Abstract：
:This review considers the problem of the serious concomitant side effects of powerful anti-inflammatory drugs modelled upon the principal human glucocorticoid hormone, cortisol. The very nature of the original bio-assays to validate their cortisol-like hormonal and anti-inflammatory activities ensured that pleiotropic toxins were selected for clinical studies. Other complicating factors have been (1) considerable reliance on bio-assays conducted in laboratory animals that primarily secrete corticosterone, not cortisol, as their principal anti-inflammatory adrenal hormone; (2) some differences in the binding of xenobiotic cortisol analogues (vis á vis cortisol) to transport proteins, detoxifying enzymes and even some intra-cellular receptors; (3) the "rogue" properties of these hormonal xenobiotics, acting independently of--but still able to suppress--hormonal mechanisms regulating endogenous cortisol; and (4) problems of intrinsic/acquired "steroid resistance", diminishing their clinical efficacy, but not necessarily all their toxicities. The rather gloomy conclusion is that devising new drugs to reproduce the effect of multi-potent hormones may be a recipe for disaster, in contexts other than simply remedying an endocrine deficiency. Promising new developments include "designed" combination therapies that allow some reduction in total steroid doses (and hopefully their side effects); sharpening strategies to limit the actual duration of steroid administration; and resurgent interest in searching for more selective analogues (both steroidal and non-steroid) with less harmful side effects. Some oversights and neglected areas of research are also considered. Overall, it now seems timely to engage in some drastic rethinking about (retaining?) these "licensed toxins" as fundamental therapies for chronic inflammation.
journal_name
Inflammopharmacologyjournal_title
Inflammopharmacologyauthors
Whitehouse MWdoi
10.1007/s10787-010-0056-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-02-01 00:00:00pages
1-19issue
1eissn
0925-4692issn
1568-5608journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Methyl gallate is a gallotannin widely distributed in nature. Previous studies have demonstrated its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anti-tumor activities. In the present study, the activity of methyl gallate on experimental models of inflammatory bowel disease has been investigated. Experimental col...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10787-017-0412-6
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a widely prescribed medication to patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), with potential anti-inflammatory effects. This study was performed to investigate the efficacy of HCQ therapy by serial assessment of disease activity and serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines ...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10787-018-0512-y
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the most cancer type related to chronic inflammation; however, the mechanisms that link inflammation to CRC development and progression are still poorly understood. Our study aimed to investigate one of the prominent inflammatory response in cancers, iNOS/NO system. In this regard, we e...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10787-019-00566-9
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Propolis has been extensively used to improve health and prevent inflammatory diseases. Different types of Cuban propolis (red, brown and yellow) have been documented. The purpose of this research was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of Cuban red propolis (CP) on MDA MB-231 cell line, since breast cancer is consid...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10787-018-0492-y
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:Activation of sphingosine kinase (SK) is a key response to many inflammatory processes. The present studies test the hypothesis that an orally available SK inhibitor, ABC294640, would be effective in rodent models of Crohn's disease. METHODS:Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) was administered rectally to mice an...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10787-010-0032-x
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors would like to inform you that Jie Yu and Haimei Lu contributed equally to this study and should be considered as co-first authors. ...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi：10.1007/s10787-018-0518-5
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A small GTPase, Rac1, is recognized as an important modulator of the inflammatory responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by affecting the processes of phospholipase C activation. The activation of Rac1 involves the exchange of GDP for GTP and is catalyzed by the guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Her...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10787-015-0235-2
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new compound derivative of glycoside 19-α-hydroxy-ursolic acid glucoside (19-α-hydroxyurs-12(13)-ene-28-oic acid-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (HEG) was isolated from whole plant of Wedelia calendulacea (Compositae). The structure was elucidated and established by standard spectroscopy approaches. Diethylnitrosamine (DEN)...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10787-017-0310-y
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damages gastric mucosa via reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity. ROS was reportedly produced through angiotensin II stimulation in tissues such as kidney, heart and brain. To determine whether AT1 receptor plays a role in gastric mucosal damage, we examined the effect of AT1 receptor block...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10787-006-1551-3
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the potential of Azadirachta indica leaf extracts against Salmonella typhimurium-induced inflammation in BALB/c mice. DESIGN:Qualitative tests of A. indica leaf extracts were conducted for screening of various phytochemicals. The antiinflammatory potential of A. indica leaf extracts on S. typhimu...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10787-008-8032-9
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), a tissue inflammatory factor can be activated under oxidative stress and in conditions associated with hyperglycemia. Gingerol containing various natural herbs has been extensively studied for its pharmacological actions both in reducing the inflammation and as immunity...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10787-019-00569-6
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nicotine mediates some of the injurious effects caused by consuming tobacco products. The aim of this work is to investigate the protective effects of Mentha spicata extract (ME) supplementation on the testis and brain of nicotine-induced oxidative damage rats. ME extract showed interesting hydrogen peroxide-scavengin...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10787-019-00650-0
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute kidney injury (AKI) are major causes of sepsis-induced mortality. The objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of tocilizumab (TCZ), an IL-6 receptor inhibitor, in sepsis-induced ALI and AKI using the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) rat model of sepsis. Clinical and experime...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10787-019-00628-y
