can be trapped by glutathione. Using this approach, involvement of enzymes in the activation of APAP and their kinetics were studied. With human liver microsomes, there were three apparent Km v...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Patten CJ,Thomas PE,Guy RL,Lee M,Gonzalez FJ,Guengerich FP,Yang CS

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The bifunctional alkylating agent, melphalan, forms adducts on DNA that are recognized by two previously described monoclonal antibodies, MP5/73 and Amp4/42. Immunoreactivity to MP5/73 was lost when alkylated DNA was exposed to alkaline pH, while Amp4/42 only recognized the structures formed after the alkali treatment...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： McCartney H,Martin AM,Middleton PG,Tilby MJ

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nicking of the DNA strand immediately upstream of an internal abasic (AP) site produces 5'-terminal abasic (dRp) DNA. Both the intact and the nicked abasic species are reactive intermediates along the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway and can be derailed by side reactions. Aberrant accumulation of the 5'-terminal...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Admiraal SJ,O'Brien PJ

更新日期：2017-06-19 00:00:00

abstract：:For decades, many studies have linked maternal smoking to an increased risk of preterm birth. As a result, the scientific community has long hypothesized that exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), commonly referred to as second-hand smoke, is also associated with an increased risk of preterm birth. Multiple s...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Elkin ER,O'Neill MS

更新日期：2017-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Arsenic is one of the inorganic pollutants typically found in natural waters, and its toxic effects on the human body are currently of great concern. For this reason, the search for detoxifying agents that can be used in a so-called "chelation therapy" is of primary importance. However, to the aim of finding the therm...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Chillè D,Cassone G,Giacobello F,Giuffrè O,Nardo VM,Ponterio RC,Saija F,Sponer J,Trusso S,Foti C

更新日期：2020-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:A database containing maximum daily doses of 1841 marketed oral drugs was used to examine the influence of physicochemical properties on dose and hepatotoxicity (drug induced liver injury, DILI). Drugs in the highest ∼20% dose range had significantly reduced mean lipophilicity and molecular weight, increased fractiona...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Leeson PD

更新日期：2018-06-18 00:00:00

abstract：:beta-Carotene and other carotenoids are thought to exert disease preventive actions by scavenging reactive free radicals, but the mechanisms of these reactions are poorly understood. We detected products formed by reaction of beta-carotene with alkoxyl, and alkylperoxyl free radicals generated by thermolysis of azobis...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Liebler DC,McClure TD

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The urine from mice exposed to styrene vapors (600 and 1200 mg/m(3), 6 h) was analyzed for ring-oxidized metabolites of styrene. To facilitate the identification of metabolites in urine, the following potential metabolites were prepared: 2-, 3-, and 4-vinylphenol (2-, 3-, and 4-VP), 4-vinylpyrocatechol, and 2-, 3-, an...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Linhart I,Mráz J,Scharff J,Krouzelka J,Dusková S,Nohová H,Vodicková L

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA oxidation damage has been regarded as one of the possible mechanisms for the hepatic carcinogenesis of dioxin-like compounds (DLCs). In this study, we evaluated the toxic equivalency factor (TEF) from the standpoint of induced DNA oxidation products and their relationship to toxicity and carcinogenicity. Nine DNA ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Gao L,Mutlu E,Collins LB,Walker NJ,Hartwell HJ,Olson JR,Sun W,Gold A,Ball LM,Swenberg JA

更新日期：2017-03-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), e.g., benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), possess a bay region comprising an ortho-fused benzene ring. Benzo[ghi]perylene (BghiP) represents the group of PAHs lacking such a "classic" bay region and hence cannot be metabolically converted like BaP to bay region dihydrodiol epoxid...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Platt KL,Grupe S

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In humans and mice, in utero exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) is associated with adverse health outcomes later in life. The contribution of preconception exposure to the adverse outcomes in offspring has never been studied. Here combined in utero and postnatal exposures produce insulin resistance in two collaborati...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Fry RC,Addo KA,Bell TA,Douillet C,Martin E,Stýblo M,Pardo-Manuel de Villena F

更新日期：2019-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitric oxide can be introduced slowly and steadily into aqueous solutions, including cell culture media, over extended periods of time via semipermeable Silastic (a registered trademark of the Dow Corning Corp.) polymer membranes. The rates of introduction are predictable and reproducible and can approach rates of nit...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Tamir S,Lewis RS,de Rojas Walker T,Deen WM,Wishnok JS,Tannenbaum SR

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The N-reduction of the centrally acting alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonist guanoxabenz (Benzérial), an N-hydroxyamidinohydrazone, to the amidinohydrazone guanabenz (Wytensin, Hipten, Rexitene) by microsomal fractions from rabbits, pigs and humans has been detected in vitro. The conversion rates with rabbit microsomal frac...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Clement B,Demesmaeker M,Linne S

