Abstract：
:Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays a key role in postsynaptic transmission in most animals. Nematodes encode multiple AChEs, implying its functional diversity. To explore physiological functions of multiple AChEs, three distinct AChEs (BxACE-1, BxACE-2, and BxACE-3) were identified and characterized from the pinewood nematode. Sequencing comparison with Torpedo AChE and Caenorhabditis elegans ACEs identified choline-binding site, catalytic triad functional site, three internal disulfide bonds and aromatic residues for the catalytic gorge. Transcriptional profiling by quantitative real-time PCR revealed that BxACE-3 is more actively transcribed than BxACE-1 (2-3 times) and BxACE-2 (9-18 times) in both propagative and dispersal stages. The three BxACEs were functionally expressed using baculovirus system. Kinetic analysis of in vitro-expressed BxACEs revealed that the substrate specificity was highest in BxACE-1 whereas the catalytic efficiency was highest in BxACE-2. In inhibition assay, BxACE-3 showed the lowest inhibition rate. Taken together, it appears that both BxACE-1 and BxACE-2 play common but non-overlapping roles in synaptic transmission, whereas BxACE-3 may have non-neuronal functions. The current findings should provide valuable insights into the evolutionary process and various physiological roles of AChE.
journal_name
Mol Biochem Parasitoljournal_title
Molecular and biochemical parasitologyauthors
Kang JS,Lee DW,Choi JY,Je YH,Koh YH,Lee SHdoi
10.1016/j.molbiopara.2010.11.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-02-01 00:00:00pages
154-61issue
2eissn
0166-6851issn
1872-9428pii
S0166-6851(10)00282-3journal_volume
175pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Among several protease inhibitors tested, only leupeptin was found to modify qualitatively the processing of P126, a major antigen of the parasitophorous vacuole of Plasmodium falciparum, and to inhibit the release of merozoites. Whereas P126 is normally processed upon merozoite release into 2 polypeptides of 50 and 7...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(89)90029-7
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The microaerophilic parasite Trichomonas vaginalis is a causative agent of painful vaginitis or urethritis, termed trichomoniasis, and can also cause preterm delivery or stillbirth. Treatment of trichomoniasis is almost exclusively based on the nitroimidazole drugs metronidazole and tinidazole. Metronidazole resistanc...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2012.03.003
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The bloodstream forms of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei lack spectrally detectable cytochromes and satisfy energy requirements mainly by glycolysis. When infected blood is ingested by the tse-tse fly vector, the bloodstream form cells differentiate to procyclic forms that have fully functional mitochondria....
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(94)90080-9
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reversible acetylation of core histones plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. The acetylation state of histones is controlled by a dynamic equilibrium between activities of histone acetylase and deacetylase enzymes. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) was recent...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-6851(98)00177-7
更新日期：1999-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent advances in insect genetic engineering have opened up new possibilities in the genetic control of insect vectors of human diseases. We outline the current state of the sterile insect technique and show how the use of engineered dominant lethals can greatly increase the effectiveness of this approach. We conside...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-6851(02)00040-3
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The promoter region of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes of Leishmania amazonensis was characterised and the transcription start point, defined by primer extension, was shown to be a T residue, 1048 nucleotides upstream of the beginning of the 18S sequence. A repetitive element of 60 bp was identified in the intergenic s...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(95)02562-6
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus) are a major cause of malnutrition and anemia, particularly in children, and high worm burdens can lead to stunted growth and mental retardation. Mass drug administration (MDA) with benzimidazole (BZ) anthelmintics has the potential to greatly reduce morbidity...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2007.07.019
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase, which is of central importance in the degradation of glutathione, was purified from Ascaris suum to apparent homogeneity. The enzyme was found to be a predominantly membrane-bound protein and was solubilized by Triton X-100. The purified enzyme, which exhibits a specific activity of 1009...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(96)02573-x
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have demonstrated previously that Nopp44/46, an abundant nucleolar phosphoprotein of Trypanosoma brucei, is associated with a protein kinase. In many organisms multiple nucleolar proteins are phosphorylated by the protein kinase CK2, formerly known as casein kinase II. Here we report the identification of two T. br...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-6851(01)00407-8
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three days after mice were inoculated with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, total hepatic cytochrome P-450 levels were decreased 14% from control values, while the specific mixed-function oxidase activity (per nmole of cytochrome P-450) was inhibited almost 40% in infected animals. Furthermore, drugs used to treat trypan...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(81)90051-7
更新日期：1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Trypanosoma cruzi, the aetiological agent of Chagas disease, can obtain L-glutamine (Gln) through the enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS) using glutamate (Glu) and ammonia as substrates. In this work, we show additional non-canonical roles for this amino acid: its involvement in ATP maintenance and parasite survival unde...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2018.07.007
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies in the parasitic protist Trichomonas vaginalis have revealed that protein coding genes are transcribed by an alpha-amanitin-resistant RNA polymerase (RNAP) II. To investigate whether this unusual property is a general characteristic of trichomonads, we addressed the physiology of RNA synthesis in lyso...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-6851(01)00294-8
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of transfection in the study of the biology of malaria parasites has been limited due to poor transfection efficiencies (frequency of 10(-6) to 10(-9)) and a paucity of selection markers. Here, a new method of transfection, using non-viral Nucleofector technology, is described for the rodent parasite Plasmodiu...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2005.09.007