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Retinoic Acid Related Orphan Nuclear Receptor gamma T (RORγT) is a lineage specifying transcription factor for IL-17 expressing cells, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). VPR-254 is a selective in vitro inhibitor of RORγT. AIMS:The main goals of our study were two...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10787-019-00643-z
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:2-(4-phenylquinoline-2-yl)phenol derivatives (4a-l) with COX-2 enzyme inhibition, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic potentials were executed and reported. From the in vitro COX-2 enzyme inhibition assay, compounds 4 h (IC50 0.026 µM) and 4j (IC50 0.102 µM) were found as most potent COX-2 inhibitors. Consequ...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10787-017-0342-3
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Osthole is a bioactive component reported in medicinal plants such as Angelica pubescens and Cnidium monnieri, known for analgesic activity. However, the toxicity, median effective dose (ED50), and dual modulation of nitric oxide and cyclooxygenase pathways along with inflammatory cytokines of osthole are ye...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10787-018-0486-9
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most of the gastroprotective drugs which had been marketed in Japan were considered to have insufficient rationale for use as ulcer treatments. Such drugs may have a crucial role in maintaining mucosal integrity by the mechanisms other than inhibition of acid secretion. We re-evaluated the effect of gastroprotective d...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10787-006-0300-y
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to determine whether ethanol extracts of Etlingera pavieana rhizomes (EPE) can inhibit the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in TNF-α-stimulated human vascular endothelial cells. EPE significantly reduced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in a concentration-dependent manner. EPE also suppressed phos...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10787-019-00676-4
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:The capture, analysis and utilisation of health status information are attended by logistic considerations and interpretation challenges. We report a preliminary evaluation of cellular technology in capturing WOMAC NRS 3.1 Index data. METHODS:A Java midlet for delivering the WOMAC NRS3.1 Index on Nokia-6300, Motor...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10787-008-8045-4
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Kynurenate, a metabolite of tryptophan formed serially from kynurenine, inhibits N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor responses. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may produce anti-hyperalgesic effects by altering tryptophan metabolism to increase kynurenate concentrations. We examined whether the NSAID di...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1163/156856003322315622
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 1952 I re-joined the Pharmacological Division of the Research Department of the Boots Co. in Nottingham UK to work on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but with the distinct disadvantage that the Division was housed in a group of rambling buildings attached to a Victorian house. The Division had moved there at the beginnin...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10787-999-0002-3
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract of Chromolaena odorata was investigated in rats using the carrageenan-induced oedema, cotton pellet granuloma and formalin-induced oedema methods. The extract was administered orally at doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. In the carrageenan method the paw oedema wa...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1163/156856005774649386
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and kinins have been associated with neuropathic pain-like behaviour in numerous animal models. However, the way that they interact to cause neuron sensitisation remains unclear. This study assessed the interaction of kinin receptors and TNF receptor TNFR1/p55 in mechanical hypersensitivit...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10787-019-00578-5
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pioglitazone, a specific ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma), was recently implicated in the control of inflammatory processes and in the modulation of the expression of various cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), but its role in the mechanism of gastric muco...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1163/156856005774423908
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Excess eicosanoid formation during inflammation has been attributed to the expression of the gene coding for the inducible isoform of prostaglandin G/H synthase (PGHS-2). Human and murine PGHS-2 proteins differ in 73 out of the 604 amino acids. When comparing the inhibitory effects of a panel of PGHS-inhibitors in a w...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10787-997-0020-y
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ozonised sunflower oil, Bioperoxoil, was tested for its antimicrobial activity against some pathological strains in vitro together with its healing potential against Staphylococcus aureus in vivo. Bioperoxoil was tested against S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Candida albicans, S. typhimurium and Escherichia col...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1163/1568560042342275
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Resveratrol exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on collagen-induced arthritis and osteoarthritis in rats via activation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Autophagy can be induced by resveratrol and leads to amelioration of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) release in vitro. We aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory mechanisms...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10787-018-00555-4
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inflammatory bowel diseases are associated with reduced colonic contractility and induction of cyclooxygenase-2. In this study a possible role of cyclooxygenase-2 in and the underlying mechanism of the reduced contractility were investigated in experimental colitis. The effects of meloxicam, a cyclooxygenase-2 selecti...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10787-006-1507-7
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of hyaluronan on cell adhesion and recruitment both in vitro and in vivo, since hyaluronan both inhibits restenosis and is anti-inflammatory. When administered to animals undergoing angioplasty the recruitment of cells into the restenotic plaque is inhibited, as well as into inflammatory l...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1163/156856005774382733
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The initial precipitating injury such as SE progresses to chronic epilepsy through multiple epileptogenic processes. Early epileptogenic events are generally characterized by neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and abnormal neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Metformin has exhibited anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective...
journal_title：Inflammopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10787-020-00782-8
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