更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The wide pH range reported for electronic cigarette (ECIG) liquids indicates that nicotine may be present in one or more chemical forms. The nicotine form affects the bioavailability and delivery of nicotine from inhaled products. Protonated nicotine is normally associated with counteranions in tobacco products. The c...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： El-Hellani A,El-Hage R,Salman R,Talih S,Shihadeh A,Saliba NA

更新日期：2017-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The cytotoxic activity of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), streptozotocin, and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) was determined in cell culture by using a P388 cell growth rate inhibition assay. These agents appear to have very different activities when inhibition is related to the agent concentration in the cu...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Weinkam RJ,Dolan ME

更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bisphenol A (BPA) is ubiquitous in the environment and is reported to be present at high concentrations in placental tissue, where its presence raises concerns over its potential to disrupt placental function. This report investigates how BPA interferes with the survival of human choriocarcinoma BeWo cells (a model of...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Ponniah M,Billett EE,De Girolamo LA

更新日期：2015-09-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Divicine is an unstable aglycon metabolite of the fava bean pyrimidine beta-glucoside vicine. Divicine has long been thought to be a mediator of an acute hemolytic crisis, known as favism, in susceptible individuals who ingest fava beans (Vicia faba). However, a recent report has questioned the chemical identity of th...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： McMillan DC,Schey KL,Meier GP,Jollow DJ

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:All living organisms are exposed to xenobiotics from the environment. The exposure can lead to the formation of covalent adducts of xenobiotics or their metabolites with nucleic acids (NAs).The knowledge of NA adduct structure provides valuable information n the mechanism of carcinogenesis on a molecular level. While ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Dracínský M,Pohl R

更新日期：2015-02-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The hepatic metabolism of microcystins (MCs), potent cyclic peptide hepatotoxins produced by cyanobacteria, was studied by i.p. injection in mice and rats. An immunoaffinity purification method using an anti-MC-LR monoclonal antibody showed a remarkable effect on the removal of contaminants in the hepatic cytosol and ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Kondo F,Matsumoto H,Yamada S,Ishikawa N,Ito E,Nagata S,Ueno Y,Suzuki M,Harada K

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As COVID-19 swept across the world, it created a global pandemic and an unpredictable and challenging job market. This article discusses the future of the 2020-2021 job market in both academia and industry in the midst and aftermath of this pandemic. ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Perera HM,Griffin WC,Kankanamage RNT,Pathira Kankanamge LS

更新日期：2020-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Chloroethylnitrosoureas (CENUs) are bifunctional alkylating agents widely used for the clinical treatment of cancer. They exert anticancer activity by inducing DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) within GC base pairs to form dG-dC cross-links. This lesion inhibits DNA double strand separation during replication and tra...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Sun G,Zhao L,Fan T,Li S,Zhong R

更新日期：2014-07-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) metabolize alkyl- and arylamines, generating several different products. For the primary and secondary amines, some of these reactions result in hydroxylated amines, which may be toxic. Thus, when designing new drugs containing amine groups, it is important to be able to predict if a giv...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Seger ST,Rydberg P,Olsen L

更新日期：2015-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of chlorination of catechol (CAT) derivatives of pentachlorophenol (PCP) on the induction of cytotoxicity and DNA damaging effects in calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) and in two human breast carcinoma cell lines. Results indicated that with the addition of the transition...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Lin CH,Leow HT,Huang SC,Nakamura J,Swenberg JA,Lin PH

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The major plant growth regulator ethephon degrades to ethylene and phosphate in aqueous solutions and plants and is spontaneously activated to a butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitor in alkaline solutions and animal tissues. In the present (31)P NMR kinetic study of the reactions of ethephon in pH 7.4 carbonate buffe...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Lantz SR,Casida JE

更新日期：2013-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Thiacetazone (TAZ) and ethionamide (ETA) are, respectively, thiourea- and thioamide-containing second line antitubercular prodrugs for which there is an extensive clinical history of cross-resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. EtaA, a recently identified flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO), is responsible for th...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Qian L,Ortiz de Montellano PR

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous reports indicate that 4-benzyl-1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (BMTP), the benzyl analogue of the Parkinsonian inducing neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), is not neurotoxic in the C-57 black mouse even when administered at a dose 10 times greater than the dose of MPTP required...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Naiman N,Rollema H,Johnson E,Castagnoli N Jr

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our long-term oral administration of dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV) in rats revealed that three unidentified metabolites, M-1, M-2, and M-3, were detected in urine and feces. DMAV and trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO) were converted to M-2 and M-3 and M-1 by Escherichia coli strain A3-6 isolated from the ceca of DMAV-administ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Yoshida K,Kuroda K,Zhou X,Inoue Y,Date Y,Wanibuchi H,Fukushima S,Endo G

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00