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A complex of non-covalently bound polypeptides is located on the surface of the merozoite form of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Four of these polypeptides are derived by proteolytic processing of the merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1) precursor. Two components, a 22 and a 36 kDa polypeptide are no...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-6851(00)00350-9
更新日期：2001-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The separation by chromatofocusing of two distinct purine nucleoside cleaving activities from crude extracts of Trypanosoma brucei brucei is described. One catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine (MeSAdo) and adenosine (Ado) and was designated an MeSAdo/Ado phosphorylase, while the o...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(88)90030-8
更新日期：1988-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A convenient method was employed for the efficient extraction of total RNA from Plasmodium falciparum. By depleting the total RNA of tRNA, it was shown that P. falciparum or P. lophurae tRNAs markedly stimulate the translation of P. falciparum mRNA in the rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system. Analysis of the cell-free...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(82)90023-8
更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The DNA contents of three different Trypanosoma cruzi strains were compared by direct microfluorometry. The maximal difference found was 40% of the lowest value. Two of the cloned strains, reported in an earlier study to differ by 48% in their total DNA content, showed a difference of 33%. The kinetoplast of the Y str...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(89)90202-8
更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cyst wall of Entamoeba invadens (Ei), a model for the human pathogen Entamoeba histolytica, contains chitin, which is a homopolymer of beta-1, 4-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc). In fungi and in bacteria that make nodulation factors, chitin deacetylases make chitosan, which is a mixture of GlcNAc and glucosami...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2006.03.002
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the substrate specificity requirements of recombinant cysteine peptidases from Plasmodium falciparum, falcipain-2 (FP-2) and falcipain-3 (FP-3), using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) peptides as substrates. Systematic modifications were introduced in the lead sequence Abz-KLRSSKQ-EDDnp (Abz=or...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2013.01.002
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many surface antigens of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum show extraordinary diversity, with different alleles being so divergent as to be unalignable in some coding regions. To better understand the population history and modes of selection on such loci, we sequenced genomic regions flanking the highl...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2007.12.004
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The anthelmintic cyclooctadepsipeptide emodepside is effective against nematodes showing resistance against established drug classes. Emodepside exerts its nematicidal effects mainly through its validated target, the tetrameric voltage- and calcium-activated potassium channel SLO-1. Two slo-1 genes were described in T...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2015.03.001
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Purified GP57/51, a Trypanosoma cruzi glycoprotein earlier identified as a major antigen in infected humans, was subjected to N-terminal sequence analysis. Alignment of the first 30 amino acids revealed that its N-terminal region is virtually identical to that reported for a cysteine-proteinase isolated from the Tulah...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(90)90127-8
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The livers of chickens maintained on a diet containing an effective in vivo level (70 ppm) of arprinocid, an anticoccidial agent, were found to contain 0.64 ppm of this drug and 0.33 ppm of a metabolite, arprinocid-1-N-oxide. When arprinocid was tested against Eimeria tenella in cultures of chick kidney epithelial cel...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(80)90051-1
更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Post-transcriptional regulation is a key feature controlling gene expression in the protozoan parasite Leishmania. The nine-nucleotide paraflagellar rod regulatory element (PRE) in the 3'UTR of Leishmania mexicana PFR2 is both necessary and sufficient for the observed 10-fold higher level of PFR2 mRNA in promastigotes...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2007.10.001
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the total RNA extracted from cultures of Plasmodium falciparum resolved two major RNA components with estimated molecular weights of 1.3 X 10(6) and 0.72 - 0.74 X 10(6). Oligo(dT)-cellulose column chromatography of the total cellular RNA indicates that more than 90% of the total r...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(81)90014-1
更新日期：1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) was isolated from 56 stocks of Trypanosoma cruzi isolated from human patients, animals and insects from Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia and Costa Rica. Comparison of the patterns of digested kDNA on acrylamide gels led to the grouping of several stocks into two schizodemes. Schizodeme analysis was a...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(90)90160-n
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DNA processes, including transcriptional activation, are largely governed by histone modifications. For most eukaryotes, chromatin-remodeling machines have been identified that move, replace, or decorate histones. Recent studies have shed some important light on similar machinery operating in apicomplexan parasites, i...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2006.03.010
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cryptosporidiosis is an obligate intracellular pathogen causing diarrhea. Merozoite egress is essential for infection to spread between host cells. However, the mechanisms of egress have yet to be defined. We hypothesized that Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase G (PKG) may be involved in Cryptosporidium egress. In th...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2020.111277
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leishmania major promastigotes grown in late log phase were incubated with glucose as sole exogenous carbon source in the presence of 5% CO2 and the amounts of glucose consumed and of the major products formed--succinate, pyruvate, alanine, acetate, glycerol, and D-lactate--were measured as a function of pO2. Glucose ...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(90)90062-q
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Entamoeba histolytica is a eukaryotic intestinal parasite of humans, and is endemic in developing countries. We have characterized the E. histolytica putative low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP). The structure for this amebic tyrosine phosphatase was solved, showing the ligand-induced conformat...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2014.01.003
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
